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Novo DC, Edgar KJ. Smart fluorescent polysaccharides: Recent developments and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121471. [PMID: 37985079 PMCID: PMC10661488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are ubiquitous, generally benign in nature, and compatible with many tissues in biomedical situations, making them appealing candidates for new materials such as therapeutic agents and sensors. Fluorescent labeling can create the ability to sensitively monitor distribution and transport of polysaccharide-based materials, which can for example further illuminate drug-delivery mechanisms and therefore improve design of delivery systems. Herein, we review fluorophore selection and ways of appending polysaccharides, utility of the product fluorescent polysaccharides as new smart materials, and their stimulus-responsive nature, with focus on their biomedical applications as environment-sensitive biosensors, imaging, and as molecular rulers. Further, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and future prospects for creation and use of these self-reporting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Novo
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; GlycoMIP, National Science Foundation Materials Innovation Platform, United States.
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Sacramento MMA, Borges J, Correia FJS, Calado R, Rodrigues JMM, Patrício SG, Mano JF. Green approaches for extraction, chemical modification and processing of marine polysaccharides for biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1041102. [PMID: 36568299 PMCID: PMC9773402 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, natural-origin polysaccharides have received increasing attention across different fields of application, including biomedicine and biotechnology, because of their specific physicochemical and biological properties that have afforded the fabrication of a plethora of multifunctional devices for healthcare applications. More recently, marine raw materials from fisheries and aquaculture have emerged as a highly sustainable approach to convert marine biomass into added-value polysaccharides for human benefit. Nowadays, significant efforts have been made to combine such circular bio-based approach with cost-effective and environmentally-friendly technologies that enable the isolation of marine-origin polysaccharides up to the final construction of a biomedical device, thus developing an entirely sustainable pipeline. In this regard, the present review intends to provide an up-to-date outlook on the current green extraction methodologies of marine-origin polysaccharides and their molecular engineering toolbox for designing a multitude of biomaterial platforms for healthcare. Furthermore, we discuss how to foster circular bio-based approaches to pursue the further development of added-value biomedical devices, while preserving the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Borges
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. S. Correia
- Laboratory of Scientific Illustration, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João M. M. Rodrigues
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal,*Correspondence: João M. M. Rodrigues, ; Sónia G. Patrício, ; João F. Mano,
| | - Sónia G. Patrício
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal,*Correspondence: João M. M. Rodrigues, ; Sónia G. Patrício, ; João F. Mano,
| | - João F. Mano
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal,*Correspondence: João M. M. Rodrigues, ; Sónia G. Patrício, ; João F. Mano,
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Three Polymers from the Sea: Unique Structures, Directional Modifications, and Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152482. [PMID: 34372087 PMCID: PMC8348450 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase of wounds and body damage, the clinical demand for antibacterial, hemostatic, and repairable biomaterials is increasing. Various types of biomedical materials have become research hotspots. Of these, and among materials derived from marine organisms, the research and application of alginate, chitosan, and collagen are the most common. Chitosan is mainly used as a hemostatic material in clinical applications, but due to problems such as the poor mechanical strength of a single component, the general antibacterial ability, and fast degradation speed research into the extraction process and modification mainly focuses on the improvement of the above-mentioned ability. Similarly, the research and modification of sodium alginate, used as a material for hemostasis and the repair of wounds, is mainly focused on the improvement of cell adhesion, hydrophilicity, degradation speed, mechanical properties, etc.; therefore, there are fewer marine biological collagen products. The research mainly focuses on immunogenicity removal and mechanical performance improvement. This article summarizes the source, molecular structure, and characteristics of alginate, chitosan, and collagen from marine organisms; and introduces the biological safety, clinical efficacy, and mechanism of action of these materials, as well as their extraction processes and material properties. Their modification and other issues are also discussed, and their potential clinical applications are examined.
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Chudasama NA, Sequeira RA, Moradiya K, Prasad K. Seaweed Polysaccharide Based Products and Materials: An Assessment on Their Production from a Sustainability Point of View. Molecules 2021; 26:2608. [PMID: 33947023 PMCID: PMC8124237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various natural polymers, polysaccharides are one of the oldest biopolymers present on the Earth. They play a very crucial role in the survival of both animals and plants. Due to the presence of hydroxyl functional groups in most of the polysaccharides, it is easy to prepare their chemical derivatives. Several polysaccharide derivatives are widely used in a number of industrial applications. The polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, etc., have several applications but due to some distinguished characteristic properties, seaweed polysaccharides are preferred in a number of applications. This review covers published literature on the seaweed polysaccharides, their origin, and extraction from seaweeds, application, and chemical modification. Derivatization of the polysaccharides to impart new functionalities by chemical modification such as esterification, amidation, amination, C-N bond formation, sulphation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and graft copolymerization is discussed. The suitability of extraction of seaweed polysaccharides such as agar, carrageenan, and alginate using ionic solvent systems from a sustainability point of view and future prospects for efficient extraction and functionalization of seaweed polysaccharides is also included in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishith A. Chudasama
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, CHARUSAT Campus, Charotar University of Sciences and Technology, Changa 388421, India;
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India; (R.A.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Rosy Alphons Sequeira
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India; (R.A.S.); (K.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kinjal Moradiya
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India; (R.A.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Kamalesh Prasad
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India; (R.A.S.); (K.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Prasannan A, Udomsin J, Tsai HC, Sivakumar M, Hu CC, Wang CF, Hung WS, Lai JY. Special wettable underwater superoleophobic material for effective simultaneous removal of high viscous insoluble oils and soluble dyes from wastewater. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Qureshi D, Nayak SK, Maji S, Kim D, Banerjee I, Pal K. Carrageenan: A Wonder Polymer from Marine Algae for Potential Drug Delivery Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1172-1186. [PMID: 31465278 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190425190754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advancement in the field of medical science, the idea of sustained release of the therapeutic agents in the patient's body has remained a major thrust for developing advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs). The critical requirement for fabricating these DDSs is to facilitate the delivery of their cargos in a spatio-temporal and pharmacokinetically-controlled manner. Albeit the synthetic polymer-based DDSs normally address the above-mentioned conditions, their potential cytotoxicity and high cost have ultimately constrained their success. Consequently, the utilization of natural polymers for the fabrication of tunable DDSs owing to their biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic nature can be regarded as a significant stride in the field of drug delivery. Marine environment serves as an untapped resource of varied range of materials such as polysaccharides, which can easily be utilized for developing various DDSs. METHODS Carrageenans are the sulfated polysaccharides that are extracted from the cell wall of red seaweeds. They exhibit an assimilation of various biological activities such as anti-thrombotic, anti-viral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties. The main aim of the presented review is threefold. The first one is to describe the unique physicochemical properties and structural composition of different types of carrageenans. The second is to illustrate the preparation methods of the different carrageenan-based macro- and micro-dimensional DDSs like hydrogels, microparticles, and microspheres respectively. Fabrication techniques of some advanced DDSs such as floating hydrogels, aerogels, and 3-D printed hydrogels have also been discussed in this review. Next, considerable attention has been paid to list down the recent applications of carrageenan-based polymeric architectures in the field of drug delivery. RESULTS Presence of structural variations among the different carrageenan types helps in regulating their temperature and ion-dependent sol-to-gel transition behavior. The constraint of low mechanical strength of reversible gels can be easily eradicated using chemical crosslinking techniques. Carrageenan based-microdimesional DDSs (e.g. microspheres, microparticles) can be utilized for easy and controlled drug administration. Moreover, carrageenans can be fabricated as 3-D printed hydrogels, floating hydrogels, and aerogels for controlled drug delivery applications. CONCLUSION In order to address the problems associated with many of the available DDSs, carrageenans are establishing their worth recently as potential drug carriers owing to their varied range of properties. Different architectures of carrageenans are currently being explored as advanced DDSs. In the near future, translation of carrageenan-based advanced DDSs in the clinical applications seems inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshad Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Suraj Kumar Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Samarendra Maji
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, India
| | - Doman Kim
- Department of International Agricultural Technology & Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Gwangwon, Korea
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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Chadar DA, Chudasama NA, Vadodariya N, Meena R, Prasad K, Siddhanta AK. Protein‐Mimicking Functions of Nano‐Size Monoamido Amino Acids Derived from Polysaccharides of Marine Origin. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dattatray A. Chadar
- Biotechnology and Phycology DivisionCSIR–Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
| | - Nishith A. Chudasama
- Biotechnology and Phycology DivisionCSIR–Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
| | - Nilesh Vadodariya
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative ResearchAnusandhan Bhavan 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry DivisionCSIR–Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B Marg Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
| | - Ramavatar Meena
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative ResearchAnusandhan Bhavan 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry DivisionCSIR–Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B Marg Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
| | - Kamalesh Prasad
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative ResearchAnusandhan Bhavan 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry DivisionCSIR–Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B Marg Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
| | - Arup K. Siddhanta
- Biotechnology and Phycology DivisionCSIR–Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative ResearchAnusandhan Bhavan 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi 110001 India
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Sanandiya ND, Vasudevan J, Das R, Lim CT, Fernandez JG. Stimuli-responsive injectable cellulose thixogel for cell encapsulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:1009-1017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Stubbe B, Graulus GJ, Reekmans G, Courtin T, Martins JC, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Adriaensens P. A straightforward method for quantification of vinyl functionalized water soluble alginates via 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:722-729. [PMID: 31078596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alginates are fairly abundant in nature and possess many interesting properties, including their biocompatibility and ability to absorb large amounts of water. Hence, increasing interest in their derivatization has been observed and the determination of the number of newly introduced functionalities has become a key issue. For this purpose, literature generally reports on conventional 1H-NMR spectra, typically recorded at elevated temperatures and/or after hydrolysis of the alginate to circumvent line broadening effects resulting from the high viscosity. The present work reports on the modification of alginate with methacrylate functionalities and determination of the resulting degree of substitution (DS), i.e. the number of introduced methacrylate moieties relative to the initial amount of hydroxyl groups along the alginate backbone, via NMR spectroscopy. Freeze-drying and low power water presaturation were applied to improve the quality of the 1H NMR spectra. Nevertheless, it remains a qualitative method, to be used only for mutual comparisons of samples. A new and accurate method for DS determination of methacrylated alginates, based on 13C-NMR spectroscopy, is proposed. Quantitative 13C-NMR spectra were recorded with reduced measuring times by addition of a paramagnetic relaxation agent. The proposed method will also be applicable for other water-soluble functionalized alginates and polysaccharides in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stubbe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Building S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - G-J Graulus
- Biomolecule Design Group, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - G Reekmans
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - T Courtin
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Building S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Building S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Building S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Building S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - P Adriaensens
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Sharma AK, Chudasama NA, Prasad K, Siddhanta AK. Agarose based large molecular systems: Synthesis of fluorescent aromatic agarose amino acid nano-conjugates - their pH-stimulated structural variations and interactions with BSA. Carbohydr Res 2017; 449:37-46. [PMID: 28688271 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two new nano-sized fluorescent 6-amino agarose naphthalic acid half ester derivatives were synthesized (ca.60% yields) employing 1,8- and 2,3-naphthalic acid anhydrides (1,8-AANE, and 2,3-AANE respectively). These large nano molecular frameworks (DLS 3 & 100 nm, and 3 & 152 nm respectively) contains amino, naphthalate half-ester carboxyl groups at the C-6 positions of the 1,3-β-D-galactopyranose moieties of the agarose backbone (overall DS 0.94). Structures were characterized (FT-IR, and 13C &1H NMR spectrometries). These materials mimicked a large protein conjugate (GPC 123, and 108 kDa) exhibiting pH-responsive conformational variations (optical rotatory dispersion), offering a mixed solubility pattern like a soluble random coil (pH 4-10), and precipitate (pH 2) formation. With bovine serum albumin 1,8- and 2,3-AANE showed complexation, and decomplexation at pH 5.2, and 6.8 respectively. However, they showed decomplexation, and complexation respectively at pH 10 (circular dichroism). These fluorogenic systems may be of prospective utility as chiral sensors and in the realms demanding the virtues of preferential protein bindings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K Sharma
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, Anusandhan Bhavan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Nishith A Chudasama
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002 Gujarat, India
| | - Kamalesh Prasad
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, Anusandhan Bhavan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhavan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002 Gujarat, India.
| | - A K Siddhanta
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, Anusandhan Bhavan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhavan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
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Synthesis and characterization of alginic acid ester derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 171:229-235. [PMID: 28578958 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Esters derivatives of alginic acid (Alg) were prepared in carboxylic acid/carboxylic acid anhydrides system by using aqueous perchloric acid as the catalyst. Degree of substitution of hydroxyl group of Alg was estimated to be 2, showing that the hydroxyl group of Alg was fully esterified. Alg acid esters showed the solubility to common organic solvents such as acetone and chloroform. In particular, alginic acid hexanoate formed self-standing solvent-cast film, although the film showed brittle mechanical behavior. Furthermore, Alg esters showed glass transition temperature (Tg) in a temperature range between 100 and 200°C, that is in the same range as the conventional synthetic amorphous polymers. It was also shown that the Tg gradually lowered with the increasing acyl side chain length. These results show that Alg esters are plastic materials with tunable organosolubility and thermal properties.
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Keshavarzipour F, Tavakol H. Zinc cation supported on carrageenan magnetic nanoparticles: A novel, green and efficient catalytic system for one-pot three-component synthesis of quinoline derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chudasama NA, Prasad K, Siddhanta AK. Agarose functionalization: Synthesis of PEG-agarose amino acid nano-conjugate - its structural ramifications and interactions with BSA in a varying pH regime. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:735-742. [PMID: 27474620 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In a rapid one-step method protein-mimicking large agarose amino acid framework (AAE; GPC 156.7kDa) was conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 9kDa) affording nano-sized PEGylated amphoteric agarose (PEG-AAE; <10nm; DLS) containing amino, carboxyl and ester groups [overall degree of substitution (DS) 0.91]. The PEG groups were at the residual free carboxylic acid groups of succinate half-ester moiety at C-6 positions of the 1, 3 β-d-galactopyranose moieties of AAE. This new nano-sized PEG-AAE performed like a giant protein conjugate (GPC 331.2kDa) and exhibited pH-responsive interconversion between the triple helix and single-stranded random structures (optical rotatory dispersion) presenting a mixed solubility pattern like random coil (soluble), helical (soluble) and aggregate (precipitation) formations. Circular dichroism studies showed its pH-dependent complexation and decomplexation with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Such pH-responsive PEG-conjugate may be of pronounced therapeutic potential in the area of pharmacology as well as in sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishith A Chudasama
- Natural Product and Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002 Gujarat, India
| | - Kamalesh Prasad
- Natural Product and Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002 Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhavan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Arup Kumar Siddhanta
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002 Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhavan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
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Jeyaraj M, Praphakar RA, Rajendran C, Ponnamma D, Sadasivuni KK, Munusamy MA, Rajan M. Surface functionalization of natural lignin isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller biomass by atom transfer radical polymerization for enhanced anticancer efficacy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin (LIG), one of the major natural polymers in the biomass is widely used for various industrial and biomedical applications, mainly in its modified form of grafted lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugaraj Jeyaraj
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Guindy Campus
- Chennai-25
- India
| | - Rajendran Amarnath Praphakar
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-21
| | - Chinnusamy Rajendran
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-21
| | | | | | - Murugan A. Munusamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-21
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Chudasama NA, Siddhanta AK. Facile synthesis of nano-sized agarose based amino acid-Its pH-dependent protein-like behavior and interactions with bovine serum albumin. Carbohydr Res 2015; 417:57-65. [PMID: 26413976 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In a facile synthesis agarose was amphoterically functionalized to afford nano-sized agarose amino acids, aminoagarose succinate half-esters (AAE) containing one pendant carboxyl group. Nano-sized AAEs (<10 nm; DLS) were characterized and they had three various degrees of substitution [overall DSs 0.88, 0.89 and 0.96], both the amino and half-ester groups were placed on C-6 positions of the 1,3 beta-d-galactopyranose moieties of agarose backbone ((13)C NMR). AAEs performed like large protein molecules exhibiting pH-responsive structural variations (optical rotatory dispersion), presenting a mixed solubility pattern like random coil (soluble) and aggregate (precipitation) formations. Circular dichroism studies showed their pH-dependent associative interactions with bovine serum albumin, which indicated complexation at acidic and basic pHs, and decomplexation at pH 6.8 with AAE (DS 0.96). Thus, these nano-sized AAE based systems may be of potential utility in the domains demanding the merits of preferential protein bindings e.g. pH-responsive cationic/anionic drug carrier, separations or chiral sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishith A Chudasama
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Siddhanta
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhavan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
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