1
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Ding X, Zahid E, Unruh DK, Hutchins KM. Differences in thermal expansion and motion ability for herringbone and face-to-face π-stacked solids. IUCRJ 2022; 9:31-42. [PMID: 35059207 PMCID: PMC8733877 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521009593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of aromatic organic molecules functionalized with different halogen atoms (I/ Br), motion-capable groups (olefin, azo or imine) and molecular length were designed and synthesized. The molecules self-assemble in the solid state through halogen bonding and exhibit molecular packing sustained by either herringbone or face-to-face π-stacking, two common motifs in organic semiconductor molecules. Interestingly, dynamic pedal motion is only achieved in solids with herringbone packing. On average, solids with herringbone packing exhibit larger thermal expansion within the halogen-bonded sheets due to motion occurrence and molecular twisting, whereas molecules with face-to-face π-stacking do not undergo motion or twisting. Thermal expansion along the π-stacked direction is surprisingly similar, but slightly larger for the face-to-face π-stacked solids due to larger changes in π-stacking distances with temperature changes. The results speak to the importance of crystal packing and intermolecular interaction strength when designing aromatic-based solids for organic electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Ethan Zahid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Kristin M. Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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2
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Mandal T, Dey A, Seth SK, Ortega-Castro J, Rheingold AL, Ray PP, Frontera A, Mukhopadhyay S. Influence of 2-Amino-4-methylpyridine and 2-Aminopyrimidine Ligands on the Malonic Acid-Cu(II) System: Insights through Supramolecular Interactions and Photoresponse Properties. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:460-470. [PMID: 31956792 PMCID: PMC6964274 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two Cu(II)-malonate complexes with 2-amino-4-methylpyridine (complex 1) and 2-aminopyrimidine (complex 2) auxiliary ligands were synthesized, and their single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures were established. Change in the auxiliary ligand exhibits substantial structural variation in the present complexes. Complex 1 shows a one-dimensional anionic copper-malonate moiety connected by the malonate bridge, whereas complex 2 is a mononuclear one. For both the complexes, auxiliary ligands are attached with the Cu-malonate moiety through various noncovalent interactions. Optical band gap, electrical conductivity, and photosensitivity of complexes 1 and 2 were measured, but the values of electrical parameters of the complexes significantly differ from each other. However, the magnitudes of electrical parameters increase several times for both the complexes when they are exposed under visible light, though the values of light sensing parameters of complex 1 were found to be higher than those of complex 2. Density functional theory calculations for complex 1 were carried out to support the experimental result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arka Dey
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sec. III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Saikat Kumar Seth
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes
Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, Urey Hall 5128, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Partha Pratim Ray
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes
Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Subrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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3
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Cui W, Wang X, Li B, Zhang Y, Yang J. Novel liquid crystalline organogelators based on terephthalic acid and terephthalaldehyde derivatives: properties and promotion through the formation of halogen bonding. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05811g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Terephthalic acid-based aromatic amides A1 and A2 and a terephthalaldehyde Schiff-base SB are synthesized, allowing stable gelation with numerous types of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
| | - Junjiao Yang
- Analysis and Test Center of Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
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4
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A Raman Spectroscopic and Computational Study of New Aromatic Pyrimidine-Based Halogen Bond Acceptors. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new aromatic pyrimidine-based derivatives designed specifically for halogen bond directed self-assembly are investigated through a combination of high-resolution Raman spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and computational quantum chemistry. The vibrational frequencies of these new molecular building blocks, pyrimidine capped with furan (PrmF) and thiophene (PrmT), are compared to those previously assigned for pyrimidine (Prm). The modifications affect only a select few of the normal modes of Prm, most noticeably its signature ring breathing mode, ν1. Structural analyses afforded by X-ray crystallography, and computed interaction energies from density functional theory computations indicate that, although weak hydrogen bonding (C–H···O or C–H···N interactions) is present in these pyrimidine-based solid-state co-crystals, halogen bonding and π-stacking interactions play more dominant roles in driving their molecular-assembly.
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5
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Ohshita J, Sugino M, Ooyama Y, Adachi Y. Synthesis of Pyridinothienogermoles as Unsymmetrically Condensed Germoles. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Michitaka Sugino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yohei Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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6
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Johnson SN, Ellington TL, Ngo DT, Nevarez JL, Sparks N, Rheingold AL, Watkins DL, Tschumper GS. Probing non-covalent interactions driving molecular assembly in organo-electronic building blocks. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One co-crystal structure characterized to identify and quantify various non-covalent interactions with spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and density functional theory computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | - Thomas L. Ellington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | - Duong T. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | - Jorge L. Nevarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | - Nicholas Sparks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | | | - Davita L. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
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7
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Weldeab AO, Li L, Cekli S, Abboud KA, Schanze KS, Castellano RK. Pyridine-terminated low gap π-conjugated oligomers: design, synthesis, and photophysical response to protonation and metalation. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00963e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine terminated donor–acceptor π-conjugated oligomers have been prepared and their absorption and emission properties have been evaluated with respect to protonation and metalation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Seda Cekli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | | | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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8
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Ellington TL, Reves PL, Simms BL, Wilson JL, Watkins DL, Tschumper GS, Hammer NI. Quantifying the Effects of Halogen Bonding by Haloaromatic Donors on the Acceptor Pyrimidine. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1267-1273. [PMID: 28247539 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of intermolecular interactions by a series of haloaromatic halogen bond donors on the normal modes and chemical shifts of the acceptor pyrimidine are investigated by Raman and NMR spectroscopies and electronic structure computations. Halogen-bond interactions with pyrimidine's nitrogen atoms shift normal modes to higher energy and upfield shift 1 H and 13 C NMR peaks in adjacent nuclei. This perturbation of vibrational normal modes is reminiscent of the effects of hydrogen bonded networks of water, methanol, or silver on pyrimidine. The unexpected observation of vibrational red shifts and downfield 13 C NMR shifts in some complexes suggests that other intermolecular forces such as π interactions are competing with halogen bonding. Natural bond orbital analyses indicate a wide range of charge transfer is possible from pyrimidine to different haloaromatic donors and computed halogen bond binding energies can be larger than a typical hydrogen bond. These results emphasize the importance in strategic selection of substituents and electron withdrawing groups in developing supramolecular structures based on halogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Ellington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Peyton L Reves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Briana L Simms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Jamey L Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Davita L Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
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9
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Santos LA, da Cunha EFF, Ramalho TC. Toward the Classical Description of Halogen Bonds: A Quantum Based Generalized Empirical Potential for Fluorine, Chlorine, and Bromine. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2442-2451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine F. F. da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Center for Basic
and Applied Research, University Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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