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Zulfajri M, Gedda G, Ulla H, Habibati, Gollavelli G, Huang GG. A review on the chemical and biological sensing applications of silver/carbon dots nanocomposites with their interaction mechanisms. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103115. [PMID: 38422725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of new nanocomposites has a significant impact on modern instrumentation and analytical methods for chemical analysis. Due to their unique properties, carbon dots (CDs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), distinguished by their unique physical, electrochemical, and optical properties, have captivated significant attention. Thus, combining AgNPs and CDs may produce Ag/CDs nanocomposites with improved performances than the individual material. This comprehensive review offers an in-depth exploration of the synthesis, formation mechanism, properties, and the recent surge in chemical and biological sensing applications of Ag/CDs with their sensing mechanisms. Detailed insights into synthesis methods to produce Ag/CDs are unveiled, followed by information on their physicochemical and optical properties. The crux of this review lies in its spotlight on the diverse landscape of chemical and biological sensing applications of Ag/CDs, with a particular focus on fluorescence, electrochemical, colorimetric, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and surface plasmon resonance sensing techniques. The elucidation of sensing mechanisms of the nanocomposites with various target analytes adds depth to the discussion. Finally, this review culminates with a concise summary and a glimpse into future perspectives of Ag/CDs aiming to achieve highly efficient and enduring Ag/CDs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zulfajri
- Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23245, Indonesia
| | - Gangaraju Gedda
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India.; Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hidayath Ulla
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, Presidency University, Bangalore 560064, India; Innovation and Translational Research Hub (iTRH), Presidency University, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Habibati
- Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ganesh Gollavelli
- Department of Humanities and Basic Science, Aditya Engineering College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Kakinada 533437, India
| | - Genin Gary Huang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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2
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Sharma A, Das J. Small molecules derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in sensing, catalysis, imaging, and biomedicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:92. [PMID: 31451110 PMCID: PMC6709552 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are the new fellow of carbon family having a size less than 10 nm and attracted much attention of researchers since the last decade because of their unique characteristics, such as inexpensive and facile synthesis methods, easy surface modification, excellent photoluminescence, outstanding water solubility, and low toxicity. Due to these unique characteristics, CDs have been extensively applied in different kind of scientific disciplines. For example in the photocatalytic reactions, drug-gene delivery system, in vitro and in vivo bioimaging, chemical and biological sensing as well as photodynamic and photothermal therapies. Mainly two types of methods are available in the literature to synthesize CDs: the top-down approach, which refers to breaking down a more massive carbon structure into nanoscale particles; the bottom-up approach, which refers to the synthesis of CDs from smaller carbon units (small organic molecules). Many review articles are available in the literature regarding the synthesis and applications of CDs. However, there is no such review article describing the synthesis and complete application of CDs derived from small organic molecules together. In this review, we have summarized the progress of research on CDs regarding its synthesis from small organic molecules (bottom-up approach) via hydrothermal/solvothermal treatment, microwave irradiation, ultrasonic treatment, and thermal decomposition techniques as well as applications in the field of bioimaging, drug/gene delivery system, fluorescence-based sensing, photocatalytic reactions, photo-dynamic therapy (PDT) and photo-thermal (PTT) therapy based on the available literature. Finally, the challenges and future direction of CDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Solan, HP, 173229, India
| | - Joydeep Das
- School of Chemistry, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Solan, HP, 173229, India.
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3
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Abstract
Carbon and graphene quantum dots (CQDs and GQDs), known as zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials, have been attracting increasing attention in sensing and bioimaging. Their unique electronic, fluorescent, photoluminescent, chemiluminescent, and electrochemiluminescent properties are what gives them potential in sensing. In this Review, we summarize the basic knowledge on CQDs and GQDs before focusing on their application to sensing thus far followed by a discussion of future directions for research into CQDs- and GQD-based nanomaterials in sensing. With regard to the latter, the authors suggest that with the potential of these nanomaterials in sensing more research is needed on understanding their optical properties and why the synthetic methods influence their properties so much, into methods of surface functionalization that provide greater selectivity in sensing and into new sensing concepts that utilize the virtues of these nanomaterials to give us new or better sensors that could not be achieved in other ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiu Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Luo J, Shen X, Li B, Li X, Zhou X. Signal amplification by strand displacement in a carbon dot based fluorometric assay for ATP. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:392. [PMID: 30056590 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A fluorometric ATP assay is described that makes use of carbon dots and graphene oxide along with toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction. In the absence of target, the fluorescence of carbon dots (with excitation/emission maxima at 360/447 nm) is strong and in the "on" state, because the signal probe hybridizes with the aptamer strand and cannot combine with graphene oxide. In the presence of ATP, it will bind to the aptamer and induce a strand displacement reaction. Consequently, the signal probe is released, the sensing strategy will change into the "off" state with the addition of graphene oxide. This aptasensor exhibits selective and sensitive response to ATP and has a 3.3 nM detection limit. Graphical abstract Schematic of signal amplification by strand displacement in a carbon dot based fluorometric assay for ATP. This strategy exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity with a detection limit as low as 3.3 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Jaleel JA, Pramod K. Artful and multifaceted applications of carbon dot in biomedicine. J Control Release 2017; 269:302-321. [PMID: 29170139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (C-dots) are luminescent carbon nanomaterial having good biocompatibility and low toxicity. The characteristic fluorescence emission property of C-dots establishes their role in optical imaging. C-dots which are superior to fluorescent dyes and semiconductor quantum dots act as a safer in vivo imaging probe. Apart from their bioimaging application, other applications in biomedicine such as drug delivery, cancer therapy, and gene delivery were studied. In this review, we present multifaceted applications of C-dots along with their synthesis, surface passivation, doping, and toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Abdul Jaleel
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - K Pramod
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India.
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Li B, Xu L, Chen Y, Zhu W, Shen X, Zhu C, Luo J, Li X, Hong J, Zhou X. Sensitive and Label-Free Fluorescent Detection of Transcription Factors Based on DNA-Ag Nanoclusters Molecular Beacons and Exonuclease III-Assisted Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7316-7323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Shen
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Zhu
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieping Luo
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junli Hong
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People’s Republic of China
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Shen X, Xu L, Zhu W, Li B, Hong J, Zhou X. A turn-on fluorescence aptasensor based on carbon dots for sensitive detection of adenosine. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02384g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel turn-on fluorescence aptasensor was designed for adenosine detection based on FRET from ssDNA-CDs to aptamer-AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Junli Hong
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
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8
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Song P, Zhang L, Long H, Meng M, Liu T, Yin Y, Xi R. A multianalyte fluorescent carbon dots sensing system constructed based on specific recognition of Fe(iii) ions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A multianalyte fluorescent CDs sensing system for sensing Fe(iii), H2O2, and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
| | - Lisha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
| | - Ting Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
| | - Rimo Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
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9
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Sensitive detection of copper ions via ion-responsive fluorescence quenching of engineered porous silicon nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35565. [PMID: 27752120 PMCID: PMC5067703 DOI: 10.1038/srep35565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has been a problem since the advent of modern transportation, which despite efforts to curb emissions, continues to play a critical role in environmental pollution. Copper ions (Cu2+), in particular, are one of the more prevalent metals that have widespread detrimental ramifications. From this perspective, a simple and inexpensive method of detecting Cu2+ at the micromolar level would be highly desirable. In this study, we use porous silicon nanoparticles (NPs), obtained via anodic etching of Si wafers, as a basis for undecylenic acid (UDA)- or acrylic acid (AA)-mediated hydrosilylation. The resulting alkyl-terminated porous silicon nanoparticles (APS NPs) have enhanced fluorescence stability and intensity, and importantly, exhibit [Cu2+]-dependent quenching of fluorescence. After determining various aqueous sensing conditions for Cu2+, we demonstrate the use of APS NPs in two separate applications – a standard well-based paper kit and a portable layer-by-layer stick kit. Collectively, we demonstrate the potential of APS NPs in sensors for the effective detection of Cu2+.
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Sun XY, Wu LL, Shen JS, Cao XG, Wen C, Liu B, Wang HQ. Highly selective and sensitive sensing for Al3+ and F− based on green photoluminescent carbon dots. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel sensor for metal ions by mean of CDs with a PL enhancement response, which shows high sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the CDs-Al3+ ions system could be employed to probe F− anions based on a PL “on–off” model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ying Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Lu-Lu Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Jiang-Shan Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Xue-Gong Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Cunjin Wen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
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11
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Fu Z, Cui F. Thiosemicarbazide chemical functionalized carbon dots as a fluorescent nanosensor for sensing Cu2+and intracellular imaging. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10168b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis procedures for the CDs-based nanosensor and schematic diagram of Cu2+detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
| | - Fengling Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
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12
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Kong D, Yan F, Han Z, Xu J, Guo X, Chen L. Cobalt(ii) ions detection using carbon dots as an sensitive and selective fluorescent probe. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12986b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots were explored for fluorescent detection of Co2+ through metal–ligand interaction. Moreover, the quenched fluorescence can be turned on with the addition of biothiols, which demonstrates the possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Fanyong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Ziyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Jinxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Xingfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
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