1
|
Eichhorn SH, El-Ballouli AO, Cassar A, Kaafarani BR. Columnar Mesomorphism of Board-Shaped Perylene, Diketopyrrolopyrrole, Isoindigo, Indigo, and Quinoxalino-Phenanthrophenazine Dyes. Chempluschem 2021; 86:319-339. [PMID: 33624951 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The properties of organic dyes depend as much on their intermolecular interactions as on their molecular structure. While it is generally predictable what supramolecular structure would be ideal for a specific application, the generation of specific supramolecular structures by molecular design and suitable processing methods remains to be a challenge. A versatile approach to different supramolecular structures has been the application of mesomorphism in conjunction with alignment techniques and self-assembly at interfaces. Reviewed here is the columnar mesomorphism of board-shaped dyes perylene, indigo, isoindigo, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine. They generate a larger number of different supramolecular structures than conventional disc-shaped (discotic) mesogens because of their non-circular shape and directional intermolecular interactions. The mesomorphism of all but the perylene derivatives is systematically and comprehensively covered for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Holger Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - A O El-Ballouli
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Cassar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Bilal R Kaafarani
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Charge separation and singlet fission in covalently linked diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives and triphenylamine triad in solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
3
|
Moshkina TN, Le Poul P, Barsella A, Pytela O, Bureš F, Robin‐Le Guen F, Achelle S, Nosova EV, Lipunova GN, Charushin VN. Electron‐Withdrawing Substituted Quinazoline Push‐Pull Chromophores: Synthesis, Electrochemical, Photophysical and Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N. Moshkina
- Univ. Rennes CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ‐ UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Pascal Le Poul
- Univ. Rennes CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ‐ UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Alberto Barsella
- Département d'Optique Ultrarapide et Nanophotonique, IPCMS, UMR CNRS 7504 Université de Strasbourg 23 rue de Loess BP 43 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Oldřich Pytela
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studenská 573 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studenská 573 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | | | - Sylvain Achelle
- Univ. Rennes CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ‐ UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Emiliya V. Nosova
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Galina N. Lipunova
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Osawa K, Tagaya H, Kondo SI. Naked Eye Detection of Anions by 2,2′-Bianthracene Derivative Bearing Urea Groups in Various Organic Solvents. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Osawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tagaya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-Machi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Velusamy A, Yu C, Afraj SN, Lin C, Lo W, Yeh C, Wu Y, Hsieh H, Chen J, Lee G, Tung S, Liu C, Chen M, Facchetti A. Thienoisoindigo (TII)-Based Quinoidal Small Molecules for High-Performance n-Type Organic Field Effect Transistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2002930. [PMID: 33437584 PMCID: PMC7788596 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel quinoidal thienoisoindigo (TII)-containing small molecule family with dicyanomethylene end-capping units and various alkyl chains is synthesized as n-type organic small molecules for solution-processable organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The molecular structure of the 2-hexyldecyl substituted derivative, TIIQ-b16, is determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction and shows that the TIIQ core is planar and exhibits molecular layers stacked in a "face-to-face" arrangement with short core intermolecular distances of 3.28 Å. The very planar core structure, shortest intermolecular N···H distance (2.52 Å), existence of an intramolecular non-bonded contact between sulfur and oxygen atom (S···O) of 2.80 Å, and a very low-lying LUMO energy level of -4.16 eV suggest that TIIQ molecules should be electron transporting semiconductors. The physical, thermal, and electrochemical properties as well as OFET performance and thin film morphologies of these new TIIQs are systematically studied. Thus, air-processed TIIQ-b16 OFETs exhibit an electron mobility up to 2.54 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a current ON/OFF ratio of 105-106, which is the first demonstration of TII-based small molecules exhibiting unipolar electron transport characteristics and enhanced ambient stability. These results indicate that construction of quinoidal molecule from TII moiety is a successful approach to enhance n-type charge transport characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Hsin Yu
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Shakil N. Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Chi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Yu Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Jung Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Chun Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research CenterNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
| | - Gene‐Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation CenterNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research CenterNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Energy level gamut-a wide-angle lens to look at photoelectronic properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole-benzothiadiazole-based small molecules. J Mol Model 2019; 25:224. [PMID: 31309358 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Demands in the field of molecular design for optimized bandgap and proper energy levels to obtain high efficiencies are growing progressively in organic electronics. In the present work, we designed a series of molecules based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and benzothiadiazoles (BT). We also studied the efeect of the presence and position of the nitrogen atom as an effective heteroatom. Finally, we optimized the energy levels of the designed structures to find the most favorable donor properties along with fullerene and non-fullerene (NF) acceptors in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell systems. To shed new light on the electronic characteristics of the designed structures, we developed a correction gamut of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. The gamut is a span that predicts the occurrence of practical HOMO or LUMO with high probability from density functional theory computations in the gas phase. The model was validated using experimental energy level values of a similar structure as reference material. The results obtained by the new pathway of combining the idea of energy level gamuts with the modified Scharber model for NF BHJ suggested that the designed structures can afford power conversion efficiencies (PCE) for NF-BHJ of 8.5-10.5%. Graphical abstract Improved approach for predicting power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of designed molecules.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sivakumar G, Paramasivam M, Bharath D, Rao VJ. Energy level tuning of ‘Z’-shaped small molecular non-fullerene electron acceptors based on a dipyrrolo[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazine-2,6(1H,5H)-dione acceptor unit for organic photovoltaic applications: a joint experimental and DFT investigation on the effect of fluorination. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05645e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Three dipyrrolo[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazine-2,6(1H,5H)-dione based small molecule non-fullerene acceptors with various end-capped fluorine units have been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangala Sivakumar
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Mahalingavelar Paramasivam
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division
| | - Dyaga Bharath
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- AcSIR
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maeda H, Tanaka K, Aratani M, Segi M. Ethynylpyrene Linked Benzocrown Ethers as Fluorescent Sensors for Metal Ions. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:762-772. [PMID: 30536779 DOI: 10.1111/php.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Substances containing ethynylpyrenes linked to either one or four benzocrown ethers were synthesized, and their absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic responses to metal ions were assessed. Addition of metal perchlorates to solutions of these substances promotes short wavelength shifts in their absorption and fluorescence maxima and increases in their fluorescence intensities. The magnitudes of the fluorescence intensity increases are dependent on the ring size and number of the crown ether and the nature of the metal cation. Association constants for complex formation were calculated using fluorescence intensity versus concentration data. Analysis using Job's plots showed that the substances containing one benzocrown ether moiety form 1:1 complexes with metal ions. Results of experiments employing repeated addition and removal of Mg(ClO4 )2 demonstrate that the ON-OFF fluorescence response can be repeated at least three times. Results of molecular orbital calculations show that complexation with metal ions lowers the energies of both the π and π* levels of the ethynylpyrene moiety and that in some cases the vacant orbital on the metal becomes the LUMO of the complex. An explanation of the spectroscopic changes promoted by metal ions is proposed in terms of electrostatic repulsion and structural regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Maeda
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mona Aratani
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahito Segi
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Busireddy MR, Raju Mantena VN, Chereddy NR, Shanigaram B, Kotamarthi B, Biswas S, Sharma GD, Vaidya JR. A dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole based, NIR absorbing, solution processable, small molecule donor for efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32096-32106. [PMID: 27847946 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, NIR absorbing organic small molecular donor material denoted as ICT3 with an A-D-D-D-A architecture having dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP) and butylrhodanine as donor and acceptor moieties, respectively, is synthesized and its thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties are explored. ICT3 has excellent stability over a broad range of temperatures with a decomposition temperature (Td corresponds to 5% weight loss) of 372 °C, soluble in most common organic solvents (solubility up to 30 mg mL-1) and suitable for solution processing during device fabrication. ICT3 has broad (520-820 nm) and intense visible region absorption (molar excitation coefficient is 1.69 × 105 mol-1 cm-1) and has suitable HOMO and LUMO energy levels with the [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) acceptor for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transfer. Bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJSCs) with an indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/ICT3:PC71BM/poly(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl)-alt-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) (PFN)/aluminium (Al) structure are fabricated and the BHJSCs with the active layer as cast from chloroform solution displayed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.04% (JSC = 8.22 mA cm-2, VOC = 0.86 V and FF = 0.43). Annealing the active layer significantly improved the PCE of these BHJSCs. While thermal annealing of the active layer improved the PCE of the BHJSCs to 4.94%, thermal followed by solvent vapour annealing enhanced the PCE to 6.53%. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy analyses are carried out on the active layer and these results revealed that annealing treatment improves the crystallinity and nanoscale morphology of the active layer, enriches the device exciton generation and dissociation efficiency, charge transport and collection efficiency and reduces carrier recombination. The observed higher PCE (6.53%) of the BHJSCs having ICT3 with a DTP donor moiety broadens the scope to develop new, efficient DTP based small molecular donor materials for BHJSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Reddy Busireddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | | | - Narendra Reddy Chereddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | - Balaiah Shanigaram
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Bhanuprakash Kotamarthi
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Subhayan Biswas
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, India.
| | - Ganesh Datt Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, India.
| | - Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India. and AcSIR, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Gong P, Li L, Sun J, Xue P, Lu R. Synthesis of π-extended N-fused heteroacenes via regioselective Cadogan reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
Shaik B, Han JH, Song DJ, Kang HM, Kim YB, Park CE, Lee SG. Synthesis of donor–acceptor copolymer using benzoselenadiazole as acceptor for OTFT. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesized copolymer has a low band gap and exhibits a hole mobility of around 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baji Shaik
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS)
- Graduate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS)
- Graduate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
| | - Dong Jin Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS)
- Graduate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
| | - Hun-Min Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS)
- Graduate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
| | - Ye Beyeol Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Organic Electronics Laboratory
- Polymer Research Institute
- Pohang 790-784
| | - Chan Eon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Organic Electronics Laboratory
- Polymer Research Institute
- Pohang 790-784
| | - Sang-Gyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS)
- Graduate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
| |
Collapse
|