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Nowka M, Hilbig K, Schulze L, Jung E, Vietor T. Influence of Process Parameters in Material Extrusion on Product Properties Using the Example of the Electrical Resistivity of Conductive Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4452. [PMID: 38006176 PMCID: PMC10675492 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of components using the material extrusion (MEX) of thermoplastics enables the integration of multiple materials into a single part. This can include functional structures, such as electrically conductive ones. The resulting functional structure properties depend on the process parameters along the entire manufacturing chain. The aim of this investigation is to determine the influence of process parameters in filament production and additive manufacturing on resistivity. Filament is produced from a commercially available composite of polylactide (PLA) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB), while the temperature profile and screw speed were varied. MEX specimens were produced using a full-factorial variation in extrusion temperature, layer height and deposition speed from the most and least conductive in-house-produced filament and the commercially available filament from the same composite. The results show that the temperature profile during filament production influences the resistivity. The commercially available filament has a lower conductivity than the in-house-produced filament, even though the starting feedstock is the same. The process parameters during filament production are the main factors influencing the resistivity of an additively manufactured structure. The MEX process parameters have a minimal influence on the resistivity of the used PLA/CNT/CB composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Nowka
- Institute for Engineering Design, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hermann-Blenk-Str. 42, 38108 Brunswick, Germany; (K.H.); (L.S.); (T.V.)
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Li M, Chen Z. Thermo‐responsive polymers for thermal regulation in electrochemical energy devices. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Li
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Program of Chemical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Program of Chemical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Sustainable Power & Energy Center (SPEC) University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
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Xie Y, Tang J, Ye F, Liu P. Microwave-Assisted Sintering to Rapidly Construct a Segregated Structure in Low-Melt-Viscosity Poly(Lactic Acid) for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26116-26124. [PMID: 33073139 PMCID: PMC7558035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Formation of a segregated structure in conductive polymer composites is one of the most effective strategies for achieving good electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Nevertheless, for low-melt-viscosity poly(lactic acid) (PLA), intense molecular motion occurs at the molding temperature, which is detrimental to the fixation of the conductive networks. In this study, a novel molding technique assisted by microwave heating was proposed to construct a segregated structure in a PLA/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite. The coating layer of CNTs acted as the microwave absorber and caused intense localized heating of PLA surfaces upon microwave irradiation. The surface temperature of the PLA granule was precisely regulated by adjusting the coated CNT content, microwave power, and irradiation time. Thus, the coated granules were softened and fused at an optimal sintering zone, which effectively hindered the excessive migration of CNT strips into the interior of PLA phases, and a majority retained the original CNT network in the molded composite. Meanwhile, benefiting from microwave sintering, sufficient chain diffusion and entanglement occurred in the interfacial regions, enhancing the adhesion strength among the neighboring PLA phases. The prepared PLA/CNT composite with only 5.0 wt % CNTs exhibited a high electrical conductivity of 16.3 S/m and an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 36.7 dB at a frequency of 10.0 GHz. The results indicate that microwave-assisted sintering might be a promising alternative for constructing a segregated structure in low-melt-viscosity polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Xie
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer
Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiahong Tang
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer
Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fan Ye
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer
Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Pengju Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer
Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Jieshou Tianhong New Mat Co Ltd., Jieshou 236500, Peoples R China
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Wang K, Shen L, Song C, Zhang Y, Chen P. The electrical performance and conductive network of reduced graphene oxide‐coated ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene fibers through electrostatic interaction and covalent bonding. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), CAS Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Lu Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), CAS Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Changyuan Song
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), CAS Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), CAS Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Peng Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), CAS Ningbo 315201 China
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Tang J, Ye F, Xie Y, Liu P. Improved mechanical and electromagnetic interference shielding performance of segregated UHMWPE/CNTs via microwave-assisted sintering. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320933322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constructing the segregated networks is an efficient strategy to simultaneously achieve the high electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance in conductive polymer composites (CPCs). Herein, an advanced molding technique based on microwave (MW)-assisted sintering was proposed to prepare the segregated ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/carbon nanotube (UHMWPE/CNT) composites. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy images indicated that CNTs enriched on the surfaces of UHMWPE granules through ball milling, and the clear and complete conductive networks were observed in UHMWPE/CNT composites in the following MW sintering process, revealing that a perfect segregated structure was successfully constructed. The segregated UHMWPE/CNT composites exhibited an excellent electrical conductivity and EMI shielding performance of 49.3 S/m and 50 dB, respectively, along with a low percolation threshold of 0.10 vol%. Meanwhile, benefiting from the volumetric heating, an ideal mechanical property was also obtained in prepared composite by MW sintering. Compared with the conventional molding method, MW-assisted sintering shows its unique advantages, including better structural construction, shorter processing time, and lower energy consumption, which provides an efficient and environment-friendly method to fabricate CPCs with superior conductive and EMI shielding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen J, Zhu Y, Huang J, Zhang J, Pan D, Zhou J, Ryu JE, Umar A, Guo Z. Advances in Responsively Conductive Polymer Composites and Sensing Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1734818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinrui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaoxia Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Duo Pan
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juying Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jong E. Ryu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Qu M, Nilsson F, Schubert DW. Novel definition of the synergistic effect between carbon nanotubes and carbon black for electrical conductivity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:245703. [PMID: 30822767 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0bec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic ternary composites comprising poly(methy-methacrylate) (PMMA), carbon black (CB), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were extruded using a capillary rheometer and the electrical conductivities of the composites were measured and presented in a detailed contour plot covering a large range of filler fractions (up to 30 vol% CNTs, 20 vol% CB). A recent generic conductivity model for ternary composites was successfully validated using the conductivity measurements. When analyzing the conductivity measurements using four traditional definitions of 'synergy' between two conductive fillers, no clear synergetic effect was observed between CB and CNT. Also, when all the conductivity data for ternary CNT/CB composites from the existing literature was carefully gathered and analyzed, the number of confirmed occurrences of strong and convincing CNT/CB synergies was surprisingly low. Finally, a novel definition of synergy based on the physical aspect, in particular, its maximum, the 'synergasm', was defined in order to obtain a more precise instrument for revealing regions of potential synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchao Qu
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany. Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), key lab 'Advanced Fiber Technologies', Dr-Mack-Str. 77, D-90762, Fürth, Germany
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Shi S, Chen Y, Jing J, Yang L. Preparation and 3D-printing of highly conductive polylactic acid/carbon nanotube nanocomposites via local enrichment strategy. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29980-29986. [PMID: 35531510 PMCID: PMC9072133 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel local enrichment strategy was adopted to fabricate the highly conductive carbon nanotube/polylactic acid 3D-printed parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jingjing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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9
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Analysis of electrical and thermal conductivities of polyethersulfone-graphite based hybrid nanocomposites. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cui CH, Yan DX, Pang H, Jia LC, Bao Y, Jiang X, Li ZM. Towards efficient electromagnetic interference shielding performance for polyethylene composites by structuring segregated carbon black/graphite networks. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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