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Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based Organocatalysts and Their Application: A 15-Year Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052234. [PMID: 36903480 PMCID: PMC10005811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, chemists from Hoffmann-La Roche and Schering AG independently discovered a new asymmetric intramolecular aldol reaction catalyzed by the natural amino acid proline, a transformation now known as the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction. These remarkable results remained forgotten until List and Barbas reported in 2000 that L-proline was also able to catalyze intermolecular aldol reactions with non-negligible enantioselectivities. In the same year, MacMillan reported on asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions which were efficiently catalyzed by imidazolidinones deriving from natural amino acids. These two seminal reports marked the birth of modern asymmetric organocatalysis. A further important breakthrough in this field happened in 2005, when Jørgensen and Hayashi independently proposed the use of diarylprolinol silyl ethers for the asymmetric functionalization of aldehydes. During the last 20 years, asymmetric organocatalysis has emerged as a very powerful tool for the facile construction of complex molecular architectures. Along the way, a deeper knowledge of organocatalytic reaction mechanisms has been acquired, allowing for the fine-tuning of the structures of privileged catalysts or proposing completely new molecular entities that are able to efficiently catalyze these transformations. This review highlights the most recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of organocatalysts deriving from or related to proline, starting from 2008.
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Thiyagarajan R, Begum Z, Seki C, Okuyama Y, Kwon E, Uwai K, Tokiwa M, Tokiwa S, Takeshita M, Nakano H. New small γ-turn type N-primary amino terminal tripeptide organocatalyst for solvent-free asymmetric aldol reaction of various ketones with aldehydes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38925-38932. [PMID: 35493209 PMCID: PMC9044195 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
New small γ-turn type N-primary amino terminal tripeptides were synthesized and their functionality as an organocatalyst was examined in the asymmetric aldol reaction of various ketones with different aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free neat conditions to afford the desired chiral anti-aldol products in good to excellent chemical yields, diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities (up to 99%, up to syn : anti/13 : 87 dr, up to 99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Thiyagarajan
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto-cho Muroran 050-8585 Japan
| | - Zubeda Begum
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto-cho Muroran 050-8585 Japan
| | - Chigusa Seki
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto-cho Muroran 050-8585 Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University 4-4-1 Komatsushima Aoba-Ku Sendai 981-8558 Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Sciences,Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University 4-4-1 Komatsushima Aoba-Ku Sendai 981-8558 Japan
| | - Koji Uwai
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto-cho Muroran 050-8585 Japan
| | - Michio Tokiwa
- Tokiwakai Group 62 Numajiri Tsuduri-Chou Uchigo Iwaki 973-8053 Japan
| | - Suguru Tokiwa
- Tokiwakai Group 62 Numajiri Tsuduri-Chou Uchigo Iwaki 973-8053 Japan
| | | | - Hiroto Nakano
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto-cho Muroran 050-8585 Japan
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3
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Juaristi E. Recent developments in next generation (S)-proline-derived chiral organocatalysts. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Abstract
The aldol reaction which is the most important one among the C-C bond forming reactions,
is widely used by synthetic organic chemists to obtain β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds which are important
starting components for biologically active compounds in optically pure form. In this research,
five Pro-Phe derivatives were synthesized by simple amidation reactions and characterized by their
spectral data. Their catalytic activities in asymmetric aldol reaction were investigated. The catalytic
activity studies were performed with aliphatic ketones and various aromatic aldehydes. Especially, (S)-
methyl 3-mercapto-2-((S)-3-phenyl-2-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propanamido)propanoate showed
good catalytic activities in water at 0oC in the presence of p-nitrobenzoic acid cocatalyst. The enantioselectivities
were up to 90.4%, the diastereomeric ratios were up to 97/3 and yields were 99%. The
results showed that these organocatalysts were promising organocatalysts for aldol reaction. Besides,
this catalyst showed its best catalytic activities in water which is also an important contribution to
green chemistry requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Karaoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34010 Esenler, Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Feray Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34010 Esenler, Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Cigdem Yolacan
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34010 Esenler, Istanbul,Turkey
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Metrano AJ, Chinn AJ, Shugrue CR, Stone EA, Kim B, Miller SJ. Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11479-11615. [PMID: 32969640 PMCID: PMC8006536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight synthetic peptides have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for an increasingly wide array of asymmetric transformations. In many cases, these peptide-based catalysts have enabled novel multifunctional substrate activation modes and unprecedented selectivity manifolds. These features, along with their ease of preparation, modular and tunable structures, and often biomimetic attributes make peptides well-suited as chiral catalysts and of broad interest. Many examples of peptide-catalyzed asymmetric reactions have appeared in the literature since the last survey of this broad field in Chemical Reviews (Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5759-5812). The overarching goal of this new Review is to provide a comprehensive account of the numerous advances in the field. As a corollary to this goal, we survey the many different types of catalytic reactions, ranging from acylation to C-C bond formation, in which peptides have been successfully employed. In so doing, we devote significant discussion to the structural and mechanistic aspects of these reactions that are perhaps specific to peptide-based catalysts and their interactions with substrates and/or reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Metrano
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr., Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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Jassem AM, Raheemah AH, Radhi WA, Alid AM, Jaber HA. Highly Diastereoselective Metal-Free Catalytic Synthesis of Drug-Like Spiroimidazolidinone. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042801910021x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xu EJ, Song Y, Wei ZL, Wang R, Duan HF, Lin YJ, Yang QB, Li YX. Novel chiral proline-based organocatalysts with amide and thiourea–amine units for highly efficient asymmetric aldol reaction in saturated brine without additives. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel proline-based organocatalysts with amide and thiourea-amine units (7a–7f) were developed and evaluated in the asymmetric aldol reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde with cyclohexanone. The organocatalyst (7c or 7d, 5 mol%) exhibited efficient catalytic activity to afford aldol products in high diastereoselectivity (up to >99:1), enantioselectivity (up to >99%), and yield (up to >96%) at 0 °C in saturated brine without adding an acid. Aldol products of benzaldehyde derivatives almost universally provide high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Jie Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Yan Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Wei
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hai-Feng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying-Jie Lin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qing-Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yao-Xian Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Agirre M, Arrieta A, Arrastia I, Cossío FP. Organocatalysts Derived from Unnatural α-Amino Acids: Scope and Applications. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:44-66. [PMID: 30300971 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalytic properties of unnatural α-amino acids are reviewed. Post-translational derivatives of natural α-amino acids include 4-hydroxy-l-proline and 4-amino-l-proline scaffolds, and also proline homologues. The activity of synthetic unnatural α-amino acid-based organocatalysts, such as β-alkyl alanines, alanine-based phosphines, and tert-leucine derivatives, are reviewed herein. The organocatalytic properties of unnatural monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic proline derivatives are also reviewed. Several families of these organocatalysts permit the efficient and stereoselective synthesis of complex natural products. Most of the reviewed organocatalysts accelerate the reported reactions through covalent interactions that raise the HOMO (enamine intermediates) or lower the LUMO (iminium intermediates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalen Agirre
- Department of Organic Chemistry I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Arrieta
- Department of Organic Chemistry I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iosune Arrastia
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Department of Organic Chemistry I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
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Yamashita Y, Yasukawa T, Yoo WJ, Kitanosono T, Kobayashi S. Catalytic enantioselective aldol reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4388-4480. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00824d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in catalytic asymmetric aldol reactions have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yasukawa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Woo-Jin Yoo
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
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10
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Illa O, Porcar-Tost O, Robledillo C, Elvira C, Nolis P, Reiser O, Branchadell V, Ortuño RM. Stereoselectivity of Proline/Cyclobutane Amino Acid-Containing Peptide Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Aldol Additions: A Rationale. J Org Chem 2017; 83:350-363. [PMID: 29186658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Several α,β,α- or α,γ,α-tripeptides, consisting of a central cyclobutane β- or γ-amino acid being flanked by two d- or l-proline residues, have been synthesized and tested as organocatalysts in asymmetric aldol additions. High yields and enantioselectivities have been achieved with α,γ,α-tripeptides, being superior to peptides containing a cyclobutane β-amino acid residue. This is probably due to their high rigidity, which hinders some of the peptide catalysts to adopt the proper active conformation. This reasoning correlates with the major conformation of the peptides in the ground state, as suggested by 1H NMR and computational calculations. The configuration of the aldol products is controlled by the proline chirality, and consequently, the R/S configuration of aldol products can be tuned by the use of either commercially available d- or l-proline. The enantioselectivity in the aldol reactions is reversed if the reactions are carried out in the presence of water or other protic solvents such as methanol. Spectroscopic and theoretical investigations revealed that this effect is not the consequence of conformational changes in the catalyst but rather caused by the participation of a water molecule in the rate determining transition state, in such a way that the preferential nucleophilic attack is oriented to the opposite enantiotopic aldehyde face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona Illa
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oriol Porcar-Tost
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carme Robledillo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pau Nolis
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstr. 31, 95053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ortuño
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Obregón-Zúñiga A, Juaristi E. (2S,4R)-Hyp-(S)-Phe-OMe dipeptide supported on imidazolium tagged molecules as recoverable organocatalysts for asymmetric aldol reactions using water as reaction medium. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Lee HJ, Moteki SA, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Kumar RS, Liu Y, Maruoka K. Practical Synthesis of Two Different Pseudoenantiomeric Organocatalysts with cis
-Cyclohexanediamine Structure from a Common Chiral Source. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shin A. Moteki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I. Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; No.100 West Waihuan Road HEMC Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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14
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Zhu CL, Ma JA, Cahard D. Trifluorodiazoethane (CF3CHN2) in the Uncatalyzed Cyclopropanation of 3-Arylmethylenebenzofuran-2(3 H)-ones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Le Zhu
- UMR 6014 CNRS COBRA; Université de Rouen et INSA de Rouen; 1 Rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
- Department of Chemistry; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Dominique Cahard
- UMR 6014 CNRS COBRA; Université de Rouen et INSA de Rouen; 1 Rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
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Varga E, Mika LT, Csámpai A, Holczbauer T, Kardos G, Soós T. Mechanistic investigations of a bifunctional squaramide organocatalyst in asymmetric Michael reaction and observation of stereoselective retro-Michael reaction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19593d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cinchona–squaramide organocatalytic Michael addition was studied usingin situIR and NMR experiments. As a result, not only kinetic parameters were determined but a stereoselective retro-Michael reaction was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Varga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - László Tamás Mika
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Antal Csámpai
- Institute of Chemistry
- Eötvös Loránd University
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - György Kardos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
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