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Li Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Zhang L, Shao H, Wang X, Zhang W. Photoaging of Baby Bottle-Derived Polyethersulfone and Polyphenylsulfone Microplastics and the Resulting Bisphenol S Release. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3033-3044. [PMID: 35142490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the release of bisphenol S (BPS) from polyethersulfone (PES) and polyphenylsulfone microplastics (MPs) derived from baby bottles under UV irradiation. Released BPS fluctuates over time because it undergoes photolysis under UV254 irradiation. Under UV365 irradiation, the highest released concentration at 50 °C was 1.7 and 3.2 times that at 35 and 25 °C, respectively, as the activation energy of the photochemical reactions responsible for MP decay was reduced at high temperatures. Low concentrations of humic acid (HA, ≤10 mg·L-1) promote BPS release because HA acts as a photosensitizer. A high concentration of HA (10∼50 mg·L-1) decreases the BPS release because HA shields MPs from light and scavenges reactive radicals that are produced via photochemical reactions. For example, under UV irradiation, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) attack results in the breakage of ether bonds and the formation of phenyl radicals (Ph•) and phenoxy radicals (Ph-O•).The•OH addition and hydrogen extractions further produce BPS from the decayed MPs. A leaching kinetics model was developed and calibrated by the experimental data. The calibrated model predicts the equilibrium level of BPS release from MPs that varies with the surface coverage density of BPS and leaching rate constants. This study provides groundwork that deepens our understanding of environmental aging and the chemical release of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Heng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Sanzaro S, Zontone F, Grosso D, Bottein T, Neri F, Smecca E, Mannino G, Bongiorno C, Spinella C, La Magna A, Alberti A. Bimodal Porosity and Stability of a TiO 2 Gig-Lox Sponge Infiltrated with Methyl-Ammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1300. [PMID: 31514348 PMCID: PMC6781015 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We created a blend between a TiO2 sponge with bimodal porosity and a Methyl-Ammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite. The interpenetration of the two materials is effective thanks to the peculiar sponge structure. During the early stages of the growth of the TiO2 sponge, the formation of 5-10 nm-large TiO2 auto-seeds is observed which set the micro-porosity (<5 nm) of the layer, maintained during further growth. In a second stage, the auto-seeds aggregate into hundreds-of-nm-large meso-structures by their mutual shadowing of the grazing Ti flux for local oxidation. This process generates meso-pores (10-100 nm) treading across the growing layer, as accessed by tomographic synchrotron radiation coherent X-ray imaging and environmental ellipsometric porosimetry. The distributions of pore size are extracted before (>47% V) and after MAPbI3 loading, and after blend ageing, unfolding a starting pore filling above 80% in volume. The degradation of the perovskite in the blend follows a standard path towards PbI2 accompanied by the concomitant release of volatile species, with an activation energy of 0.87 eV under humid air. The use of dry nitrogen as environmental condition has a positive impact in increasing this energy by ~0.1 eV that extends the half-life of the material to 7 months under continuous operation at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sanzaro
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII n°5, 95121 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Federico Zontone
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - David Grosso
- Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP) Aix-Marseille Université, 13397 Marseille CEDEX 20, France.
| | - Thomas Bottein
- Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP) Aix-Marseille Université, 13397 Marseille CEDEX 20, France.
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Smecca
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII n°5, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mannino
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII n°5, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Corrado Bongiorno
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII n°5, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Corrado Spinella
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII n°5, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonino La Magna
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII n°5, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Alberti
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII n°5, 95121 Catania, Italy.
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Ups and Downs of Water Photodecolorization by Nanocomposite Polymer Nanofibers. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020250. [PMID: 30759854 PMCID: PMC6410213 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the exponentially expanding water pollution causing water scarcity, there is an urgent need for operative nanotechnological systems that can purify water, with insignificant energy consumption, and rapidly. Here, we introduce a nanocomposite system based on TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and PES nanofibers (NFs) that can adsorb and then photodecompose organic water pollutants such as dye molecules. We evaluate pros and cons of this system with respect to its purification efficiency and structural properties that can be impacted by the photocatalytic activity of the nanofillers. While the material is superhydrophilic and able to remove 95% methylene blue (MB) from water via adsorption/photodecomposition, its thermomechanical properties decline upon UV irradiation. However, these properties still remain at the level of the neat NFs. The removal behavior is modeled by the first- and second-order kinetic models from the kinetic point of view. The nanocomposite NFs’ removal behavior complies much better with the second-order kinetic model. Overall, such feedbacks implied that the nanocomposite can be effectively applied for water treatment and the structural properties are still as reliable as those of the neat counterpart.
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Ognibene G, Gangemi CMA, D’Urso A, Purrello R, Cicala G, Fragalà ME. Combined Approach To Remove and Fast Detect Heavy Metals in Water Based on PES-TiO 2 Electrospun Mats and Porphyrin Chemosensors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7182-7190. [PMID: 31458880 PMCID: PMC6644496 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid poly(ether sulfones) (PES)-TiO2 electrospun mats are used as selective filters to remove lead and zinc ions from water. Presence of TiO2 is functional to trigger fiber's surface charge that allows for better performances in terms of ionic adsorption with respect to bare PES mats. Temperature increase promotes a speed up of ion removal. Ability of electrospun mats to retain adsorbed ions is proven by washing procedures, which confirm the lack of released Pb2+ in solution, even after sonication. To detect presence of metal ions in aqueous solutions, water-soluble porphyrins are used as chemosensors, which are able to provide fast, in-field, and real-time analysis. In particular, cationic H2T4 metalation, occurring both in solution or at transparent glass surface, allows for a straightforward spectrophotometric (UV-vis) detection of metal ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ognibene
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM UdR di Catania and Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara M. A. Gangemi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM UdR di Catania and Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro D’Urso
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM UdR di Catania and Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM UdR di Catania and Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cicala
- DICAR, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Fragalà
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM UdR di Catania and Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
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Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors (PMRs) in Water Treatment: Configurations and Influencing Factors. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7080224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Sanzaro S, Smecca E, Mannino G, Bongiorno C, Pellegrino G, Neri F, Malandrino G, Catalano MR, Condorelli GG, Iacobellis R, De Marco L, Spinella C, La Magna A, Alberti A. Multi-Scale-Porosity TiO 2 scaffolds grown by innovative sputtering methods for high throughput hybrid photovoltaics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39509. [PMID: 28000743 PMCID: PMC5175132 DOI: 10.1038/srep39509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose an up-scalable, reliable, contamination-free, rod-like TiO2 material grown by a new method based on sputtering deposition concepts which offers a multi-scale porosity, namely: an intra-rods nano-porosity (1–5 nm) arising from the Thornton’s conditions and an extra-rods meso-porosity (10–50 nm) originating from the spatial separation of the Titanium and Oxygen sources combined with a grazing Ti flux. The procedure is simple, since it does not require any template layer to trigger the nano-structuring, and versatile, since porosity and layer thickness can be easily tuned; it is empowered by the lack of contaminations/solvents and by the structural stability of the material (at least) up to 500 °C. Our material gains porosity, stability and infiltration capability superior if compared to conventionally sputtered TiO2 layers. Its competition level with chemically synthesized reference counterparts is doubly demonstrated: in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, by the infiltration and chemisorption of N-719 dye (∼1 × 1020 molecules/cm3); and in Perovskite Solar Cells, by the capillary infiltration of solution processed CH3NH3PbI3 which allowed reaching efficiency of 11.7%. Based on the demonstrated attitude of the material to be functionalized, its surface activity could be differently tailored on other molecules or gas species or liquids to enlarge the range of application in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sanzaro
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII no. 5, Catania 95121, Italy.,University of Messina, Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Sciences, V. le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Emanuele Smecca
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII no. 5, Catania 95121, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mannino
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII no. 5, Catania 95121, Italy
| | - Corrado Bongiorno
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII no. 5, Catania 95121, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pellegrino
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII no. 5, Catania 95121, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- University of Messina, Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Sciences, V. le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Graziella Malandrino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V. le Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Catalano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V. le Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Rosabianca Iacobellis
- Italian Institute of Technology Foundation-Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnology (IIT-CBN) Via Barsanti sn, 73010, Arnesano, Italy.,University of Salento, Department of Innovation Engineering, Via per Monteroni 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luisa De Marco
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-Nanotec), District of Technology, Via Arnesano 16, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Corrado Spinella
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII no. 5, Catania 95121, Italy
| | - Antonino La Magna
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII no. 5, Catania 95121, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alberti
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale-Strada VIII no. 5, Catania 95121, Italy
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Ognibene G, Cristaldi DA, Fiorenza R, Blanco I, Cicala G, Scirè S, Fragalà ME. Photoactivity of hierarchically nanostructured ZnO–PES fibre mats for water treatments. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06854e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brush-like ZnO nanorods shell grown by CBD onto electrospun PES fibres as photocatalytic membranes for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ognibene
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- University of Catania
- 95123 Catania
- Italy
| | - D. A. Cristaldi
- Department of Chemical Science and INSTM UdR Catania
- University of Catania
- I-95123 Catania
- Italy
| | - R. Fiorenza
- Department of Chemical Science and INSTM UdR Catania
- University of Catania
- I-95123 Catania
- Italy
| | - I. Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- University of Catania
- 95123 Catania
- Italy
| | - G. Cicala
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- University of Catania
- 95123 Catania
- Italy
| | - S. Scirè
- Department of Chemical Science and INSTM UdR Catania
- University of Catania
- I-95123 Catania
- Italy
| | - M. E. Fragalà
- Department of Chemical Science and INSTM UdR Catania
- University of Catania
- I-95123 Catania
- Italy
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