1
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Sevilla-Pym A, Primrose WL, Luppi BT, Bergmann K, Hudson ZM. Organelle-Targeting Polymer Dots Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Subcellular Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39166441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Selective imaging of specific subcellular structures provides valuable information about the cellular microenvironment. Materials exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are rapidly emerging as metal-free probes with long-lived emission for intracellular time-gated imaging applications. Polymers incorporating TADF emitters can self-assemble into luminescent nanoparticles, termed polymer dots (Pdots), and this strategy enables them to circumvent the limitations of commercial organelle trackers and small molecule TADF emitters. In this study, diblock copolymers comprised of a hydrophilic block containing organelle-targeting monomers and a hydrophobic TADF-active block were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Oxanorbornene-based monomers incorporating morpholine and triphenylphosphonium groups for lysosome and mitochondria targeting, respectively, were also synthesized. ROMP by sequential addition yielded well-defined diblock copolymers with dispersities <1.28. To analyze the effect of tuning the hydrophilic corona on cellular viability and uptake, we prepared Pdots with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and bis-guanidinium (BGN) coronas, resulting in limited and efficient cellular uptake, respectively. Red-emissive Pdots with BGN-based coronas and organelle-targeting functionality were obtained with quantum yields up to 12% in water under air. Colocalization analysis confirmed that lysosome and mitochondria labeling in live HeLa cells was accomplished within 2 h of incubation, affording Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.37 and 0.70, respectively. The potential application of these Pdots for time-resolved imaging is highlighted by a proof of concept using time-gated spectroscopy, which effectively separates the delayed emission of the TADF Pdots from the background autofluorescence of biological serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Sevilla-Pym
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William L Primrose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Bruno T Luppi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katrina Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Mathieu E, Kiraev SR, Kovacs D, Wells JAL, Tomar M, Andres J, Borbas KE. Sensitization Pathways in NIR-Emitting Yb(III) Complexes Bearing 0, +1, +2, or +3 Charges. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21056-21067. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mathieu
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Salauat R. Kiraev
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jordann A. L. Wells
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julien Andres
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Section, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), BCH 3311, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K. Eszter Borbas
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Nawrocki PR, Nielsen VMR, Sørensen TJ. A high-sensitivity rapid acquisition spectrometer for lanthanide(III) luminescence. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 36027890 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac8d4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Detecting luminescence beyond 750-800 nm becomes problematic as most conventional detectors are less sensitive in this range, and as simple corrections stops being accurate. Lanthanide luminescence occurs in narrow bands across the spectrum from 350-2000 nm. The most emissive lanthanide(III) ions have bands from 450 nm to 850 nm, some with additional bands in the NIR. Investigating the NIR bands are hard, but the difficulties start already at 700 nm. In general, the photon flux from lanthanide(III) emitters is not great, and the bands beyond 700 nm are very weak, we therefore decided to build a spectrometer based on cameras for microscopy with single-photon detection capabilities. This was found to allieviate all limitations and to allow for fast and efficient recording of luminescence spectra in the range from 450 to 950 nm. The spectrometer characteristics were investigated and the performance was benchmarked against two commercial spectrometers. We conclude that this spectrometer is ideal for investigating lanthanide luminescence, an all other emitters with emission in the target range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Nawrocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, København Ø, 2100, DENMARK
| | - Villads M R Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, København Ø, 2100, DENMARK
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, København Ø, 2100, DENMARK
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4
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Wang L, Nawrocki P, Nielsen LG, Grenier L, Sørensen TJ. A europium(III)-based nanooptode for bicarbonate sensing - a multicomponent approach to sensor materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9198-9201. [PMID: 35894692 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide luminescence contains detailed chemical information and can be used to report on several chemical analytes. This has been exploited through elaborate synthesis of responsive lanthanide complexes. Here, we report on a less elaborate approach and assemble four different nanooptodes. Europium(III) is used to sense the bicarbonate concentration. The signal from the optode was enhanced 100 times using antenna chromophore and the response was modulated by the addition of lipophilic cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Patrick Nawrocki
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Lea G Nielsen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Laura Grenier
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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5
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Kacenauskaite L, Bisballe N, Mucci R, Santella M, Pullerits T, Chen J, Vosch T, Laursen BW. Rational Design of Bright Long Fluorescence Lifetime Dyad Fluorophores for Single Molecule Imaging and Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1377-1385. [PMID: 33427468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demand for detecting single molecules in challenging environments has raised the bar for the fluorophores used. To achieve better resolution and/or contrast in fluorescence microscopy, it is now essential to use bright and stable dyes with tailored photophysical properties. While long fluorescence lifetime fluorophores offer many advantages in time-resolved imaging, their inherently lower molar absorption coefficient has limited applications in single molecule imaging. Here we propose a generic approach to prepare bright, long fluorescence lifetime dyad fluorophores comprising an absorbing antenna chromophore with high absorption coefficient linked to an acceptor emitter with a long fluorescence lifetime. We introduce a dyad consisting of a perylene antenna and a triangulenium emitter with 100% energy transfer from donor to acceptor. The dyad retained the long fluorescence lifetime (∼17 ns) and high quantum yield (75%) of the triangulenium emitter, while the perylene antenna increased the molar absorption coefficient (up to 5 times) in comparison to the free triangulenium dye. These triangulenium based dyads with significantly improved brightness can now be detected at the single molecule level and easily discriminated from bright autofluorescence by time-gated and other lifetime-based detection schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kacenauskaite
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Bisballe
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Mucci
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Santella
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tönu Pullerits
- Chemical Physics & NanoLund, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Chemical Physics & NanoLund, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Bhuckory S, Wegner KD, Qiu X, Wu YT, Jennings TL, Incamps A, Hildebrandt N. Triplexed CEA-NSE-PSA Immunoassay Using Time-Gated Terbium-to-Quantum Dot FRET. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163679. [PMID: 32806745 PMCID: PMC7464126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer (TG-FRET) between Tb complexes and luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) provides highly advantageous photophysical properties for multiplexed biosensing. Multiplexed Tb-to-QD FRET immunoassays possess a large potential for in vitro diagnostics, but their performance is often insufficient for their application under clinical conditions. Here, we developed a homogeneous TG-FRET immunoassay for the quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from a single serum sample by multiplexed Tb-to-QD FRET. Tb–IgG antibody donor conjugates were combined with compact QD-F(ab’)2 antibody acceptor conjugates with three different QDs emitting at 605, 650, and 705 nm. Upon antibody–antigen–antibody sandwich complex formation, the QD acceptors were sensitized via FRET from Tb, and the FRET ratios of QD and Tb TG luminescence intensities increased specifically with increasing antigen concentrations. Although limits of detection (LoDs: 3.6 ng/mL CEA, 3.5 ng/mL NSE, and 0.3 ng/mL PSA) for the triplexed assay were slightly higher compared to the single-antigen assays, they were still in a clinically relevant concentration range and could be quantified in 50 µL serum samples on a B·R·A·H·M·S KRYPTOR Compact PLUS clinical immunoassay plate reader. The simultaneous quantification of CEA, NSE, and PSA at different concentrations from the same serum sample demonstrated actual multiplexing Tb-to-QD FRET immunoassays and the potential of this technology for translation into clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bhuckory
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (S.B.); (X.Q.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | - K. David Wegner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Xue Qiu
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (S.B.); (X.Q.); (Y.-T.W.)
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Tang Wu
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (S.B.); (X.Q.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | | | - Anne Incamps
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Cezanne SAS, Clinical Diagnostic Division, 30000 Nimes, France;
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (S.B.); (X.Q.); (Y.-T.W.)
- Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Correspondence:
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7
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Kovacs D, Mathieu E, Kiraev SR, Wells JAL, Demeyere E, Sipos A, Borbas KE. Coordination Environment-Controlled Photoinduced Electron Transfer Quenching in Luminescent Europium Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13190-13200. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emilie Mathieu
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Salauat R. Kiraev
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jordann A. L. Wells
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ellen Demeyere
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agnès Sipos
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K. Eszter Borbas
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Xu J, Guo J, Golob-Schwarzl N, Haybaeck J, Qiu X, Hildebrandt N. Single-Measurement Multiplexed Quantification of MicroRNAs from Human Tissue Using Catalytic Hairpin Assembly and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1768-1776. [PMID: 32438801 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Absolute quantification of microRNAs (miRNAs) or other nucleic acid biomarkers is an important requirement for molecular and clinical biosensing. Emerging technologies with beneficial features concerning simplicity and multiplexing present an attractive route for advancing diagnostic tools toward rapid and low-cost bioanalysis. However, the actual translation into the clinic by miRNA quantification in human samples is often missing. Here, we show that implementing time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer (TG-FRET) into a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) can be used for the simultaneous quantification of two miRNAs with a single measurement from total RNA extracts of human tissues. A single terbium-dye FRET pair was conjugated at two specific distances within target-specific CHA hairpin probes, such that each miRNA resulted in distinct amplified photoluminescence (PL) decays that could be distinguished and quantified by TG PL intensity detection. Enzyme-free amplification in a separation-free assay format and the absence of autofluorescence background allowed for simple, specific, and sensitive detection of miR-21 and miR-20a with limits of detection down to 1.8 pM (250 amol). Reliable duplexed quantification of both miRNAs at low picomolar concentrations was confirmed by analyzing total RNA extracts from different colon and rectum tissues with single- and dual-target CHA-TG-FRET and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for comparison. These simple and multiplexed nucleic acid biomarker assays present a capable method for clinical diagnostics and biomolecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Xu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology, and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xue Qiu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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9
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Chen C, Corry B, Huang L, Hildebrandt N. FRET-Modulated Multihybrid Nanoparticles for Brightness-Equalized Single-Wavelength Barcoding. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11123-11141. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- NanoBioPhotonics (nanofret.com), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Liang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics (nanofret.com), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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10
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Krause S, Cerretani C, Vosch T. Disentangling optically activated delayed fluorescence and upconversion fluorescence in DNA stabilized silver nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5326-5331. [PMID: 31191889 PMCID: PMC6540914 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically activated delayed fluorescence (OADF) is a powerful tool for generating background-free, anti-Stokes fluorescence microscopy modalities. Recent findings, using DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs), indicate that OADF is usually accompanied by a dark state-mediated consecutive photon absorption process leading to upconversion fluorescence (UCF). In this study, we disentangle the OADF and UCF process by means of wavelength-dependent NIR excitation spectroscopy. We demonstrate that, by appropriate choice of secondary NIR excitation wavelength, the dark state population can be preferentially depleted through OADF, minimizing the UCF contribution. These findings show that dark state depletion by OADF might enable background-free STED-like nanoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Krause
- Nanoscience Center , Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark . ;
| | - Cecilia Cerretani
- Nanoscience Center , Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark . ;
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nanoscience Center , Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark . ;
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11
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Junker AKR, Sørensen TJ. Illuminating the Intermolecular vs. Intramolecular Excited State Energy Transfer Quenching by Europium(III) Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrine R. Junker
- Nano‐Science Center & Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano‐Science Center & Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
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12
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Junker AKR, Sørensen TJ. Shining light on the excited state energy cascade in kinetically inert Ln(iii) complexes of a coumarin-appended DO3A ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:964-970. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04464c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide based molecular probes for bioimaging relies on the antenna effect, here we are unravelling the excited state energy cascade that results in sensitized lanthanide luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrine R. Junker
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 København Ø
- Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 København Ø
- Denmark
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13
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Xiong R, Mara D, Liu J, Van Deun R, Borbas KE. Excitation- and Emission-Wavelength-Based Multiplex Spectroscopy Using Red-Absorbing Near-Infrared-Emitting Lanthanide Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10975-10979. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dimitrije Mara
- L3−Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jing Liu
- L3−Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Rik Van Deun
- L3−Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - K. Eszter Borbas
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Arppe‐Tabbara R, Carro‐Temboury MR, Hempel C, Vosch T, Sørensen TJ. Luminescence from Lanthanide(III) Ions Bound to the Glycocalyx of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Chemistry 2018; 24:11885-11889. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Arppe‐Tabbara
- Nano-Science Center & Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Miguel R. Carro‐Temboury
- Nano-Science Center & Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Casper Hempel
- Department of Micro- and NanotechnologyTechnical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
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15
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Krause S, Carro-Temboury MR, Cerretani C, Vosch T. Probing heterogeneity of NIR induced secondary fluorescence from DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters at the single molecule level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16316-16319. [PMID: 29888362 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02584c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, we investigate optically activated delayed fluorescence (OADF) from DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) at the single molecule level, and we probe the heterogeneity in the primary fluorescence (PF) intensity, NIR induced secondary fluorescence (SF) intensity and SF/PF ratio. Our experiments reveal a heterogeneous distribution in the SF/PF ratio, indicating that engineering of DNA-AgNCs towards a high SF/PF ratio and high OADF signal for background-free imaging might be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Krause
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Junker AKR, Hill LR, Thompson AL, Faulkner S, Sørensen TJ. Shining light on the antenna chromophore in lanthanide based dyes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4794-4803. [PMID: 29560975 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide based dyes and assays exploit the antenna effect, where a sensitiser-chromophore is used as a light harvesting antenna and subsequent excited state energy transfer populates the emitting lanthanide centred excited state. A rudimentary understanding of the design criteria for designing efficient dyes and assays based on the antenna effect is in place. By preparing kinetically inert lanthanide complexes based on the DO3A scaffold, we are able to study the excited state energy transfer from a 7-methoxy-coumarin antenna chromophore to europium(iii) and terbium(iii) centred excited states. By contrasting the photophysical properties of complexes of metal centres with and without accessible excited states, we are able to separate the contributions from the heavy atom effect, photoinduced electron transfer quenching, excited state energy transfer and molecular conformations. Furthermore, by studying the photophysical properties of the antenna chromophore, we can directly monitor the solution structure and are able to conclude that excited state energy transfer from the chromophore singlet state to the lanthanide centre does occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrine R Junker
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark.
| | - Leila R Hill
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark.
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17
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Rosenberg M, Rostgaard KR, Liao Z, Madsen AØ, Martinez KL, Vosch T, Laursen BW. Design, synthesis, and time-gated cell imaging of carbon-bridged triangulenium dyes with long fluorescence lifetime and red emission. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3122-3130. [PMID: 29780456 PMCID: PMC5932597 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence offers many advantages over normal steady-state detection and becomes increasingly important in bioimaging. However, only very few fluorophores with emission in the visible range and fluorescence lifetimes above 5 ns are available. In this work, we prepare a series of new aza/oxa-triangulenium dyes where one of the usual oxa or aza bridges is replaced by an isopropyl bridge. This leads to a significant redshift of fluorescence with only moderate reductions of quantum yields and a unique long fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence of the isopropyl bridged diazatriangulenium derivative CDATA+ is red-shifted by 50 nm (1400 cm-1) as compared to the oxygen-bridged DAOTA+ chromophore and has intense emission in the red region (600-700 nm) with a quantum yield of 61%, and a fluorescence lifetime of 15.8 ns in apolar solution. When the CDATA+ dye is used as cell stain, high photostability and efficient time-gated cell imaging is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosenberg
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - K R Rostgaard
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Z Liao
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - A Ø Madsen
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - K L Martinez
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - T Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - B W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
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18
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Ning Y, Tang J, Liu YW, Jing J, Sun Y, Zhang JL. Highly luminescent, biocompatible ytterbium(iii) complexes as near-infrared fluorophores for living cell imaging. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3742-3753. [PMID: 29780506 PMCID: PMC5939605 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report three synthetic methods to prepare biocompatible Yb3+ complexes, which displayed high NIR luminescence with quantum yields up to 13% in aqueous media. This renders β-fluorinated Yb3+ porphyrinoids a new class of NIR probes for living cell imaging including time-resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging.
Herein, we report the design and synthesis of biocompatible Yb3+ complexes for near-infrared (NIR) living cell imaging. Upon excitation at either the visible (Soret band) or red region (Q band), these β-fluorinated Yb3+ complexes display high NIR luminescence (quantum yields up to 23% and 13% in dimethyl sulfoxide and water, respectively) and have higher stabilities and prolonged decay lifetimes (up to 249 μs) compared to the β-non-fluorinated counterparts. This renders the β-fluorinated Yb3+ complexes as a new class of biological optical probes in both steady-state imaging and time-resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). NIR confocal fluorescence images showed strong and specific intracellular Yb3+ luminescence signals when the biocompatible Yb3+ complexes were uptaken into the living cells. Importantly, FLIM measurements showed an intracellular lifetime distribution between 100 and 200 μs, allowing an effective discrimination from cell autofluorescence, and afforded high signal-to-noise ratios as firstly demonstrated in the NIR region. These results demonstrated the prospects of NIR lanthanide complexes as biological probes for NIR steady-state fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ning
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
| | - Juan Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
| | - Yi-Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
| | - Jing Jing
- School of Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | | | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
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19
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Zhang KY, Yu Q, Wei H, Liu S, Zhao Q, Huang W. Long-Lived Emissive Probes for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Bioimaging and Biosensing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1770-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced
Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for
Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
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20
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Carro-Temboury MR, Arppe R, Vosch T, Sørensen TJ. An optical authentication system based on imaging of excitation-selected lanthanide luminescence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:e1701384. [PMID: 29387788 PMCID: PMC5786441 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Secure data encryption relies heavily on one-way functions, and copy protection relies on features that are difficult to reproduce. We present an optical authentication system based on lanthanide luminescence from physical one-way functions or physical unclonable functions (PUFs). They cannot be reproduced and thus enable unbreakable encryption. Further, PUFs will prevent counterfeiting if tags with unique PUFs are grafted onto products. We have developed an authentication system that comprises a hardware reader, image analysis, and authentication software and physical keys that we demonstrate as an anticounterfeiting system. The physical keys are PUFs made from random patterns of taggants in polymer films on glass that can be imaged following selected excitation of particular lanthanide(III) ions doped into the individual taggants. This form of excitation-selected imaging ensures that by using at least two lanthanide(III) ion dopants, the random patterns cannot be copied, because the excitation selection will fail when using any other emitter. With the developed reader and software, the random patterns are read and digitized, which allows a digital pattern to be stored. This digital pattern or digital key can be used to authenticate the physical key in anticounterfeiting or to encrypt any message. The PUF key was produced with a staggering nominal encoding capacity of 73600. Although the encoding capacity of the realized authentication system reduces to 6 × 10104, it is more than sufficient to completely preclude counterfeiting of products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Vosch
- Corresponding author. (T.V.); (T.J.S.)
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21
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Krause S, Carro-Temboury MR, Cerretani C, Vosch T. Anti-Stokes fluorescence microscopy using direct and indirect dark state formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4569-4572. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Optically activated delayed fluorescence and upconversion fluorescence allow removing unwanted auto-fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Krause
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen 2100
- Denmark
| | | | - Cecilia Cerretani
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen 2100
- Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen 2100
- Denmark
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22
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Carro-Temboury MR, Arppe R, Hempel C, Vosch T, Just Sørensen T. Creating infinite contrast in fluorescence microscopy by using lanthanide centered emission. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189529. [PMID: 29236769 PMCID: PMC5728579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The popularity of fluorescence microscopy arises from the inherent mode of action, where the fluorescence emission from probes is used to visualize selected features on a presumed dark background. However, the background is rarely truly dark, and image processing and analysis is needed to enhance the fluorescent signal that is ascribed to the selected feature. The image acquisition is facilitated by using considerable illumination, bright probes at a relatively high concentration in order to make the fluorescent signal significantly more intense than the background signal. Here, we present two methods for completely removing the background signal in spectrally resolved fluorescence microscopy. The methodology is applicable for all probes with narrow and well-defined emission bands (Full width half-maximum < 20 nm). Here, we use two lanthanide based probes exploiting the narrow emission lines of europium(III) and terbium(III) ions. We used a model system with zeolites doped with lanthanides immobilized in a polymer stained with several fluorescent dyes regularly used in bioimaging. After smoothing the spectral data recorded in each pixel, they are differentiated. Method I is based on the direct sum of the gradient, while method II resolves the fluorescent signal by subtracting a background calculated via the gradient. Both methods improve signal-to-background ratio significantly and we suggest that spectral imaging of lanthanide-centered emission can be used as a tool to obtain absolute contrast in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riikka Arppe
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Hempel
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Investigating dye performance and crosstalk in fluorescence enabled bioimaging using a model system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188359. [PMID: 29176775 PMCID: PMC5703511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed imaging of biological structures, often smaller than the diffraction limit, is possible in fluorescence microscopy due to the molecular size and photophysical properties of fluorescent probes. Advances in hardware and multiple providers of high-end bioimaging makes comparing images between studies and between research groups very difficult. Therefore, we suggest a model system to benchmark instrumentation, methods and staining procedures. The system we introduce is based on doped zeolites in stained polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films: a highly accessible model system which has the properties needed to act as a benchmark in bioimaging experiments. Rather than comparing molecular probes and imaging methods in complicated biological systems, we demonstrate that the model system can emulate this complexity and can be used to probe the effect of concentration, brightness, and cross-talk of fluorophores on the detected fluorescence signal. The described model system comprises of lanthanide (III) ion doped Linde Type A zeolites dispersed in a PVA film stained with fluorophores. We tested: F18, MitoTracker Red and ATTO647N. This model system allowed comparing performance of the fluorophores in experimental conditions. Importantly, we here report considerable cross-talk of the dyes when exchanging excitation and emission settings. Additionally, bleaching was quantified. The proposed model makes it possible to test and benchmark staining procedures before these dyes are applied to more complex biological systems.
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24
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Arppe R, Kofod N, Junker AKR, Nielsen LG, Dallerba E, Just Sørensen T. Modulation of the Photophysical Properties of 1-Azathioxanthones by Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, and Yb3+Ions in Methanol. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Arppe
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Nicolaj Kofod
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Anne Kathrine R. Junker
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Lea G. Nielsen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Elena Dallerba
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
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25
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Abstract
We harness the photophysics of few-atom silver nanoclusters to create the first fluorophores capable of optically activated delayed fluorescence (OADF). In analogy with thermally activated delayed fluorescence, often resulting from oxygen- or collision-activated reverse intersystem crossing from triplet levels, this optically controllable/reactivated visible emission occurs with the same 2.2 ns fluorescence lifetime as that produced with primary excitation alone but is excited with near-infrared light from either of two distinct, long-lived photopopulated dark states. In addition to faster ground-state recovery under long-wavelength co-illumination, this "repumped" visible fluorescence occurs many microsceconds after visible excitation and only when gated by secondary near-IR excitation of ∼1-100 μs-lived dark excited states. By deciphering the Ag nanocluster photophysics, we demonstrate that OADF improves upon previous optical modulation schemes for near-complete background rejection in fluorescence detection. Likely extensible to other fluorophores with photopopulatable excited dark states, OADF holds potential for drastically improving fluorescence signal recovery from high backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake C. Fleischer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400
| | | | - Jung-Cheng Hsiang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400
| | - Robert M. Dickson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400
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26
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Kovacs D, Lu X, Mészáros LS, Ott M, Andres J, Borbas KE. Photophysics of Coumarin and Carbostyril-Sensitized Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes: Implications for Complex Design in Multiplex Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5756-5767. [PMID: 28388066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent lanthanide (Ln(III)) complexes with coumarin or carbostyril antennae were synthesized and their photophysical properties evaluated using steady-state and time-resolved UV-vis spectroscopy. Ligands bearing distant hydroxycoumarin-derived antennae attached through triazole linkers were modest sensitizers for Eu(III) and Tb(III), whereas ligands with 7-amidocarbostyrils directly linked to the coordination site could reach good quantum yields for multiple Ln(III), including the visible emitters Sm(III) and Dy(III), and the near-infrared emitters Nd(III) and Yb(III). The highest lanthanide-centered luminescence quantum yields were 35% (Tb), 7.9% (Eu), 0.67% (Dy), and 0.18% (Sm). Antennae providing similar luminescence intensities with 2-4 Ln-emitters were identified. Photoredox quenching of the carbostyril antenna excited states was observed for all Eu(III)-complexes and should be sensitizing in the case of Yb(III); the scope of the process extends to Ln(III) for which it has not been seen previously, specifically Dy(III) and Sm(III). The proposed process is supported by photophysical and electrochemical data. A FRET-type mechanism was identified in architectures with both distant and close antennae for all of the Lns. This mechanism seems to be the only sensitizing one at long distance and probably contributes to the sensitization at shorter distances along with the triplet pathway. The complexes were nontoxic to either bacterial or mammalian cells. Complexes of an ester-functionalized ligand were taken up by bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the effects of FRET and photoredox quenching should be taken into consideration when designing luminescent Ln complexes. These results also establish these Ln(III)-complexes for multiplex detection beyond the available two-color systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University , Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, Uppsala University , Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Lívia S Mészáros
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University , Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Marjam Ott
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, Uppsala University , Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Julien Andres
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University , Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - K Eszter Borbas
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University , Uppsala 75120, Sweden
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27
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28
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Junker AKR, Tropiano M, Faulkner S, Sørensen TJ. Kinetically Inert Lanthanide Complexes as Reporter Groups for Binding of Potassium by 18-crown-6. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12299-12308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrine R Junker
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Manuel Tropiano
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
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29
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Martin WE, Srijanto BR, Collier CP, Vosch T, Richards CI. A Comparison of Single-Molecule Emission in Aluminum and Gold Zero-Mode Waveguides. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6719-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Elliott Martin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Bernadeta R. Srijanto
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - C. Patrick Collier
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-science
Center/Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher I. Richards
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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30
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Abstract
Lanthanide complexes are of increasing importance in cancer diagnosis and therapy, owing to the versatile chemical and magnetic properties of the lanthanide-ion 4f electronic configuration. Following the first implementation of gadolinium(III)-based contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging in the 1980s, lanthanide-based small molecules and nanomaterials have been investigated as cytotoxic agents and inhibitors, in photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, drug/gene delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging. As the potential utility of lanthanides in these areas continues to increase, this timely review of current applications will be useful to medicinal chemists and other investigators interested in the latest developments and trends in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie D. Teo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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31
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Hsiang JC, Fleischer BC, Dickson RM. Dark State-Modulated Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Quantitative Signal Recovery. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2496-501. [PMID: 27299945 PMCID: PMC5218585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Excitation of few-atom Ag cluster fluorescence produces significant steady-state dark state populations that can be dynamically optically depopulated with long wavelength coillumination. Modulating this secondary illumination dynamically repopulates the ground state, thereby directly modulating nanodot fluorescence without modulating background. Both fast and slow modulation enable unmodulated background to be quantitatively removed in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) through simple correlation-based averaging. Such modulated dual-laser FCS enables recovery of pure Ag nanodot fluorescence correlations even in the presence of strong, spectrally overlapping background emission. Fluorescence recovery is linear with Fourier amplitude of the modulated fluorescence, providing a complementary approach to background-free quantitation of modulatable emitter concentration in high background environments. Using the expanding range of modulatable fluorophores, such methodologies should facilitate biologically relevant studies in both complex autofluorescent environments and multiplexed assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Cheng Hsiang
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Blake C Fleischer
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Robert M Dickson
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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32
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Starck M, Pal R, Parker D. Structural Control of Cell Permeability with Highly Emissive Europium(III) Complexes Permits Different Microscopy Applications. Chemistry 2015; 22:570-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Bourdolle A, D'Aléo A, Philippot C, Baldeck PL, Guyot Y, Dubois F, Ibanez A, Andraud C, Brasselet S, Maury O. NIR-to-NIR Two-Photon Scanning Laser Microscopy Imaging of Single Nanoparticles Doped by YbIIIComplexes. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:128-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bourdolle
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS UMR 5182, ENS Lyon; Université Lyon 1; 46 allée d'Italie F-69364 Lyon France
| | - Anthony D'Aléo
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS UMR 5182, ENS Lyon; Université Lyon 1; 46 allée d'Italie F-69364 Lyon France
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy; Case 913 F-13288 Marseille France
| | - Cécile Philippot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Institut NEEL; F-38042 Grenoble France
- CNRS; Institut NEEL; F-38042 Grenoble France
| | - Patrice L. Baldeck
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS UMR 5182, ENS Lyon; Université Lyon 1; 46 allée d'Italie F-69364 Lyon France
| | - Yannick Guyot
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 CNRS-Université Lyon 1; 10 rue Ada Byron F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - Fabien Dubois
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Institut NEEL; F-38042 Grenoble France
- CNRS; Institut NEEL; F-38042 Grenoble France
| | - Alain Ibanez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Institut NEEL; F-38042 Grenoble France
- CNRS; Institut NEEL; F-38042 Grenoble France
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS UMR 5182, ENS Lyon; Université Lyon 1; 46 allée d'Italie F-69364 Lyon France
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249; F-13013 Marseille France
| | - Olivier Maury
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS UMR 5182, ENS Lyon; Université Lyon 1; 46 allée d'Italie F-69364 Lyon France
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Watkis A, Hueting R, Sørensen TJ, Tropiano M, Faulkner S. Controlling energy transfer in ytterbium complexes: oxygen dependent lanthanide luminescence and singlet oxygen formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15633-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06891f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrene-appended ytterbium complexes have been prepared using Ugi reactions to vary the chromophore–lanthanide separation. Energy transfer from the chromophore triplet is relatively slow, and gives rise to oxygen-dependent luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Watkis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3TA
- UK
| | - Rebekka Hueting
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3TA
- UK
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 København Ø
- Denmark
| | - Manuel Tropiano
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3TA
- UK
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3TA
- UK
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