1
|
Li X, Yuan X, Wu Y, Guo H, Liu Q, Huang S. Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trisubstituted 1,2,4-Triazoles via I 2-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Amidines with Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5277-5286. [PMID: 38587487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A general and practical method for the construction of various 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles via I2-catalyzed cycloaddition of N-functionalized amidines with hydrazones is reported. This strategy features cheap and readily available catalyst and starting materials, broader substrate scope, and moderate-to-good yields. The mechanism study shows that the existence of hydrogen on the nitrogen of hydrazones is crucial for this transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyufei Yuan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Guo
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangping Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
P MA, Chakravarthy A S J, Ila H. Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted-1,2,4-thiadiazoles via NaH-DMF-Promoted Dehydrogenative Intramolecular N-S Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4453-4460. [PMID: 38530202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A facile transition-metal-free synthesis of 3,5-bis(het)aryl/arylaminothiadiazoles has been reported. The overall protocol involves base-mediated tandem thioacylation of amidines with dithioesters or aryl isothiocyanates in DMF solvent and subsequent in situ intramolecular dehydrogenative N-S bond formation of thioacylamidine intermediates under an inert atmosphere. A probable mechanism involving a carbamoyl anion, generated by deprotonation of DMF, acting as a radical initiator has been suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Antony P
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Jeevan Chakravarthy A S
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Hiriyakkanavar Ila
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kathiravan S, Dhillon P, Zhang T, Nicholls IA. Metal free cross-dehydrogenative N-N coupling of primary amides with Lewis basic amines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2643. [PMID: 38531886 PMCID: PMC10966042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrazides, N-N containing structural motifs, are important due to their presence in a wide variety of biologically significant compounds. While the homo N-N coupling of two NH moieties to form the hydrazide N-N bond is well developed, the cross-dehydrogenative hetero N-N coupling remains very unevolved. Here we present an efficient intermolecular N-N cross-coupling of a series of primary benzamides with broad range of Lewis basic primary and secondary amines using PhI(OAc)2 as both a terminal oxidant and a cross-coupling mediator, without the need for metal catalysts, high temperatures, and inert atmospheres, and with substantial potential for use in the late-stage functionalization of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subban Kathiravan
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39182, Sweden.
- Attana AB, Greta Arwidssons väg 21, 11419, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Prakriti Dhillon
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39182, Sweden
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39182, Sweden
| | - Ian A Nicholls
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39182, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan M, Ma R, Chen R, Wang L, Wang Z, Ma Y. Synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives via Cu(II)-catalyzed C(sp 3)-H activation of N, N-dimethylethanolamine with amidines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10946-10949. [PMID: 32940285 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Dihydro-1,3,5-triazines and symmetrical 1,3,5-triazines were obtained in up to 81% yields from amidines and N,N-dimethylethanolamine catalyzed by CuCl2. The reaction involves three C-N bond formations during the oxidative annulation process and the mechanism was proposed. This efficient synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazines was developed for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China. and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Rener Chen
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China. and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ryan MC, Kim YJ, Gerken JB, Wang F, Aristov MM, Martinelli JR, Stahl SS. Mechanistic insights into copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of N-N bonds. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1170-1175. [PMID: 34084374 PMCID: PMC8146583 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04305e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic N–N coupling is a valuable transformation for chemical synthesis and energy conversion. Here, mechanistic studies are presented for two related copper-catalyzed oxidative aerobic N–N coupling reactions, one involving the synthesis of a pharmaceutically relevant triazole and the other relevant to the oxidative conversion of ammonia to hydrazine. Analysis of catalytic and stoichiometric N–N coupling reactions support an “oxidase”-type catalytic mechanism with two redox half-reactions: (1) aerobic oxidation of a CuI catalyst and (2) CuII-promoted N–N coupling. Both reactions feature turnover-limiting oxidation of CuI by O2, and this step is inhibited by the N–H substrate(s). The results highlight the unexpected facility of the N–N coupling step and establish a foundation for development of improved catalysts for these transformations. Mechanistic studies provide valuable insights into Cu-catalyzed N–N coupling reactions relevant to energy conversion and pharmaceutical synthesis.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Yeon Jung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - James B Gerken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Michael M Aristov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Joseph R Martinelli
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis Indiana 46285 USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo W, Zhao M, Tan W, Zheng L, Tao K, Fan X. Developments towards synthesis of N-heterocycles from amidines via C–N/C–C bond formation. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the synthesis of N-heterocycles using amidines as starting materials, with an emphasis on the mechanisms of these reactions via C–N/C–C bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Wen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Kailiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li H, Wu X, Hao W, Li H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Lian P, Zheng Y, Bao X, Wan X. [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nitrile Ylides with Diazonium Salts: Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Substituted 1,2,4-Triazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:5224-5227. [PMID: 30146886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel [3 + 2] cycloaddition between nitrile ylides and diazonium salts was well-established. This copper-catalyzed three-component reaction was distinguished by mild conditions, ready availability, and operational simplicity, thus opening access to 1,2,4-triazoles with a diverse set of substitution patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alizadeh A, Abarghoei SB, Bayat F, Halvagar M, Zhu LG. Application of oxa-aza[3.3.3]propellanes in the diastereoselective synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]pyrroles bearing bistriazole unit. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Mekheimer RA, Al-Zaydi K, Ibrahim MAA, Al-Shamary A, Sadek K. Regio- and stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of C-aryl (or hetaryl)-N-phenylnitrones to monosubstituted ylidene malononitriles and 4-benzylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2016-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The first example of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of C-aryl (or hetaryl)-N-phenylnitrones to monosubstituted ylidene malononitriles and 4-benzylidene-2-phenyl-oxazol-5(4H)-one is described. The reaction of C-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-N-phenyl-nitrone (1a) with 2-(4-substituted-benzylidene)malononitriles 2a, b in dry toluene, in the absence of catalyst, at reflux temperature furnished the novel cycloadducts 2-(3-aryl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitriles 3a, b. Refluxing C-aryl (or hetaryl)-N-phenylnitrones 1b–i with 2-(4-methoxy-benzylidene)malononitrile (2a) in dry toluene, in the absence of catalyst, gave the unexpected 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-acrylamide (5), as the sole product. On the other hand, refluxing 4-benzylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one (7) with an equimolar amount of C-aryl (or hetaryl)-N-phenyl-nitrones 1a–c, f–i in absolute EtOH afforded the previously unknown 5-anilino-4-benzoyl-2-phenyloxazole (10), as the only isolable product. The resulting products were formed with a high degree of regio- and stereoselectivity. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to verify stereoselectivity of the studied reaction. A mechanistic proposal is presented to rationalize the formation of these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan A. Mekheimer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-Al Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21533, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, A.R. Egypt
| | - Khadijah Al-Zaydi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-Al Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21533, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asma Al-Shamary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-Al Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, A.R. Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo W, Liu D, Liao J, Ji F, Wu W, Jiang H. Cu-Catalyzed intermolecular [3 + 3] annulation involving oxidative activation of an unreactive C(sp3)–H bond: access to pyrimidine derivatives from amidines and ketones. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to pyrimidines through a copper-catalyzed oxidative unreactive C(sp3)–H bond and intermolecular [3 + 3] annulation of amidines and ketones is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| |
Collapse
|