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Mala John GS, Takeuchi S, Venkatraman G, Rayala SK. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in Therapeutics: Beneficial to Toxicity Profiles and the Search for its Analogs. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:86-103. [PMID: 31642411 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191022141547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a plant lignan obtained from creosote bush, Larrea tridentata and is known to possess antioxidant, anticancer activities and is used in traditional medicine in North America and Mexico. However, its prolonged consumption leads to liver damage and kidney dysfunction. Despite its toxicity and side effects, there is little awareness to forbid its consumption and its use in the treatment of medical ailments has continued over the years. Several reports discuss its therapeutic efficiency and its medical applications have tremendously been on the rise to date. There has been a recent surge of interest in the chemical synthesis of NDGA derivatives for therapeutic applications. NDGA derivatives have been developed as better alternatives to NDGA. Although several NDGA derivatives have been chemically synthesized as evidenced by recent literature, there is a paucity of information on their therapeutic efficacies. This review is to highlight the medicinal applications of NDGA, its toxicity evaluations and discuss the chemical derivatives of NDGA synthesized and studied so far and suggest to continue research interests in the development of NDGA analogs for therapeutic applications. We suggest that NDGA derivatives should be investigated more in terms of chemical synthesis with preferred conformational structures and exploit their biological potentials with future insights to explore in this direction to design and develop structurally modified NDGA derivatives for potential pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoru Takeuchi
- Factory of Takeuchi Nenshi, TAKENEN, 85NE Takamatsu, Kahoku Ishikawa 929-1215, Japan
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Sri Ramachandra Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai-600116, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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2
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Chen Q, Zhu M, Xie J, Dong Z, Khushafah F, Yun D, Fu W, Wang L, Wei T, Liu Z, Qiu P, Wu J, Li W. Design and Synthesis of Novel Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) Analogues as Potential FGFR1 Kinase Inhibitors With Anti-Gastric Activity and Chemosensitizing Effect. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:518068. [PMID: 33041789 PMCID: PMC7517944 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.518068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1), a key driver promoting gastric cancer (GC) progression and chemo-resistance, has been increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target in GC. Hereon, we designed and synthesized a series of asymmetric analogues using Af23 and NDGA as lead compounds by retaining the basic structural framework (bisaryl-1,4-dien-3-one) and the unilateral active functional groups (3,4-dihydroxyl). Thereinto, Y14 showed considerable inhibitory activity against FGFR1. Next, pharmacological experiments showed that Y14 could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and its downstream kinase AKT and ERK, thus inhibiting the growth, survival, and migration of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, compared with 5-FU treatment alone, the combination of Y14 and 5-FU significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of FGFR1, and enhanced the anti-cancer effect by inhibiting the viability and colony formation in two gastric cancer cell lines. These results confirmed that Y14 exerted anti-gastric activity and chemosensitizing effect by inhibiting FGFR1 phosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathway in vitro. This work also provides evidence that Y14, an effective FGFR1 inhibitor, could be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy to treat gastric cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Dong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fatehi Khushafah
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Di Yun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ledan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peihong Qiu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wulan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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3
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Topical delivery of nordihydroguaretic acid for attenuating cutaneous damage caused by arsenicals. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020; 58. [PMID: 32684991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the topical delivery of nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA), a molecule that can potentially alleviate cutaneous damage caused by exposure to arsenic warfare chemicals. N-acetylcysteine (NAC 0.2% w/v) was added as an antioxidant, preventing the oxidation of NDGA to toxic quinones. A 24 h study was performed to arrive at a minimum concentration of NDGA needed to deliver maximum drug. A solution of 3% w/v delivered the maximum amount of drug at the end of 24 h (37.45 ± 4.32 μg). Short duration studies were carried out to determine the time needed to saturate skin with NDGA. There was no significant difference in the skin concentrations for 24 h and 8 h (14.89 ± 2.36 μg), due to skin saturation. However, there was significant difference in the amount of drug delivered to the epidermis (12.29 ± 1.87 μg) and dermis (2.54 ± 0.56 μg) at the end of 8 h. Solution of NDGA was applied on UV treated skin to assess changes in drug delivery. In vivo studies revealed that 3% NDGA was non-toxic for topical administration.
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Rahmani A, Zavvar Mousavi H, Salehi R, Bagheri A. Novel pH-sensitive and biodegradable micelles for the combined delivery of doxorubicin and conferone to induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29228-29246. [PMID: 35521092 PMCID: PMC9055950 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
pH-sensitive micelles are desirable for co-drug delivery in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Rahmani
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Semnan University
- Semnan
- Iran
| | | | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology
| | - Ahmad Bagheri
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Semnan University
- Semnan
- Iran
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Hong Z, Zheng C, Luo B, You X, Bian H, Liang H, Chen Z, Huang F. Two groups of copper II pyridine–triazole complexes with “open or close” pepper rings and their in vitro antitumor activities. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6297-6305. [PMID: 35496028 PMCID: PMC9049676 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on 1,2-dimethoxyphenyl (veratrole, open) and 1,2-methylenedioxyphenyl (pepper ring, close)-derived pyridine–triazole analogues, two groups of copper(ii) complexes, namely, Group I(C1–C3) and Group II(C4–C6) were synthesized and fully characterized. All ligands and complexes were tested in vitro by MTT assays on seven tumour cell lines (T24, Hep-G2, Sk-Ov-3, MGC-803, HeLa, A549 and NCI-H460) and one normal liver cell line (HL-7702). Surprisingly, the pepper-ring-derived complexes (C4–C6) showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity compared with the 1,2-bimethoxyphenyl ring-derived complexes (C1–C3) and the standard anticancer drug cisplatin. Cellular uptake assays indicated that the Cu accumulation was consistent with cytotoxicity. In addition, flow cytometry and western blot analysis showed that the apoptosis of the leading complex C4 may be induced by the Bcl-2 family-mediated proteins through the mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. Furthermore, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy assays revealed that C4 has stronger insertion-binding interactions with CT-DNA than C1 and the fluorescence of C1 and C4 with BSA is mainly quenched by static quenching. The pepper ring-modified complexes (Group II, C4–C6) exhibited significant antitumor activity than veratrole-modified complexes (Group I, C1–C3) towards several cancer cells with IC50 ranging from 3.45 to 8.59 μM.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoGuo Hong
- State Key State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Chu Zheng
- State Key State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Bi Luo
- State Key State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Xin You
- State Key State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - HeDong Bian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University for Nationalities
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products
- Nanning 530008
- PR China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - ZhenFeng Chen
- State Key State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - FuPing Huang
- State Key State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
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Naderinezhad S, Amoabediny G, Haghiralsadat F. Co-delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic anticancer drugs using biocompatible pH-sensitive lipid-based nano-carriers for multidrug-resistant cancers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous prolonged delivery of therapeutic gene, hydrophilic and hydrophobic anticancer drugs using biocompatible pH-sensitive LipoNiosome has been considered as a novel and promising method in order to treatment multi-drug resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Naderinezhad
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Iran
| | - Ghasem Amoabediny
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Iran
| | - Fateme Haghiralsadat
- Department of Life Science Engineering
- Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies
- University of Tehran
- Iran
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