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Yellow-to-transmissive electrochromic poly(dibenzothiophene/dibenzofuran-bithiophene). J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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2
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Wang W, Lynch VM, Guo H, Datta A, Jones RA. Electropolymerizable N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of Rh and Ir with enantiotropic polymorphic phases. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2264-2272. [PMID: 32016215 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04844h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New Rh (1) and Ir (2) complexes of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) featuring a terthiophene backbone were synthesized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 1 and 2 at 100 K and 298 K respectively, revealed two enantiotropic polymorphic phases with similar lattice parameters for each compound. The transition temperature between two crystalline forms for each compound was determined by measuring the percentage of reflections with a different space group ranging from 100 K to 298 K. Both 1 and 2 were also found to catalyze the hydrogen transfer reaction. The conducting metallopolymers poly-1 and poly-2 were synthesized from oxidative electropolymerization of 1 and 2, respectively, in CH2Cl2 electrolyte solution on indium tin oxide-(ITO) coated glass. The electrochromic properties of synthesized conducting metallopolymers were studied by UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
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Wang W, Guo H, Jones RA. Synthesis and electropolymerization of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) from an emissive imidazolium salt with a terthiophene backbone. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14440-14449. [PMID: 31524212 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an emissive terthiophene-based imidazolium iodide: 1,3-dimethyl-4,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)-thienoimidazol-3-ium iodide (4), the corresponding N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) preligand, and Pd and Pt-NHC complexes (5a, 5b) are reported. A related Pd-NHC complex (8) with a mono-thiophene backbone has also been synthesized. The solid-state structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compounds 4, 5a and 5b were characterized by absorption/emission spectroscopy and an emission-quench phenomenon of 5a was observed. The Pd complexes 5a and 8 were shown to catalyze Heck type C-C bond forming reactions. The compounds with terthiophene backbones (4, 5a, 5b) were electropolymerized onto indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrodes to yield thin films of conducting metallopolymers (CMPs) (P1-3). UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry data of P1-3 showed reversible color changes upon oxidation due to the generation of charge carrier species along the polythiophene backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Hongyu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Richard A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
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Smith CA, Narouz MR, Lummis PA, Singh I, Nazemi A, Li CH, Crudden CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Materials Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4986-5056. [PMID: 30938514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become one of the most widely studied class of ligands in molecular chemistry and have found applications in fields as varied as catalysis, the stabilization of reactive molecular fragments, and biochemistry. More recently, NHCs have found applications in materials chemistry and have allowed for the functionalization of surfaces, polymers, nanoparticles, and discrete, well-defined clusters. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at recent advances in the use of NHCs for the development of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christene A Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Paul A Lummis
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, ITbM-WPI , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Chikusa 464-8601 , Japan
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Wang Y, Astruc D, Abd-El-Aziz AS. Metallopolymers for advanced sustainable applications. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:558-636. [PMID: 30506080 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the development of metallopolymers, there has been tremendous interest in the applications of this type of materials. The interest in these materials stems from their potential use in industry as catalysts, biomedical agents in healthcare, energy storage and production as well as climate change mitigation. The past two decades have clearly shown exponential growth in the development of many new classes of metallopolymers that address these issues. Today, metallopolymers are considered to be at the forefront for discovering new and sustainable heterogeneous catalysts, therapeutics for drug-resistant diseases, energy storage and photovoltaics, molecular barometers and thermometers, as well as carbon dioxide sequesters. The focus of this review is to highlight the advances in design of metallopolymers with specific sustainable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Wang
- Liaocheng University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 252059, Liaocheng, China.
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Nguyen MT, Jones RA, Holliday BJ. Recent advances in the functional applications of conducting metallopolymers. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cao J, Tian H. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Protected Ag Nanoparticles Immobilized on Polyacrylonitrile Fiber as Efficient Catalysts for a Three-Component Coupling Reaction. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1561-1569. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine; Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine; Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin 300192 China
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Said MA, Soganci T, Karakus M, Ak M. Simple and rapid synthesis of conducting metallopolymers, their electrochemical characterizations and application in electrochromics. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liang Y, Strohecker D, Lynch V, Holliday BJ, Jones RA. A Thiophene-Containing Conductive Metallopolymer Using an Fe(II) Bis(terpyridine) Core for Electrochromic Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34568-34580. [PMID: 27936553 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three Fe(II) bis(terpyridine)-based complexes with thiophene (Fe(L1)2), bithiophene (Fe(L2)2), and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (Fe(L3)2) side chains were designed and synthesized for the purpose of providing two terminal active sites for electrochemical polymerization. The corresponding metallopolymers (poly-Fe(Ln)2, n = 2 or 3) were synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates via oxidative electropolymerization of the thiophene-substituted monomers and characterized using electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The film poly-Fe(L2)2 was further studied for electrochromic (EC) color-switching properties and fabricated into a solid-state EC device. Poly-Fe(L2)2 films exhibit an intense MLCT absorption band at 596 nm (ε = 4.7 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in the UV-vis spectra without any applied voltage. Upon application of low potentials (between 1.1 and 0.4 V vs Fc+/Fc), the obtained electropolymerized film exhibited great contrast with a change of transmittance percentage (ΔT%) of 40% and a high coloration efficiency of 3823 cm2 C-1 with a switching time of 1 s. The film demonstrates commonplace stability and reversibility with a 10% loss in peak current intensity after 200 cyclic voltammetry cycles and almost no loss in change of transmittance (ΔT%) after 900 potential switches between 1.1 and 0.4 V (vs Fc+/Fc) with a time interval of 0.75 s. The electropolymerization of Fe(L2)2 provides convenient and controllable film fabrication. Electrochromic behavior was also achieved in a solid-state device composed of a poly-Fe(L2)2 film and a polymer-supported electrolyte sandwiched between two ITO-coated glass electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Daniel Strohecker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | | | - Richard A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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