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Multi-Shaded Edible Films Based on Gelatin and Starch for the Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225020. [PMID: 36433147 PMCID: PMC9693176 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch and gelatin are natural biopolymers that offer a variety of benefits and are available at relatively low costs. In addition to this, they are an appealing substitute for synthetic polymers for the manufacturing of packaging films. Such packaging films are not only biodegradable but are also edible. Moreover, they are environmentally friendly and remain extremely cost-effective. In lieu of this, films made from fish gelatin and cornstarch have been the subject of several experiments. The pristine gelatin films have poor performance against water diffusion but exhibit excellent flexibility. The goal of this study was to assess the performance of pristine gelatin films along with the addition of food plasticizers. For this purpose, solutions of gelatin/cornstarch were prepared and specified quantities of food colors/plasticizers were added to develop different shades. The films were produced by using a blade coating method and were characterized by means of their shaded colors, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), compositional changes via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hardness, bendability, transparency, wettability, surface roughness, and thermal stability. It was observed that the addition of several food colors enhanced the moisture blocking effect, as a 10% reduction in WVTR was observed in the shaded films as compared to pristine films. The yellow-shaded films exhibited the lowest WVTR, i.e., around 73 g/m2·day when tested at 23 °C/65%RH. It was also observed that the films' WVTR, moisture content, and thickness were altered when different colors were added into them, although the chemical structure remained unchanged. The mechanical properties of the shaded films were improved by a factor of two after the addition of colored plasticizers. Optical examination and AFM demonstrated that the generated films had no fractures and were homogeneous, clear, and shiny. Finally, a biscuit was packaged in the developed films and was monitored via shore hardness. It was observed that the edible packed sample's hardness remained constant even after 5 days. This clearly suggested that the developed films have the potential to be used for packaging in various industries.
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Pisarek M, Ambroziak R, Hołdyński M, Roguska A, Majchrowicz A, Wysocki B, Kudelski A. Nanofunctionalization of Additively Manufactured Titanium Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Measurements. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093108. [PMID: 35591442 PMCID: PMC9101506 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Powder bed fusion using a laser beam (PBF-LB) is a commonly used additive manufacturing (3D printing) process for the fabrication of various parts from pure metals and their alloys. This work shows for the first time the possibility of using PBF-LB technology for the production of 3D titanium substrates (Ti 3D) for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. Thanks to the specific development of the 3D titanium surface and its nanoscale modification by the formation of TiO2 nanotubes with a diameter of ~80 nm by the anodic oxidation process, very efficient SERS substrates were obtained after deposition of silver nanoparticles (0.02 mg/cm2, magnetron sputtering). The average SERS enhancement factor equal to 1.26 × 106 was determined for pyridine (0.05 M + 0.1 M KCl), as a model adsorbate. The estimated enhancement factor is comparable with the data in the literature, and the substrate produced in this way is characterized by the high stability and repeatability of SERS measurements. The combination of the use of a printed metal substrate with nanofunctionalization opens a new path in the design of SERS substrates for applications in analytical chemistry. Methods such as SEM scanning microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used to determine the morphology, structure and chemical composition of the fabricated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Pisarek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Ambroziak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Marcin Hołdyński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Agata Roguska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (R.A.); (M.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Majchrowicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bartłomiej Wysocki
- Center of Digital Science and Technology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Kudelski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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Kyzioł K, Rajczyk J, Wolski K, Kyzioł A, Handke B, Kaczmarek Ł, Grzesik Z. Dual-purpose surface functionalization of Ti-6Al-7Nb involving oxygen plasma treatment and Si-DLC or chitosan-based coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111848. [PMID: 33579482 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The work presents a detailed study on the diamond-like structures doped with Si atoms and biopolymers-based coatings (chitosan, alginate) enriched with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) deposited on the Ti-6Al-7Nb substrate. Multilayers were obtained by Plasma Enhanced Radio Frequency Chemical Vapour Deposition (PE RF CVD) technique and subsequent deposition of biopolymers by immersion method. The impact of Si atoms and Ag NPs on chemical structure, microstructure, topography, cytotoxicity as well as the hardness and Young modulus of the resulting layers was precisely investigated. The most advantageous conditions of plasma functionalization in RF reactor were the mixture of O2-Ar-NH3 in volume ratio of 10/1/9 in the first stage of functionalization (pre-activation). In the case of Si-DLC coatings (up to ca. 19 at.%) the lower silane flow (4 cm3/min) resulted in significant decrease of surface roughness (up to ca. Ra = 0.71 nm) of modified surfaces and increase of hardness reaching ca. 900 nm depth into surface (up to ca. 16 GPa). The most attractive among biopolymer-based coating on Ti-6Al-7Nb in terms of biological activity was chitosan with Ag NPs (diameter of ca. 25 nm) with additional alginate layer. AFM analysis revealed a uniform distribution of Ag NPs in the chitosan matrix. This contributed to advantageous physicochemical and biological properties assuring proper cell adhesion and proliferation. Noteworthy, the resulting surface functionalization of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy did not cause significant cytotoxicity in vitro, giving a strong hope for perspective applications in implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kyzioł
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30 059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Julia Rajczyk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30 059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30 387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kyzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30 387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Handke
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30 059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Str. 1/15, 90 924 Łódz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Grzesik
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30 059 Kraków, Poland
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Mohan L, Kar S, Mahapatra PS, Nagai M, Santra TS. Fabrication of TiO 2 microspikes for highly efficient intracellular delivery by pulse laser-assisted photoporation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9336-9348. [PMID: 34276967 PMCID: PMC7611284 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09785c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of foreign cargo into living cells with high delivery efficiency and cell viability is a challenge in cell biology and biomedical research. Here, we demonstrate a nanosecond pulse laser-activated photoporation for highly efficient intracellular delivery using titanium dioxide (TiO2) microspikes as a substratum. The TiO2 microspikes were formed on titanium (Ti) substrate using an electrochemical anodization process. Cells were cultured on top of the TiO2 microspikes as a monolayer, and the biomolecule was added. Due to pulse laser exposure of the TiO2 microspike–cell membrane interface, the microspikes heat up and induce cavitation bubbles, which rapidly grow, coalesce and collapse to induce explosion, resulting in very strong fluid flow at the cell membrane surface. Thus, the cell plasma membrane disrupts and creates transient nanopores, allowing delivery of biomolecules into cells by a simple diffusion process. By this technique, we successfully delivered propidium iodide (PI) dye in HeLa cells with high delivery efficiency (93%) and high cell viability (98%) using 7 mJ pulse energy at 650 nm wavelength. Thus, our TiO2 microspike-based platform is compact, easy to use, and potentially applicable for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The introduction of foreign cargo into living cells with high delivery efficiency and cell viability by laser asisted photoporation on TiO2 microspikes platform.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mohan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
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Mohan L, Kar S, Nandhini B, Kumar SSD, Nagai M, Santra TS. Formation of nanostructures on magnesium alloy by anodization for potential biomedical applications. MATERIALS TODAY. COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 25:101403. [PMID: 34295953 PMCID: PMC7611340 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we have investigated the formation of nanostructures on AZ31 magnesium alloy using electrochemical anodization technique. The formed nanostructures were efficiently showed bone-like apatite formation followed by its gradual increase, when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) and it exhibited controlled degradation in 7 days. Cell viability study was performed using MG-63 cells (human osteosarcoma cell lines) and revealed that the nanostructured surface has excellent biocompatibility by enhancing both cell adhesion and cell growth. The detailed characterization of this anodized surface was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, surface-corrosion before and after anodization was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization studies in SBF. The in-depth studies bring out the fact that native oxide in the sample is converted to a biocompatible nanostructure, which is created due to anodization in a particular electrolyte solution containing ethylene glycol and hybrid hydrofluoric acid mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Mohan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B. Nandhini
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | | | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
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Pisarek M, Krawczyk M, Hołdyński M, Lisowski W. Plasma Nitriding of TiO 2 Nanotubes: N-Doping in Situ Investigations Using XPS. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8647-8658. [PMID: 32337428 PMCID: PMC7178339 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen doping of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) was investigated as a result of well-controlled plasma nitriding of TiO2 NTs at a low temperature. This way of nitrogen doping is proposed as an alternative to chemical/electrochemical methods. The plasma nitriding process was performed in a preparation chamber connected to an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrometer, and the nitrogen-doped TiO2 NTs were next investigated in situ by XPS in the same ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system. The collected high-resolution (HR) XPS spectra of N 1s, Ti 2p, O 1s, C 1s, and valence band (VB) revealed the formation of chemical bonds between titanium, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms as substitutional or interstitial species. Moreover, the results provided a characterization of the electronic states of N-TiO2 NTs generated by various plasma nitriding and annealing treatments. The VB XPS spectrum showed a reduction in the TiO2 band gap of about 0.6 eV for optimal nitriding and heat-treated conditions. The TiO2 NTs annealed at 450 or 650 °C in air (ex situ) and nitrided under UHV conditions were used as reference materials to check the formation of Ti-N bonds in the TiO2 lattice with a well-defined structure (anatase or a mixture of anatase and rutile). Scanning electron microscopy microscopic observations of the received materials were used to evaluate the morphology of the TiO2 NTs after each step of the nitriding and annealing treatments.
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Sasikumar Y, Indira K, Rajendran N. Surface Modification Methods for Titanium and Its Alloys and Their Corrosion Behavior in Biological Environment: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40735-019-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dehghani Mahmoudabadi Z, Eslami E. Synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes by atmospheric microplasma electrochemistry: Fabrication, characterization and TiO2 oxide film properties. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mohan L, Anandan C, Rajendran N. Drug release characteristics of quercetin-loaded TiO 2 nanotubes coated with chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1633-1638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Viswanathan S, Mohan L, John S, Bera P, Anandan C. Effect of surface finishing on the formation of nanostructure and corrosion behavior of Ni-Ti alloy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Viswanathan
- Surface Engineering Division; CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories; Bangalore 560017 India
| | | | - Siju John
- Surface Engineering Division; CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories; Bangalore 560017 India
| | - Parthasarathi Bera
- Surface Engineering Division; CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories; Bangalore 560017 India
| | - C. Anandan
- Surface Engineering Division; CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories; Bangalore 560017 India
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11
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Viswanathan S, Mohan L, Bera P, Anandan C. Effect of oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation on the formation of nanostructures over Ni–Ti alloy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ni–Ti alloy has been implanted with oxygen ions by plasma immersion ion implantation. Ni–Ti–O nanotubes are formed by anodic oxidation of oxygen implanted Ni–Ti alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Viswanathan
- Surface Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
- Bangalore 560017
- India
| | - L. Mohan
- Surface Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
- Bangalore 560017
- India
| | - Parthasarathi Bera
- Surface Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
- Bangalore 560017
- India
| | - C. Anandan
- Surface Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
- Bangalore 560017
- India
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Horikoshi S, Shirasaka Y, Uchida H, Horikoshi N, Serpone N. Facile preparation of N-doped TiO2at ambient temperature and pressure under UV light with 4-nitrophenol as the nitrogen source and its photocatalytic activities. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:1061-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00167j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the facile preparation of N-doped TiO2(P25) in aqueous media at ambient temperature and pressure under inert conditions with 4-nitrophenol as the nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Horikoshi
- Department of Materials & Life sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Yutaro Shirasaka
- Department of Materials & Life sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchida
- Department of Materials & Life sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | | | - Nick Serpone
- PhotoGreen Laboratory
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Universita di Pavia
- Pavia 27100
- Italy
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A Review on TiO2 Nanotubes: Influence of Anodization Parameters, Formation Mechanism, Properties, Corrosion Behavior, and Biomedical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40735-015-0024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Mohan L, Viswanathan S, Anandan C, Rajendran N. Corrosion behaviour of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) filled titania nano tubes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19625f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3D images of nanotube (a) TNT and ta-C filled TNT samples at (b) 0.5 min, (c) 1 min, (d) 2 min, (e) 5 min and (f) 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Mohan
- Surface Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
- Bangalore
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - S. Viswanathan
- Surface Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
- Bangalore
- India
| | - C. Anandan
- Surface Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
- Bangalore
- India
| | - N. Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry
- Anna University
- Chennai
- India
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