1
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Zhang H, Li M, Wang K, Chen Y, Liao B, Wang Q, Yi W. An Accesss to 4,5,6-Trisubstituted Pyrimidines from 2 H-Azirines and α-Isocyanoacetates or α-Isocyanoacetamides Enabled by 1,3-Dipolar [3 + 2] Cycloaddition/Ring-Expanding/Oxidative Aromatization Process. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1692-1702. [PMID: 38207341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The products containing pyrimidine scaffolds exhibit various important physiological and biological activities. To date, the strategies to generate 4,5,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines were not reported. Here, a copper-catalyzed reaction of 2H-azirines with α-isocyanoacetates or α-isocyanoacetamides has been developed, rapidly preparing 4,5,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines. The mechanistic results reveal that this strategy underwent a formal 1, 3-dipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition/ring-expanding/oxidative aromatization procedure to construct the desired pyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Mengfan Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Benren Liao
- Shanghai No.4 Reagent Chemical Co., Ltd. Shanghai 201512, P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Yi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
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2
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Fang F, Xia J, Quan S, Chen S, Deng GJ. Metal- and Solvent-Free Synthesis of Substituted Pyrimidines via an NH 4I-Promoted Three-Component Tandem Reaction. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14697-14707. [PMID: 37773063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
A facile and practical approach for the preparation of substituted pyrimidines from ketones, NH4OAc, and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal has been described. This NH4I-promoted three-component tandem reaction affords a broad range of substituted pyrimidines in acceptable yields under metal- and solvent-free conditions. The present methodology features the advantages of simple and easily available starting materials, metal- and solvent-free conditions, a broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance, and gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Siying Quan
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Shanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
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3
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Ramesh E, Nandawadekar LD, Rao RS, Reddy DS. Scalable Synthesis of Silacyclohexanones and Ready Access to Silicon Building Blocks. Org Lett 2023; 25:6881-6885. [PMID: 37683284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient two-step method for the synthesis of silacyclohexanones starting from bis(bromoethylsilanes) using TosMIC is presented. The prepared silacyclohexanones were transformed to nine different heterocycles with silicon incorporation. In addition, the developed methodology was used for the synthesis of a sila analogue of the HDAC6 inhibitor tubastatin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eagala Ramesh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Laxman D Nandawadekar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramana Sreenivasa Rao
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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4
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Catalyzed Methods to Synthesize Pyrimidine and Related Heterocyclic Compounds. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers articles published in the period from 2010 to mid-2022 on synthetic advances in the formation of pyrimidine and related heterocyclic compounds. Special emphasis has been given to the different types of cycloadditions, taking into account the number of their components and leading to the formation of the pyrimidine ring. Due to the large number of publications on the Biginelli reaction and related reactions, this will be dealt with in a separate review in the near future.
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5
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Fang F, Zheng H, Li W, Mao G, Chen S, Deng G. Metal‐ and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Maleimide Fused Carbazoles from (Indol‐3‐Yl)cyclohexanones and Maleimides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University Yiyang 413000 People's Republic of China
| | - Haolin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Weipeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Guojiang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Shanping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
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6
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Foley DJ, Waldmann H. Ketones as strategic building blocks for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4094-4120. [PMID: 35506561 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural product-inspired compound collections serve as excellent sources for the identification of new bioactive compounds to treat disease. However, such compounds must necessarily be more structurally-enriched than traditional screening compounds, therefore inventive synthetic strategies and reliable methods are needed to prepare them. Amongst the various possible starting materials that could be considered for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds, ketones can be especially valuable due to the vast variety of complexity-building synthetic transformations that they can take part in, their high prevalence as commercial building blocks, and relative ease of synthesis. With a view towards developing a unified synthetic strategy for the preparation of next generation bioactive compound collections, this review considers whether ketones could serve as general precursors in this regard, and summarises the opulence of synthetic transformations available for the annulation of natural product ring-systems to ketone starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Foley
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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7
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Zhang FG, Chen Z, Tang X, Ma JA. Triazines: Syntheses and Inverse Electron-demand Diels-Alder Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14555-14593. [PMID: 34586777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Triazines are an important class of six-membered aromatic heterocycles possessing three nitrogen atoms, resulting in three types of regio-isomers: 1,2,4-triazines (a-triazines), 1,2,3-triazines (v-triazines), and 1,3,5-triazines (s-triazines). Notably, the application of triazines as cyclic aza-dienes in inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition reactions has been established as a unique and powerful method in N-heterocycle synthesis, natural product preparation, and bioorthogonal chemistry. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the advances in the construction of these triazines via annulation and ring-expansion reactions, especially emphasizing recent developments and challenges. The synthetic transformations of triazines are focused on IEDDA cycloaddition reactions, which have allowed access to a wide scope of heterocycles, including pyridines, carbolines, azepines, pyridazines, pyrazines, and pyrimidines. The utilization of triazine IEDDA reactions as key steps in natural product synthesis is also discussed. More importantly, a particular attention is paid on the bioorthogonal application of triazines in fast click ligation with various strained alkenes and alkynes, which opens a new opportunity for studying biomolecules in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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8
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Vidal M, Rodríguez‐Aguilar J, Aburto I, Aliaga C, Domínguez M. Reactivity of 4‐pyrimidyl Sulfonic Esters in Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Water Under Microwave Irradiation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Vidal
- Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad de Santiago de Chile Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Chile
| | - José Rodríguez‐Aguilar
- Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad de Santiago de Chile Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Chile
| | - Ignacio Aburto
- Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad de Santiago de Chile Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Chile
| | - Carolina Aliaga
- Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad de Santiago de Chile Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Chile
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología CEDENNA Universidad de Santiago de Chile Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Chile
| | - Moisés Domínguez
- Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad de Santiago de Chile Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Chile
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9
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Mehrabi H, Hajipour M, Rezazadeh‐Jabalbarezi F, Alizadeh‐Bami F. Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles and 2,4,5,6‐tetrasubstituted pyrimidines: three‐component, the one‐pot reaction of arylamidines, malononitrile, and arylglyoxals or aryl aldehydes. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mehrabi
- Department of ChemistryVali‐e‐Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Iran
| | - Mina Hajipour
- Department of ChemistryVali‐e‐Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Iran
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10
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da Silva MRE, Auvray T, Hanan GS. Synthesis of a novel bipyrimidine dicarboxylic acid ligand for the preparation of panchromatic ruthenium dyes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Rodríguez-Aguilar J, Vidal M, Pastenes C, Aliaga C, Rezende MC, Domínguez M. The Solvatofluorochromism of 2,4,6-Triarylpyrimidine Derivatives. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1100-1108. [PMID: 29984405 DOI: 10.1111/php.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seven new 2,4,6-triarylpyrimidines were synthesized and their solvatofluorochromism investigated in 12 solvents and in an aqueous micellar solution of reduced Triton X-100. A multiparametric analysis of their emission band showed that the solvent dipolarity and basicity were mainly responsible for their solvatofluorochromism, which arose from an internal charge-transfer from a donor fragment to the pyrimidine acceptor, confirmed by theoretical calculations. In the micellar system, quenching of their fluorescence by addition of derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxyl (TEMPO) radical was investigated and the results were consistent with the spectral changes brought about by the micro-heterogeneous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matías Vidal
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Pastenes
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Aliaga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología-CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Moisés Domínguez
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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13
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Geng X, Wu X, Zhao P, Zhang J, Wu YD, Wu AX. Synergistic I2/Amine Promoted Povarov-Type Reaction for the Synthesis of 2-Acyl-3-aryl(alkyl)quinolines Using Aryl(alkyl)acetaldehydes as Alkene Surrogates. Org Lett 2017; 19:4179-4182. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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14
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Wang S, Lu H, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Wu Y. Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of sodium pyrimidinecarboxylates with (hetero)aryl bromides. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Mahfoudh M, Abderrahim R, Leclerc E, Campagne JM. Recent Approaches to the Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mafakher Mahfoudh
- Institut Charles Gerhardt - UMR 5253 CNRS; Ecole Nationale Supérieur de Chimie de Montpellier; 8, rue de L'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte; Université de Carthage; 7021 Jarzouna Tunisie
| | - Raoudha Abderrahim
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte; Université de Carthage; 7021 Jarzouna Tunisie
| | - Eric Leclerc
- Institut Charles Gerhardt - UMR 5253 CNRS; Ecole Nationale Supérieur de Chimie de Montpellier; 8, rue de L'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Jean-Marc Campagne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt - UMR 5253 CNRS; Ecole Nationale Supérieur de Chimie de Montpellier; 8, rue de L'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
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16
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Yang K, Dang Q, Bai X. Organocatalytic Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reactions of Ketones with 1,3,5-Triazines. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University; The College of Chemistry and The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Lu 130021 Changchun, Jilin P. R. China
| | - Qun Dang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University; The College of Chemistry and The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Lu 130021 Changchun, Jilin P. R. China
| | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University; The College of Chemistry and The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Lu 130021 Changchun, Jilin P. R. China
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17
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Yang K, Dang Q, Cai PJ, Gao Y, Yu ZX, Bai X. Reaction of Aldehydes/Ketones with Electron-Deficient 1,3,5-Triazines Leading to Functionalized Pyrimidines as Diels-Alder/Retro-Diels-Alder Reaction Products: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Studies. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2336-2344. [PMID: 28112917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions of heterocyclic aza-dienes are rarely reported since highly reactive and electron-rich dienophiles are often found not compatible with strong acids such as Lewis acids. Herein, we disclose that TFA-catalyzed reactions of electron-deficient 1,3,5-triazines and electron-deficient aldehydes/ketones can take place. These reactions led to highly functionalized pyrimidines as products in fair to good yields. The reaction mechanism was carefully studied by the combination of experimental and computational studies. The reactions involve a cascade of stepwise inverse electron demand hetero-Diels-Alder (ihDA) reactions, followed by retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reactions and elimination of water. An acid was required for both ihDA and rDA reactions. This mechanism was further verified by comparing the relative reactivity of aldehydes/ketones and their corresponding vinyl ethers in the current reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The College of Chemistry and The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , 1266 Fujin Rd., Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Qun Dang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The College of Chemistry and The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , 1266 Fujin Rd., Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Jun Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The College of Chemistry and The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , 1266 Fujin Rd., Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
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18
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Su X, Bu L, Dong H, Fu S, Zhuo R, Zhong Z. An injectable PEG-based hydrogel synthesized by strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition for use as an embolic agent. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23551k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooctyne and azide functionalized PEGs are prepared by ring-opening polymerization. They form a biodegradable hydrogel in situ to temporarily block rabbit ear vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Linlin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Shuangli Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenlin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
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