Bonding Relationship between Silicon and Germanium with Group 13 and Heavier Elements of Groups 14-16

The topic of heavier main group compounds possessing multiple bonds is the subject of momentous interest in modern organometallic chemistry. Importantly, there is an excitement involving the discovery of unprecedented compounds with unique bonding modes. The research in this area is still expanding, particularly the reactivity aspects of these compounds. This article aims to describe the overall developments reported on the stable derivatives of silicon and germanium involved in multiple bond formation with other group 13, and heavier groups 14, 15, and 16 elements. The synthetic strategies, structural features, and their reactivity towards different nucleophiles, unsaturated organic substrates, and in small molecule activation are discussed. Further, their physical and chemical properties are described based on their spectroscopic and theoretical studies.

Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions Promoted by Aluminyl and Alumoxane Anions: Introducing the Ethenetetraolate Ligand

[K{Al(NON^Dipp )}]₂ (NON^Dipp =[O(SiMe₂ NDipp)₂ ]^2- , Dipp=2,6-iPr₂ C₆ H₃ ) reacts with CS₂ to afford the trithiocarbonate species [K(OEt₂ )][Al(NON^Dipp )(CS₃ )] 1 or the ethenetetrathiolate complex, [K{Al(NON^Dipp )(S₂ C)}]₂ [3]₂ . The dimeric alumoxane [K{Al(NON^Dipp )(O)}]₂ reacts with carbon monoxide to afford the oxygen analogue of 3, [K{Al(NON^Dipp )(O₂ C)}]₂ [4]₂ containing the hitherto unknown ethenetetraolate ligand, [C₂ O₄ ]^4- .

Chlorogermylenes and -stannylenes stabilized by diimidosulfinate ligands: synthesis, structures, and reactivity

The reaction of the lithium salt of N,N'-di-tert-butyldiimidosulfinate ([PhS(N^tBu)₂]Li) having a phenyl group on the sulphur atom with ECl₂·(dioxane) (E = Ge, Sn) afforded the corresponding chlorogermylene [PhS(N^tBu)₂]GeCl 1 and -stannylene [PhS(N^tBu)₂]SnCl 2, respectively. In contrast, treatment of the N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)diimidosulfinate ion ([PhS(NSiMe₃)₂]^-) with ECl₂·(dioxane) resulted in the unexpected formations of six-membered 1,3-bis(chlorogermylene) [PhS(NSiMe₃)₂(η¹-η¹-GeCl)₂[μ-NSPh(NHSiMe₃)] 7 and -stannylene [PhS(NSiMe₃)₂(η¹-η¹-SnCl)₂[μ-NSPh(NHSiMe₃)] 8. The structures of these chlorometallylene derivatives were fully characterized on the basis of their NMR spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction. In the crystalline states of 1 and 2, the diimidosulfinate ligands chelate to the metal centre to form slightly hinged four-membered EN₂S rings. On the other hand, X-ray analyses of 7 and 8 revealed that the central six-membered E₂N₃S rings adopt a distorted boat-conformation, and one diimidosulfinate ligand coordinates to the metal centre in a bridging monodentate μ-η¹-η¹-fashion. As the reactivity of 1 and 2, the oxidation of 1 with elemental chalcogen (S₈ or Se) afforded the corresponding tetra-coordinated germanium compounds [PhS(N^tBu)₂]Ge([double bond, length as m-dash]Ch)Cl 3 (Ch[double bond, length as m-dash]S) and 4 (Ch[double bond, length as m-dash]Se). In sharp contrast, the reactions of 2 with elemental chalcogen resulted in the formation of four-membered Sn₂Ch₂ ring compounds, 1,3,2,4-dichalcogenadistannetanes {(PhS(N^tBu)₂)SnCl(μ-Ch)}₂5 (Ch[double bond, length as m-dash]S) and 6 (Ch[double bond, length as m-dash]Se).

Tin guanidinato complexes: oxidative control of Sn, SnS, SnSe and SnTe thin film deposition

SnS, SnSe and SnTe are potentially important semiconductor materials. We report for the first time the oxidative controlled Aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AA-CVD) of phase pure Sn(ii) chalcogenide thin films, using chalcogenide Sn(iv) guanidinate precursors, containing SnCh bonds (Ch = S, Se and Te).

Metal-free access of bulky N,N′-diarylcarbodiimides and their reduction: bulky N,N′-diarylformamidines

A facile synthetic protocol for the preparation of N,N′-diarylcarbodiimides and their reduction with sodium borohydride in ethanol to obtain N,N′-diarylformamidines has been demonstrated.

Germylenes and stannylenes stabilized within N2PE rings (E = Ge or Sn): combined experimental and theoretical study

Bis(amino)phosphanes were shown to be excellent easily accessible precursors for the preparation of a variety of tetrylenes that significantly differ in their structures.