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Zhang K, Ren X, Chen J, Wang C, He S, Chen X, Xiong T, Su J, Wang S, Zhu W, Zhang J, Wu L. Particle Design and Inhalation Delivery of Iodine for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:189. [PMID: 35804252 PMCID: PMC9282151 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by upper respiratory tract (URT) and pulmonary infections have been a serious threat to human health for millennia and lack of targeted effective therapeutic techniques. In this study, two kinds of cyclodextrin particles with typical particle shapes of nanocubes and microbars were synthesized through a facile process. Subsequently, the particles were used as carriers for loading and stabilizing iodine and characterizations were performed to demonstrate the loading mechanism. Next-generation impactor (NGI) experiments showed that iodine-loaded microbars (I2@microbars) had a deposition rate of 79.75% in URT, while iodine-loaded nanocubes (I2@nanocubes) were delivered to the deep lungs with a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 46.30%. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicated that the iodine-loaded nanocubes and microbars had similar bactericidal effect to povidone iodine solution. Cell viability studies and extracellular pro-inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) evaluations demonstrate noncytotoxic effects of the blank carriers and anti-inflammatory effects of iodine-loaded samples. The irritation of the rat pharynx by I2@microbars was evaluated for the behavioral observations, body weight changes, histopathological studies, and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in pharyngeal tissues. The results showed that I2@microbars had no irritation to rat pharyngeal tissues at therapeutic doses. In conclusion, the present study provides novel treatment of URT infections via supramolecular cyclodextrin carriers for URT local therapy with iodine loading by a solvent-free method, which enhances the stability and reduces the inherent irritation without inhibiting their antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China.,Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Caifen Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Siyu He
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaojin Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiawen Su
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China.,Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China. .,Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210000, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China. .,Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Thermal Stability and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Poly( ε-caprolactone)/Chitosan Composite Membranes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195538. [PMID: 34639932 PMCID: PMC8509319 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan (CS) are widely used as biodegradable and biocompatible polymers with desirable properties for tissue engineering applications. Composite membranes (CS-PCL) with various blend ratios (CS:PCL, w/w) of 0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, and 100:0 were successfully prepared by lyophilization. The thermal stabilities of the CS-PCL membranes were systematically characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), dynamic thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was shown that the blend ratio of PCL and CS had a significant effect on the thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and dynamic mechanical viscoelasticity of the CS-PCL membranes. All the samples in the experimental range exhibited high elasticity at low temperature and high viscosity at high temperatures by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The performances of the CS-PCL membranes were at optimum levels when the blend ratio (w/w) was 10:90. The glass transition temperature of the CS-PCL membranes increased from 64.8 °C to 76.6 °C compared to that of the pure PCL, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature reached 86.7 °C. The crystallinity and porosity went up to 29.97% and 85.61%, respectively, while the tensile strength and elongation at the breakage were 20.036 MPa and 198.72%, respectively. Therefore, the 10:90 (w/w) blend ratio of CS/PCL is recommended to prepare CS-PCL membranes for tissue engineering applications.
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A Portable Device for the Generation of Drug-Loaded Three-Compartmental Fibers Containing Metronidazole and Iodine for Topical Application. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040373. [PMID: 32325670 PMCID: PMC7238112 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of combination therapies for the treatment of a range of conditions is now well established, with the component drugs usually being delivered either as distinct medicaments or combination products that contain physical mixes of the two active ingredients. There is, however, a compelling argument for the development of compartmentalised systems whereby the release, stability and incorporation environment of the different drugs may be tailored. Here we outline the development of polymeric fine fiber systems whereby two drugs used for the treatment of wounds may be separately incorporated. Fibers were delivered using a newly developed handheld electrospinning device that allows treatment at the site of need. Crucially, the delivery system is portable and may be used for the administration of drug-loaded fibers directly into the wound in situ, thereby potentially allowing domiciliary or site-of-trauma administration. The three-layered fiber developed in this study has polyethylene glycol as the outermost layer, serving as a structural support for the inner layers. The inner layers comprised iodine complexed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and metronidazole dispersed in polycaprolactone (PCL) as a slow release core. The systems were characterized in terms of structure and architecture using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and diffractometry. As antibacterial creams are still used for managing infected wounds, the performance of our trilayered fiber was studied in comparison with creams containing similar active drugs. Drug release was measured by UV analysis, while antimicrobial efficiency was measured using agar diffusion and suspension methods. It was found that the trilayered systems, averaging 3.16 µm in diameter, released more drug over the study period and were confirmed by the microbacterial studies to be more effective against P. aeruginosa, a bacterium commonly implicated in infected wounds. Overall, the portable system has been shown to be capable of not only incorporating the two drugs in distinct layers but also of delivering adequate amounts of drugs for a more effective antibacterial activity. The portability of the device and its ability to generate distinct layers of multiple active ingredients make it promising for further development for wound healing applications in terms of both practical applicability and antimicrobial efficacy.
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