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Santoro O, Izzo L. Antimicrobial Polymer Surfaces Containing Quaternary Ammonium Centers (QACs): Synthesis and Mechanism of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7587. [PMID: 39062830 PMCID: PMC11277267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polymer surfaces provide an excellent opportunity for developing materials with inherent antimicrobial and/or biocidal activity, therefore representing an answer to the increasing demand for antimicrobial active medical devices. So far, biologists and material scientists have identified a few features of bacterial cells that can be strategically exploited to make polymers inherently antimicrobial. One of these is represented by the introduction of cationic charges that act by killing or deactivating bacteria by interaction with the negatively charged parts of their cell envelope (lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, and membrane lipids). Among the possible cationic functionalities, the antimicrobial activity of polymers with quaternary ammonium centers (QACs) has been widely used for both soluble macromolecules and non-soluble materials. Unfortunately, most information is still unknown on the biological mechanism of action of QACs, a fundamental requirement for designing polymers with higher antimicrobial efficiency and possibly very low toxicity. This mini-review focuses on surfaces based on synthetic polymers with inherently antimicrobial activity due to QACs. It will discuss their synthesis, their antimicrobial activity, and studies carried out so far on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorella Izzo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Li S, Zhi L, Chen Q, Zhao W, Zhao C. Reversibly Adhesive, Anti-Swelling, and Antibacterial Hydrogels for Tooth-Extraction Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400089. [PMID: 38354105 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral wound treatment faces challenges due to the complex oral environment, thus, sealing the wound quickly becomes necessary. Although some materials have achieved adhesion and sterilization, how to effectively solve the contradiction between strong adhesion and on-demand removal remains a challenge. Herein, a reversibly adhesive hydrogel is designed by free radical copolymerization of cationic monomer [2-(acryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (ATAC), hydrophobic monomer ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate (PEA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). The cationic quaternary ammonium salts provide electrostatic interactions, the hydrophobic groups provide hydrophobic interactions, and the PNIPAAm chain segments provide hydrogen bonding, leading to strong adhesion. Therefore, the hydrogel obtains an adhesion strength of 18.67 KPa to oral mucosa and can seal wounds fast within 10 s. Furthermore, unlike pure PNIPAAm, the hydrogel has a lower critical solution temperature of 40.3 °C due to the contribution of ATAC and PEA, enabling rapid removal with 40 °C water after treatment. In addition, the hydrogel realizes excellent anti-swelling ratio (≈80%) and antibacterial efficiency (over 90%). Animal experiments prove that the hydrogel effectively reduces inflammation infiltration, promotes collagen deposition and vascular regeneration. Thus, hydrogel as a multi-functional dressing has great application prospects in oral wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lunhao Zhi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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Hassan MM, Gupta T. Colour and surface functional properties of wool fabrics coated with gallnut, feijoa skin, and mango seed kernel tannin-stabilised Ag nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9678-9690. [PMID: 38525064 PMCID: PMC10958619 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00367e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the textile industry, textile materials are dyed and multi-functionalised by multi-step treatments that considerably increase the environmental impacts by increasing water and energy usage along with increasing the generation of volume of effluent. In this work, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were in situ formed and stabilised with gallnut, feijoa fruit skin, and mango seed kernel-derived tannins, and wool fabrics were coated simultaneously with these Ag NPs in the same bath. The Ag NP treatment produced dark to light olive-brown shades on wool fabrics. The treatment conditions for the treatment with Ag NPs were optimised to achieve the best results. The colour intensity, UV radiation absorption, antibacterial activity, surface electrical resistance, and durability of the treatment to washing were assessed by various methods. The gallnut-derived tannin (GNT)-stabilised Ag NP-coated wool fabrics showed overall the best results including excellent antibacterial activity against various types of bacteria. The treatment was durable to at least 20 cycles of IWS 7A washes (equivalent to 80 domestic washes). For the 0.5% Ag NPs on the weight of fibre (owf) dosage, the UV light transmission through the trisodium citrate-stabilised Ag NP-coated fabric at 365 and 311 nm was 6.37 and 0.95% respectively, which reduced to 1.63 and 0.20% for the fabric coated with GNT-stabilised Ag NPs providing excellent protection against UV radiation. The surface resistivity of wool fabric reduced from 1.1 × 1012 ohm cm-1 for the untreated fabric to 1.1 × 109 ohm cm-1 for the fabric coated with 2.0% owf GNT-stabilised Ag NPs. The stabilisation of Ag NPs with GNT prolonged the wash-durability by reducing the leaching of Ag NPs from the treated fabric. The developed method could be a sustainable alternative to traditional multi-stage treatments conducted in the textile industry with toxic synthetic dyes and finishing agents for the colouration and multifunctionalisation of wool fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan
- Bioproduct and Fibre Technology Team, AgResearch Limited 1365 Springs Road, Lincoln Christchurch 7674 New Zealand
- Fashion, Textiles, and Technology Institute (FTTI), University of the Arts London 105 Carpenter's Road London E20 2AR UK
| | - Tanushree Gupta
- Food System Integrity Team, AgResearch Limited, Hopkirk Research Centre, University Drive Palmerston North New Zealand
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Qiu Q, Yang C, Wang Y, Alexander CA, Yi G, Zhang Y, Qin X, Yang YY. Silane-functionalized polyionenes-coated cotton fabrics with potent antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gao W, Dang ZC, Liu FS, Wang S, Zhang DW, Yan MX. Preparation of antistatic epoxy resin coatings based on double comb-like quaternary ammonium salt polymers. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43523-43532. [PMID: 35519666 PMCID: PMC9058179 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two kinds of double comb-like quaternary ammonium salt polymers P(DPA-EPI) and P(DBA-EPI) with lower polarity were designed and synthesized using epichlorohydrin (EPI), di-n-propylamine (DPA) and di-n-butylamine (DBA) as raw materials. The transparent antistatic epoxy resin coatings were obtained using the two polymers as antistatic agents, respectively. Because P(DPA-EPI) and P(DBA-EPI) with good hygroscopic performance are easily dissolved in epoxy resin paints and are nearly linearly arranged in the epoxy resin paints, the obtained transparent antistatic epoxy resin coatings achieve good antistatic properties. The values of ρs of the coatings reach 5.13 × 108 Ω sq−1 and 2.69 × 108 Ω sq−1, respectively, with a lower addition amount of polymers of only 1.0 wt%. The two antistatic epoxy resin coatings also have good durability. Compared to the epoxy resin coating, with the introduction of P(DPA-EPI) and P(DBA-EPI), the thermal stability and adhesion of the antistatic epoxy resin coatings do not change obviously, but the Rockwell hardness values slightly reduce. The antistatic epoxy resin coatings using double comb-like quaternary ammonium salt polymers as antistatic agents reach good antistatic property with lower addition amount because polymers can dissolve and nearly linearly arrange in the coatings.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Zeng-Chao Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Duan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Meng-Xi Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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Hassan MM. Enhanced thermal stability, hydrophobicity, UV radiation resistance, and antibacterial properties of wool fabric treated with p-aminobenzenesulphonic acid. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17515-17523. [PMID: 35515614 PMCID: PMC9053736 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02267e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wool fibre is a popular fibre for the manufacture of apparel and floor coverings, but it does not have adequate thermal stability, antistatic, UV resistance, and antibacterial properties that are required for some applications, such as outerwear and hospital gowns. In this work, a wool fabric was treated with para-aminobenzenesulphonic acid (ABSA) by the oxidative polymerisation method and its effect on the thermal stability, UV radiation resistance, electrical conductivity and antibacterial properties of the treated fabric was systematically evaluated. It was found that the ABSA treatment had synergistic effects on the various functional properties of the treated fabric. The ABSA treatment not only made the fabric antibacterial but also enhanced its UV radiation absorption capability, surface hydrophobicity, electro-conductivity, tensile strength, and thermal stability. The maximum degradation temperature of the wool fibre increased from 339.5 °C to 349.6 °C and the UV-B transmission through the fabric at 290 nm reduced to 1.5%. The surface hydrophobicity of the treated fabric samples also improved as the surface contact angle of the fabric increased from 119.5° for the untreated to 131.7° for the fabric treated with 4% ABSA. The surface electrical resistance decreased from 1200 × 109 to 484 × 109 Ohm cm−1, and the treated fabric also showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The developed treatment could be used in the textile industry as an energy-efficient process for the multi-functionalisation of wool and other polyamide fibres. The treatment with para-aminobenzenesulphonic acid produced a multifunctional wool fabric with enhanced hydrophobicity, thermal stability, UV resistance, and antibacterial properties.![]()
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Enhanced colour, hydrophobicity, UV radiation absorption and antistatic properties of wool fabric multi-functionalised with silver nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mao T, Wei Y, Zheng C, Cheng W, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Wang R, Zeng Z. Antibacterial Cotton Fabrics Coated by Biodegradable Cationic Silicone Softeners. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taoyan Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Guangdong 510550 P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yiting Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Runhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zhaowen Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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Lin J, Chen X, Chen C, Hu J, Zhou C, Cai X, Wang W, Zheng C, Zhang P, Cheng J, Guo Z, Liu H. Durably Antibacterial and Bacterially Antiadhesive Cotton Fabrics Coated by Cationic Fluorinated Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6124-6136. [PMID: 29356496 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been devoted to producing antibacterial fabrics due to their very wide applications in medicine, hygiene, hospital, etc. However, the poor antibacterial durability and bad bacterial antiadhesion capacity of most existing antibacterial fabrics limit their applications. In this work, a series of antibacterial and polymeric quaternary ammonium monomers with different alkyl chain length were successfully synthesized to copolymerize with fluorine-containing and other acrylic monomers to generate cationic fluorinated polymer emulsions and durably antibacterial and bacterially antiadhesive cotton fabrics. The relation between antibacterial constituent and its antibacterial activity was investigated. The study indicated that the alkyl chain length and contents of the antibacterial monomers, as well as the add-on percentage of polymer greatly influenced the antibacterial activities of the fabrics. In addition, it was found that incorporation of fluorine component into the polymer greatly enhanced the antibacterial activity and bacterial antiadhesion of the treated fabrics due to the low surface energy induced hydrophobicity. Finally, antibacterial and antiadhesive models of action of the obtained fabrics were illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - XiaoYu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - ChunYan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - JieTao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - CaiLong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - XianFang Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - PeiPei Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - ZhanHu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P. R. China
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Durable flame retardant finishing of cotton fabrics with halogen-free organophosphonate by UV photoinitiated thiol-ene click chemistry. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:275-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jiao Y, Niu LN, Ma S, Li J, Tay FR, Chen JH. Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance. Prog Polym Sci 2017; 71:53-90. [PMID: 32287485 PMCID: PMC7111226 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections affect humans worldwide. Many quaternary ammonium compounds have been synthesized that are not only antibacterial, but also possess antifungal, antiviral and anti-matrix metalloproteinase capabilities. Incorporation of quaternary ammonium moieties into polymers represents one of the most promising strategies for preparation of antimicrobial biomaterials. Various polymerization techniques have been employed to prepare antimicrobial surfaces with quaternary ammonium functionalities; in particular, syntheses involving controlled radical polymerization techniques enable precise control over macromolecular structure, order and functionality. Although recent publications report exciting advances in the biomedical field, some of these technological developments have also been accompanied by potential toxicological and antimicrobial resistance challenges. Recent evidenced-based data on the biomedical applications of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium-containing biomaterials that are based on randomized human clinical trials, the golden standard in contemporary medicinal science, are included in the present review. This should help increase visibility, stimulate debates and spur conversations within a wider scientific community on the implications and plausibility for future developments of quaternary ammonium-based antimicrobial biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Army General Hospital, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Yu D, Xu L, Hu Y, Li Y, Wang W. Durable antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric based on thiol–epoxy click chemistry. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28803k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This research proposes a method based on thiol–epoxy click chemistry to achieve durable antibacterial properties on cotton fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Lijin Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Yani Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
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