Green synthesis of graphene-based metal nanocomposite for electro and photocatalytic activity; recent advancement and future prospective

The presence of pollutants in waste water is a demanding problem for human health. Investigations have been allocated to study the adsorptive behavior of graphene-based materials to remove pollutants from wastewater. Graphene (GO) due to its hydrophilicity, high surface area, and oxygenated functional groups, is an effective adsorbent for the removal of dyes and heavy metals from water. The disclosure of green synthesis opened the gateway for the economic productive methods. This article reveals the fabrication of graphene-based composite from aloe vera extract using a green method. The proposed mechanism of GO reduction via plant extract has also been mentioned in this work. The mechanism associated with the removal of dyes and heavy metals by graphene-based adsorbents and absorptive capacities of heavy metals has been discussed in detail. The toxicity of heavy metals has also been mentioned here. The Polyaromatic resonating system of GO develops significant π-π interactions with dyes whose base form comprises principally oxygenated functional groups. This review article illustrates a literature survey by classifying graphene-based composite with a global market value from 2010 to 2025 and also depicts a comparative study between green and chemical reduction methods. It presents state of art for the fabrication of GO with novel adsorbents such as metal, polymer, metal oxide and elastomers-based nanocomposites for the removal of pollutants. The current progress in the applications of graphene-based composites in antimicrobial, anticancer, drug delivery, and removal of dyes with photocatalytic efficacy of 73% is explored in this work. It gives a coherent overview of the green synthesis of graphene-based composite, various prospective for the fabrication of graphene, and their biotoxicity.

Three dimensional Graphene aerogels as binder-less, freestanding, elastic and high-performance electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

In this work it is shown how porous graphene aerogels fabricated by an eco-friendly and simple technological process, could be used as electrodes in lithium- ion batteries. The proposed graphene framework exhibited excellent performance including high reversible capacities, superior cycling stability and rate capability. A significantly lower temperature (75 °C) than the one currently utilized in battery manufacturing was utilized for self-assembly hence providing potential significant savings to the industrial production. After annealing at 600 °C, the formation of Sn-C-O bonds between the SnO₂ nanoparticles and the reduced graphene sheets will initiate synergistic effect and improve the electrochemical performance. The XPS patterns revealed the formation of Sn-C-O bonds. Both SEM and TEM imaging of the electrode material showed that the three dimensional network of graphene aerogels and the SnO₂ particles were distributed homogeneously on graphene sheets. Finally, the electrochemical properties of the samples as active anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were tested and examined by constant current charge–discharge cycling and the finding fully described in this manuscript.

A facile post-process method to enhance crystallinity and electrochemical properties of SnO2/rGO composites with three-dimensional hierarchically porous structure

In this work, three SnO₂/reduced graphene oxide (SnO₂/rGO) composites with a three-dimensional hierarchically porous structure were synthesized via freeze drying and different annealing temperatures in an air atmosphere.

Assembly of TiO2/graphene with macroporous 3D network framework as an advanced anode material for Li-ion batteries

Three-dimensional (3D) TiO₂–graphene frameworks (TGFs) with macroporous architecture were fabricated through the in situ synthesis of TiO₂ with the participation of graphene oxide followed by hydrothermal assembly.

A scalable formation of nano-SnO2 anode derived from tin metal–organic frameworks for lithium-ion battery

In this work, for the first time, we synthesize a SnO₂ nanomaterial through the calcination of tin metal–organic framework (MOF) precursors.