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JAGIRANI MS, SOYLAK M. Arsenic speciation by using emerging sample preparation techniques: a review. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:991-1006. [PMID: 38173749 PMCID: PMC10760823 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a hazardous element that causes environmental pollution. Due to its toxicological effects, it is crucial to quantify and minimize the hazardous impact on the ecology. Despite the significant advances in analytical techniques, sample preparation is still crucial for determining target analytes in complex matrices. Several factors affect the direct analysis, such as trace-level analysis, advanced regulatory requirements, complexity of sample matrices, and incompatible with analytical instrumentation. Along with the development in the sample preparation process, microextraction methods play an essential role in the sample preparation process. Microextraction techniques (METs) are the newest green approach that replaces traditional sample preparation and preconcentration methods. METs have minimized the limitation of conventional sample preparation methods while keeping all their benefits. METs improve extraction efficacy, are fast, automated, use less amount of solvents, and are suitable for the environment. Microextraction techniques with less solvent consumption, such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) solvent-free methods, and liquid phase microextraction (LPME), are widely used in modern analytical procedures. SPME development focuses on synthesizing new sorbents and applying online sample preparation, whereas LPME research investigates the utilization of new solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqaf JAGIRANI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkiye
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R.
China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R.
China
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Kayseri,
Turkiye
| | - Mustafa SOYLAK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkiye
- Technology Research and Application Center (ERUTAUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkiye
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Ankara,
Turkiye
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Chirita L, Covaci E, Ponta M, Frentiu T. Unified analysis method for total and inorganic As determination in foodstuffs by hydride generation high-resolution continuum source quartz tube atomic absorption spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1734-1746. [PMID: 36939005 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A unified analytical method applicable to common foodstuff matrices was developed and characterized for total and inorganic arsenic determination by hydride generation high-resolution continuum source quartz tube atomic absorption spectrometry, which was established based on different sample preparation procedures. This new method was found to be interference-free and cost-effective in terms of reagents consumption for sample preparation and derivatization to arsine for the inorganic arsenic fraction. Microwave-assisted digestion in HNO3-H2O2 for total arsenic and extraction in 0.28 mol L-1 HNO3 by mechanical stirring in a water bath or ultrasound-assisted extraction in 0.01 mol L-1 HCl without separation of inorganic As, all coupled with arsine generation in 0.01 mol L-1 HCl medium with 0.6% NaBH4 in 0.01% NaOH in the presence of 0.2% L-cysteine was found to be suitable for all matrices. The results were statistically compared by applying Tukey's and Dunnett's multiple comparison methods (p > 0.05). The use of external calibration with As(III) standards and standard addition method for quantification showed the lack of non-spectral interferences from the multimineral matrices, resulting in a reliable method for total/inorganic As determination in various foodstuffs. The limits of detection for total/inorganic As using peak height measurement were 0.0044 ± 0.0005/0.0022 ± 0.0003 mg kg-1 (n = 25 days). The overall recovery for total/inorganic As in the certified reference materials was in the range of 98% ± 22%, and 99% ± 24% (k = 2). The extraction of inorganic As in 0.01 mol L-1 HCl and 0.28 mol L-1 HNO3 provided the recovery of 106% ± 25% and 100% ± 25% (k = 2), which was better than in 10 mol L-1 HCl. The precision of measurements in real samples of fish muscle, meat and organs, rice and rice-based baby foods with contents of 0.052-5.29 mg kg-1 total As and 0.005-0.063 mg kg-1 inorganic As was 9.8-18.8% and 8.7-32.0%, respectively, which was calculated based on the combined uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Chirita
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Babes-Bolyai University, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Covaci
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Babes-Bolyai University, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michaela Ponta
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Babes-Bolyai University, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Frentiu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Babes-Bolyai University, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Semiautomatic method for the ultra-trace arsenic speciation in environmental and biological samples via magnetic solid phase extraction prior to HPLC-ICP-MS determination. Talanta 2021; 235:122769. [PMID: 34517627 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel magnetic functionalized material based on graphene oxide and magnetic nanoparticles (MGO) was used to develop a magnetic solid phase extraction method (MSPE) to enrich both, inorganic and organic arsenic species in environmental waters and biological samples. An automatic flow injection (FI) system was used to preconcentrate the arsenic species simultaneously, while the ultra-trace separation and determination of arsenobetaine (AsBet), cacodylate, AsIII and AsV species were achieved by high performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). The sample was introduced in the FI system where the MSPE was performed, then 1 mL of eluent was collected in a chromatographic vial, which was introduced in the autosampler of HPLC-ICP-MS. Therefore, preconcentration and separation/determination processes were automatic and conducted separately. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method combining an automatic MSPE with HPLC-ICP-MS for arsenic speciation, using a magnetic nanomaterial based on MGO for automatic MSPE. Under the optimized conditions, the LODs for the arsenic species were 3.8 ng L-1 AsBet, 0.5 ng L-1 cacodylate, 1.1 ng L-1 AsIII and 0.2 ng L-1 AsV with RSDs <5%. The developed method was validated by analyzing Certified Reference Materials for total As concentration (fortified lake water TMDA 64.3 and seawater CASS-6 NRC) and also by recovery analysis of the arsenic species in urine, well-water and seawater samples collected in Málaga. The developed method has shown promise for routine monitoring of arsenic species in environmental waters and biological fluids.
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Lum JTS, Chan YN, Leung KSY. Current applications and future perspectives on elemental analysis of non-invasive samples for human biomonitoring. Talanta 2021; 234:122683. [PMID: 34364482 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to numerous environmental pollutants including potentially toxic elements. Essential elements play an important role in human health. Abnormal elemental levels in the body, in different forms that existed, have been reported to be correlated with different diseases and environmental exposure. Blood is the conventional biological sample used in human biomonitoring. However, blood samples can only reflect short-term exposure and require invasive sampling, which poses infection risk to individuals. In recent years, the number of research evaluating the effectiveness of non-invasive samples (hair, nails, urine, meconium, breast milk, placenta, cord blood, saliva and teeth) for human biomonitoring is increasing. These samples can be collected easily and provide extra information in addition to blood analysis. Yet, the correlation between the elemental concentration in non-invasive samples and in blood is not well established, which hinders the application of those samples in routine human biomonitoring. This review aims at providing a fundamental overview of analytical methods of non-invasive samples in human biomonitoring. The content covers the sample collection and pretreatment, sample preparation and instrumental analysis. The technical discussions are separated into solution analysis and solid analysis. In the last section, the authors highlight some of the perspectives on the future of elemental analysis in human biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Tsz-Shan Lum
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yun-Nam Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China.
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Kisomi AS, Alizadeh T, Shakeri A, Nouri A, Farsadrooh M, Najafi AsliPashaki S. Application of μ-TLC for speciation of inorganic arsenic by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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ERTAŞ N, BURGAZ S, BERKKAN A, ALP O. Evaluation of arsenic concentration in poultry and calf meat samples by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.765186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ghorbani M, Aghamohammadhassan M, Ghorbani H, Zabihi A. Trends in sorbent development for dispersive micro-solid phase extraction. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Welna M, Szymczycha-Madeja A, Pohl P. Non-chromatographic Speciation of As by HG Technique-Analysis of Samples with Different Matrices. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214944. [PMID: 33114574 PMCID: PMC7663061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicability of the hydride generation (HG) sample introduction technique combined with different spectrochemical detection methods for non-chromatographic speciation of toxic As species, i.e., As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinate (DMA) and monomethylarsonate (MMA), in waters and other environmental, food and biological matrices is presented as a promising tool to speciate As by obviating chromatographic separation. Different non-chromatographic procedures along with speciation protocols reported in the literature over the past 20 year are summarized. Basic rules ensuring species selective generation of the corresponding hydrides are presented in detail. Common strategies and alternative approaches are highlighted. Aspects of proper sample preparation before analysis and the selection of adequate strategies for speciation purposes are emphasized.
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Recent developments in determination and speciation of arsenic in environmental and biological samples by atomic spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Carbon-based sorbents and their nanocomposites for the enrichment of heavy metal ions: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:578. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Naderi M, Ebrahimi F, Najafi M, Naderi H. Reinforcing effect of amine‐functionalized and carboxylated porous graphene on toughness, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of epoxy‐based nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Naderi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Engineering, University of Tehran P.O. Box 11155‐4563 Tehran Iran
| | - Farnaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Engineering, University of Tehran P.O. Box 11155‐4563 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Engineering, University of Tehran P.O. Box 11155‐4563 Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Naderi
- Process & Equipment Technology Development DivisionResearch Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) Tehran Iran
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Effervescent tablets containing magnetic ionic liquids as a non-conventional extraction and dispersive agent for speciation of arsenite and arsenate in vegetable samples. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Du LJ, Chu C, Warner E, Wang QY, Hu YH, Chai KJ, Cao J, Peng LQ, Chen YB, Yang J, Zhang QD. Rapid microwave-assisted dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of mycotoxins in food using zirconia nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1561:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lukojko E, Talik E, Gagor A, Sitko R. Highly selective determination of ultratrace inorganic arsenic species using novel functionalized miniaturized membranes. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1008:57-65. [PMID: 29420944 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for highly selective determination of trace and ultratrace arsenic ions, i.e. arsenite and arsenate, was developed. The method is based on new miniaturized membranes, 5 mm diameter and 4.4 mg weight, which are prepared by synthesis of amorphous silica coating on cellulose fibers followed by the modification with (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane. The batch adsorption experiments show that membranes have high selectivity toward arsenite in the presence of heavy metals and anions that usually exist in natural water. Arsenite can be quantitatively adsorbed at pH 1 from 50 mL sample within 60 min using the miniaturized membrane with maximum adsorption capacity of 60 mg g-1. The excellent adsorptive properties of membranes open the path to simple and selective determination of trace and ultratrace arsenite in water. Moreover, the membranes can be applied in the arsenic speciation due to their selectivity toward arsenite in the presence of arsenate. After adsorption, the arsenite retained onto the membrane is directly measured by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, avoiding elution step usually required in other spectroscopy techniques. The method is characterized by excellent enrichment factor of 972, detection limit of 0.045 ng mL-1 and can be successfully applied in analysis of high salinity water, which is difficult to analyze by other spectroscopy techniques. The proposed method is a solvent-free approach based on the use of miniaturized membranes as sorbent followed by the direct measurement using a low-power X-ray spectrometer without either elution step or gas consumption during measurement. It can be considered as environmentally friendly and meets the standards of green analytical chemistry principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Lukojko
- University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Talik
- University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Gagor
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1410, 50-950 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafal Sitko
- University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
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Ahmadi M, Elmongy H, Madrakian T, Abdel-Rehim M. Nanomaterials as sorbents for sample preparation in bioanalysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 958:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Shirkhanloo H, Khaligh A, Mousavi HZ, Rashidi A. Ultrasound assisted-dispersive-ionic liquid-micro-solid phase extraction based on carboxyl-functionalized nanoporous graphene for speciation and determination of trace inorganic and organic mercury species in water and caprine blood samples. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jia X, Gong D, Wang J, Huang F, Duan T, Zhang X. Arsenic speciation in environmental waters by a new specific phosphine modified polymer microsphere preconcentration and HPLC–ICP-MS determination. Talanta 2016; 160:437-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang X, Xu G, Chen P, Liu X, Fang Y, Yang S, Wang G. Arsenic speciation analysis in environmental water, sediment and soil samples by magnetic ionic liquid-based air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This highly efficient separation method combines the advantages of magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (AALLME) for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Liu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Fang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Yang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhen Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
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TÜRKER AR. Speciation of trace metals and metalloids by solid phase extraction with spectrometric detection: a critical review. Turk J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1603-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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