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In Melting Points We Trust: A Review on the Misguiding Characterization of Multicomponent Reactions Adducts and Intermediates. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217552. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss herein the problems associated with using melting points to characterize multicomponent reactions’ (MCRs) products and intermediates. Although surprising, it is not rare to find articles in which these MCRs final adducts (or their intermediates) are characterized solely by comparing melting points with those available from other reports. A brief survey among specialized articles highlights serious and obvious problems with this practice since, for instance, cases are found in which as many as 25 quite contrasting melting points have been attributed to the very same MCR adduct. Indeed, it seems logical to assume that the inherent non-confirmatory nature of melting points could be vastly misleading as a protocol for structural confirmation, but still many publications (also in the Q1 and Q2 quartiles) insist on using it. This procedure contradicts best practices in organic synthesis, and articles fraught with limitations and misleading conclusions have been published in the MCRs field. The drawbacks inherent to this practice are indeed serious and have misguided MCRs advances. We therefore suggest some precautions aimed at avoiding future confusions.
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2
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Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081009. [PMID: 36015157 PMCID: PMC9416173 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions 9i.e., those that engage three or more starting materials to form a product that contains significant fragments of all of them), have been widely employed in the construction of compound libraries, especially in the context of diversity-oriented synthesis. While relatively less exploited, their use in target-oriented synthesis offers significant advantages in terms of synthetic efficiency. This review provides a critical summary of the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of active pharmaceutical principles.
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3
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Crotti AE, Previdi D, Donate PM, Scott McIndoe J. Real-time monitoring of a cobalt-mediated one-pot transition metal-catalyzed multicomponent reaction. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Simonetti SO, Pellegrinet SC. Theoretical Study of the Borono-Mannich Reaction with Pinacol Allenylboronate. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7494-7500. [PMID: 32364384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A density functional theory study of the mechanism of the Borono-Mannich reaction using benzylamine and piperidine as representative examples of primary and secondary amines with pinacol allenylboronate is presented. The study shows that both reactions progress through coordination between the boron and the phenolic oxygen. Ring size strain and hydrogen bond activation appear to determine the observed divergent regioselectivity. In the case of benzylamine, the eight-membered ring transition structure that leads to the propargylamine exhibits a hydrogen bond between the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen and the phenolic oxygen (γ-attack), whereas for piperidine a hydrogen bond between the hydrogen on the imine carbon and one of the oxygens of the pinacol group was observed in the six-membered ring transition structure toward the allenylamine (α-attack).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián O Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Silvina C Pellegrinet
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
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5
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Livingstone K, Bertrand S, Mowat J, Jamieson C. Metal-free C-C bond formation via coupling of nitrile imines and boronic acids. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10412-10416. [PMID: 32110332 PMCID: PMC6988605 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03032h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenges of developing sustainable methods of carbon-carbon bond formation remains a topic of considerable importance in synthetic chemistry. Capitalizing on the highly reactive nature of the nitrile imine 1,3-dipole, we have developed a novel metal-free coupling of this species with aryl boronic acids. Photochemical generation of a nitrile imine intermediate and trapping with a palette of boronic acids enabled rapid and facile access to a broad library of more than 25 hydrazone derivatives in up to 92% yield, forming a carbon-carbon bond in a metal free fashion. This represents the first reported example of direct reaction between boronic acids and a 1,3-dipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Livingstone
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral St , Glasgow G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Sophie Bertrand
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , UK
| | - Jenna Mowat
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral St , Glasgow G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral St , Glasgow G1 1XL , UK .
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6
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Wu P, Givskov M, Nielsen TE. Reactivity and Synthetic Applications of Multicomponent Petasis Reactions. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11245-11290. [PMID: 31454230 PMCID: PMC6813545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Petasis boron-Mannich reaction, simply referred to as the Petasis reaction, is a powerful multicomponent coupling reaction of a boronic acid, an amine, and a carbonyl derivative. Highly functionalized amines with multiple stereogenic centers can be efficiently accessed via the Petasis reaction with high levels of both diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. By drawing attention to examples reported in the past 8 years, this Review demonstrates the breadth of the reactivity and synthetic applications of Petasis reactions in several frontiers: the expansion of the substrate scope in the classic three-component process; nonclassic Petasis reactions with additional components; Petasis-type reactions with noncanonical substrates, mechanism, and products; new asymmetric versions assisted by chiral catalysts; combinations with a secondary or tertiary transformation in a cascade- or sequence-specific manner to access structurally complex, natural-product-like heterocycles; and the synthesis of polyhydroxy alkaloids and biologically interesting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Chemical
Genomics Center of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Medicine and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Costerton
Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Costerton
Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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7
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Asymmetric Organocatalytic C-C Bond Forming Reactions with Organoboron Compounds: A Mechanistic Survey. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Freitas EF, Souza RY, Passos STA, Dias JA, Dias SCL, Neto BAD. Tuning the Biginelli reaction mechanism by the ionic liquid effect: the combined role of supported heteropolyacid derivatives and acidic strength. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27125-27135. [PMID: 35528552 PMCID: PMC9070657 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a combination of heteropolyacids and ionic liquids as a catalytic system was studied for the Biginelli multicomponent reaction; the positive ionic liquid effect associated with the acidic strength of zeolite-supported heteropolyacids made this combination an efficient catalytic system for the multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives. The acidic strength effect was evaluated, and a range was determined in which the reaction provided better results. The mechanism of the reaction was also investigated in the presence and absence of ionic liquids, and two features of paramount importance were revealed: the mechanism could be tuned to proceed through only one reaction path among three possibilities and the kinetics of the reaction was significantly faster in the presence of an ionic liquid. Heteropolyacids and ionic liquid effect allowed tuning of the Biginelli reaction mechanism and synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives in an efficient, recyclable fashion. The role of acidic strength and supported heteropolyacid is disclosed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elon F. Freitas
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Chemistry Institute, (IQ-UnB)
- University of Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro – Asa Norte
- Brasília-DF
| | - Roberto Y. Souza
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília-DF
| | - Saulo T. A. Passos
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília-DF
| | - José A. Dias
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Chemistry Institute, (IQ-UnB)
- University of Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro – Asa Norte
- Brasília-DF
| | - Silvia C. L. Dias
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Chemistry Institute, (IQ-UnB)
- University of Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro – Asa Norte
- Brasília-DF
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília-DF
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9
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Ramos LM, Rodrigues MO, Neto BAD. Mechanistic knowledge and noncovalent interactions as the key features for enantioselective catalysed multicomponent reactions: a critical review. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7260-7269. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01088b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This critical short review focuses on some key features which determine successful enantioselective catalysed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and are typically underappreciated in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M. Ramos
- Unidade Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás
- Anápolis
- Brazil
| | | | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília
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10
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Alvim HGO, Pinheiro DLJ, Carvalho-Silva VH, Fioramonte M, Gozzo FC, da Silva WA, Amarante GW, Neto BAD. Combined Role of the Asymmetric Counteranion-Directed Catalysis (ACDC) and Ionic Liquid Effect for the Enantioselective Biginelli Multicomponent Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12143-12153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haline G. O. Alvim
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O. Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Danielle L. J. Pinheiro
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Campus Universitário São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Valter H. Carvalho-Silva
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Unidade Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, P.O. Box 459, Anápolis, Goiás 75001-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fioramonte
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Fabio C. Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Wender A. da Silva
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O. Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Giovanni W. Amarante
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Campus Universitário São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O. Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
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11
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Maryasin B, Kaldre D, Galaverna R, Klose I, Ruider S, Drescher M, Kählig H, González L, Eberlin MN, Jurberg ID, Maulide N. Unusual mechanisms in Claisen rearrangements: an ionic fragmentation leading to a meta-selective rearrangement. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4124-4131. [PMID: 29780542 PMCID: PMC5941282 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic investigation of the acid-catalysed redox-neutral oxoarylation reaction of ynamides using electrospray ionisation mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS) and quantum chemical calculations (DFT and MP2) is presented. This study reveals the diversity of pathways and products available from an otherwise deceptively simple-looking, classical transformation: fragmentation, an unusual meta-arylation and competing α-carbonyl cation pathways are some of the alternatives unveiled by ESI-MS and mechanistic experiments. Detailed calculations explain the observed trends and rationalise the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Maryasin
- University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria . ; .,University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Dainis Kaldre
- University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria . ;
| | - Renan Galaverna
- State University of Campinas , ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , Institute of Chemistry , Rua Monteiro Lobato 270 , 13083-970 , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Immo Klose
- University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria . ;
| | - Stefan Ruider
- University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria . ; .,University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Martina Drescher
- University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria . ;
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria . ;
| | - Leticia González
- University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- State University of Campinas , ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , Institute of Chemistry , Rua Monteiro Lobato 270 , 13083-970 , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Igor D Jurberg
- State University of Campinas , Institute of Chemistry , Rua Monteiro Lobato 270 , 13083-970 , Campinas , Brazil .
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria . ;
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12
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Paul J, Presset M, Le Gall E. Multicomponent Mannich-Like Reactions of Organometallic Species. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Paul
- Electrochimie et Synthèse Organique; Université Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC; 2-8 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Marc Presset
- Electrochimie et Synthèse Organique; Université Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC; 2-8 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Erwan Le Gall
- Electrochimie et Synthèse Organique; Université Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC; 2-8 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
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13
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Zhang J, Yun F, Xie R, Cheng C, Chen G, Li J, Tang P, Yuan Q. Petasis three-component reaction accelerated by trifluoroacetic acid: synthesis of indoline-derived glycines. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Catalytic activity of metal-doped porous materials in the salicylaldehyde Petasis-Borono Mannich reaction. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Galaverna R, Camilo NS, Godoi MN, Coelho F, Eberlin MN. Charge Tags for Most Comprehensive ESI-MS Monitoring of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH)/aza-MBH Reactions: Solid Mechanistic View and the Dualistic Role of the Charge Tagged Acrylate. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1089-98. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Galaverna
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O.
Box 6154, Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton S. Camilo
- Laboratory
of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marla N. Godoi
- Health Sciences Federal University of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Department of Pharmacoscience Sarmento Leite, Zip Code 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Laboratory
of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O.
Box 6154, Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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16
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Guerrera CA, Ryder TR. The Petasis Borono-Mannich Multicomponent Reaction. BORON REAGENTS IN SYNTHESIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1236.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cessandra A. Guerrera
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515, United States
| | - Todd R. Ryder
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515, United States
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