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Ferreira JCC, Gonçalves MST, Preto A, Sousa MJ. Anticancer Activity of Benzo[ a]phenoxazine Compounds Promoting Lysosomal Dysfunction. Cells 2024; 13:1385. [PMID: 39195273 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific cancer therapy remains a problem to be solved. Breast and colorectal cancer are among the cancers with the highest prevalence and mortality rates. Although there are some therapeutic options, there are still few effective agents for those cancers, which constitutes a clinical problem that requires further research efforts. Lysosomes play an important role in cancer cells' survival, and targeting lysosomes has gained increased interest. In recent years, our team has been synthetizing and testing novel benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives, as they have been shown to possess potent pharmacological activities. Here, we investigated the anticancer activity of three of the most potent derivatives from our library, C9, A36, and A42, on colorectal- and breast-cancer-derived cell lines, and compared this with the effect on non-neoplastic cell lines. We observed that the three compounds were selective for the cancer cells, namely the RKO colorectal cancer cell line and the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. In both models, the compounds reduced cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration, accumulated on the lysosome, and induced cell death accompanied by lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), increasing the intracellular pH and ROS accumulation. Our results demonstrated that these compounds specifically target lysosomes from cancer cells, making them promising candidates as LMP inducers for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Canossa Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M Sameiro T Gonçalves
- Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Targeting Lysosomes in Colorectal Cancer: Exploring the Anticancer Activity of a New Benzo[ a]phenoxazine Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010614. [PMID: 36614056 PMCID: PMC9820173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been ranked as one of the cancer types with a higher incidence and one of the most mortal. There are limited therapies available for CRC, which urges the finding of intracellular targets and the discovery of new drugs for innovative therapeutic approaches. In addition to the limited number of effective anticancer agents approved for use in humans, CRC resistance and secondary effects stemming from classical chemotherapy remain a major clinical problem, reinforcing the need for the development of novel drugs. In the recent years, the phenoxazines derivatives, Nile Blue analogues, have been shown to possess anticancer activity, which has created interest in exploring the potential of these compounds as anticancer drugs. In this context, we have synthetized and evaluated the anticancer activity of different benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives for CRC therapy. Our results revealed that one particular compound, BaP1, displayed promising anticancer activity against CRC cells. We found that BaP1 is selective for CRC cells and reduces cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration. We observed that the compound is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, accumulates in the lysosomes, and leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, cytosolic acidification, and apoptotic cell death. In vivo results using a chicken embryo choriollantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that BaP1 inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and tumor proliferation. These observations highlight that BaP1 as a very interesting agent to disturb and counteract the important roles of lysosomes in cancer and suggests BaP1 as a promising candidate to be exploited as new anticancer lysosomal-targeted agent, which uses lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) as a therapeutic approach in CRC.
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González-Montiel S, Velázquez-Jiménez R, Segovia-Pérez R, Fragoso-Soto W, Martínez-Otero D, Andrade-López N, Salazar-Pereda V, Cruz-Borbolla J. η3-allyl-Pd(II) complexes of 2-, 3- and 4-pyridylmethyl-coumarin esters. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-022-00518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Ferreira JCC, Lopes C, Preto A, Gonçalves MST, Sousa MJ. Novel Nile Blue Analogue Stains Yeast Vacuolar Membrane, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Lipid Droplets, Inducing Cell Death through Vacuole Membrane Permeabilization. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110971. [PMID: 34829259 PMCID: PMC8623074 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenoxazine derivatives such as Nile Blue analogues are assumed to be increasingly relevant in cell biology due to their fluorescence staining capabilities and antifungal and anticancer activities. However, the mechanisms underlying their effects remain poorly elucidated. Using S. cerevisiae as a eukaryotic model, we found that BaP1, a novel 5- and 9-N-substituted benzo[a]phenoxazine synthesized in our laboratory, when used in low concentrations, accumulates and stains the vacuolar membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, at higher concentrations, BaP1 stains lipid droplets and induces a regulated cell death process mediated by vacuolar membrane permeabilization. BaP1 also induced mitochondrial fragmentation and depolarization but did not lead to ROS accumulation, changes in intracellular Ca2+, or loss of plasma membrane integrity. Additionally, our results show that the cell death process is dependent on the vacuolar protease Pep4p and that the vacuole permeabilization results in its translocation from the vacuole to the cytosol. In addition, although nucleic acids are commonly described as targets of benzo[a]phenoxazines, we did not find any alterations at the DNA level. Our observations highlight BaP1 as a promising molecule for pharmacological application, using vacuole membrane permeabilization as a targeted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Canossa Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- Campus of Gualtar, IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.F.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Carla Lopes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- Campus of Gualtar, IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- Campus of Gualtar, IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.F.); (M.J.S.)
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Dash TK, Konkimalla VB. Formulation and Optimization of Doxorubicin and Biochanin A Combinational Liposomes for Reversal of Chemoresistance. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1116-1124. [PMID: 27600324 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Circumvention of drug resistance still remains a challenge in the development of anticancer therapeutics. Combinational nano-formulations provide many avenues for effective cancer therapy and reversal of drug resistance. In the current study, combination of biochanin A (BioA) and doxorubicin (DOX) in liposomes were prepared and studied for its potential to reverse DOX resistance in COLO205 cells. After development and validation of DOX resistant cells of COLO205 (ColoR), dosing ratio of DOX and BioA for reversal of DOX resistance was determined by co-treatment in ColoR cells. As limited solubility and analytical data available for BioA, therefore solubility was studied for BioA and analytical method was developed for the combination. Combinational liposomes were prepared and optimized for both lipid content and surface charge by evaluating size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The optimized formulation had a size about 125 nm; zeta potential of -19.5 mV and 70% encapsulation efficiency (EE) for BioA. Thus, prepared combinational liposomes of DOX and BioA were evaluated for its cellular uptake and efficacy to reverse DOX resistance. From the study, increased DOX uptake and promising effect for reversal of DOX resistance was observed.
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Polymorphism in chloro derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone: Experiment and density functional theoretic investigations. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Agarwal G, Lande DN, Chakrovarty D, Gejji SP, Gosavi-Mirkute P, Patil A, Salunke-Gawali S. Bromine substituted aminonaphthoquinones: synthesis, characterization, DFT and metal ion binding studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20970j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromine substituted aminonaphthoquinones – chemosensors for metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune 411007
- India
| | - Dipali N. Lande
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune 411007
- India
| | | | - Shridhar P. Gejji
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune 411007
- India
| | | | - Amit Patil
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune 411007
- India
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