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Jin H, Ma Q, Dou T, Jin S, Jiang L. Raman Spectroscopy of Emulsions and Emulsion Chemistry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37393560 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2228411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Emulsions are dispersed systems widely used in various industries. In recent years, Raman spectroscopy (RS), as a spectroscopic technique, has gained much attention for measuring and monitoring emulsions. In this review, we explore the use of RS on emulsion structures and emulsification, important reactions that use emulsions such as emulsion polymerization, catalysis and cascading reactions, as well as various applications of emulsions. We explore how RS is used in emulsions, reactions and applications. RS is a powerful and versatile tool for studying emulsions, but there are also challenges in using RS to monitor emulsion processes, especially if they are rapid or volatile. We also explore these challenges and difficulties, as well as possible designs that can be used to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhou Jin
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qifei Ma
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou China
- Key Lab of Zhejiang Province on Modern Measurement Technology and Instruments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Dou
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou China
- Key Lab of Zhejiang Province on Modern Measurement Technology and Instruments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangzhong Jin
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou China
- Key Lab of Zhejiang Province on Modern Measurement Technology and Instruments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou China
- Key Lab of Zhejiang Province on Modern Measurement Technology and Instruments, Hangzhou, China
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Yang N, Zhang Y, Su C, Zhu C, Jia J, Nishinari K. The effect of sodium alginate on the nanomechanical properties and interaction between oil body droplets studied using atomic force microscopy. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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3
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Liu S, Hu Y, Xia J, Li N, Fan H, Duan M. The attraction between like-charged oil-in-water emulsion droplets induced by ionic micelles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Raudsepp A, Jameson GB, Williams MAK. Estimating orientation of optically trapped, near vertical, microsphere dimers using central moments and off-focus imaging. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:607-614. [PMID: 35200903 DOI: 10.1364/ao.446610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Near vertical optically trapped dimers, composed of pairs of microspheres, and constructed in situ, were imaged in bright-field in flow and at rest, and with displacement Δz from the transverse xy imaging plane of an inverted microscope. Image first central moments μ01 were measured, and their dependence on the imposed flow velocity of the surrounding fluid was calculated. This dependence was related to the at-rest restricted diffusion statistics. It was assumed that, for small perturbations, the torque T on the dimer was proportional to the velocity of flow v and resulting angular deflection Δθ so that T∝v∝Δθ. Displacements Δz at which v∝Δμ01∝Δθ, which are typically off focus, were examined in more detail; in this range, Δθ=hΔμ01. The hydrodynamics of the dimer were modeled as that of a prolate ellipsoid, and the constant of proportionality h was determined by comparing the short-time mean-squared variation measured during diffusion to that predicted by the model calculation: h2⟨Δμ012(t)⟩=⟨Δθ2(t)⟩. With h determined, the optical trap stiffness kθ was determined from the long-time restricted diffusion of the dimer. The measured kθ and Δθ can then be used compute torque: T=kθΔθ, potentially enabling the near vertical optically trapped dimer to be used as a torque probe.
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Ward R, Ravindran S, R Otazo M, Cradock B, Avci E, Gillies G, Coker C, Williams MAK. Inside the ensemble: unlocking the potential of one-at-a-time experiments with lab-on-a-chip automation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4401-4413. [PMID: 34633401 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00601k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advent of technologies that allow the interactions of individual microscopic particles to be probed "one-at-a-time" has paved the way for new experimental avenues of enquiry in colloidal systems. For example, investigating whether a particular pair of colloidal particles isolated from a macroscopic sample might adhere to each other when brought into close proximity is certainly possible. However, given the probabilistic nature of the process (different particles within the ensemble may have slightly different surface charge distributions and asperities, and interaction energies involved can be close to thermal values), it is important that many hundreds or thousands of pairs of particles are tested under each set of experimental conditions of interest. Currently it is still an arduous task to perform such an experiment a sufficient number of times in order to acquire a data-set that truly represents the ensemble. Herein an automated particle collider for measuring particle-particle interactions has been realized by combining elements of microfluidics, holographic optical tweezers and image processing. Each individual measurement consists of confining two particles within a predetermined chemical micro-environment, and observing whether their interactions lead to aggregation. To automate the measurements, computer software consisting of LabVIEW and Red Tweezers with a custom plugin was used. Preliminary experiments carried out using 1 μm diameter polystyrene particles demonstrated that many hundreds of pairwise-interaction measurements could be carried out autonomously within a matter of hours. Further exemplar real-world experiments, designed to examine the stickiness of emulsion drops as a function of bulk measurements of the ζ-potential (zeta potential) of the sample, were then performed. It is envisaged that such robust approaches to the automation of "one-at-a-time" experiments will find applications in a large number of areas, and enable previously unthinkable experiments to be carried out in a timely fashion, thus allowing the focus to shift away from tedious experimental frustrations to more profound scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Ward
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Sapna Ravindran
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Mariela R Otazo
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Braden Cradock
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ebubekir Avci
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Graeme Gillies
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Christina Coker
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Martin A K Williams
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Nakauchi H, Maeda M, Kanayama N. Terminal Sequence-Specific Interparticle Attraction between DNA Duplex-Carrying Polystyrene Microparticles in Aqueous Salt Solution Assessed by Optical Tweezers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5573-5581. [PMID: 33871256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion behavior of DNA duplex-carrying colloidal particles in aqueous high-salt solutions shows extraordinary selectivity against the duplex terminal sequence. We investigated the interparticle force between DNA duplex-carrying polystyrene (dsDNA-PS) microparticles in aqueous salt solutions and examined their behavior in relation to the duplex terminal sequences. Force-distance (F-D) curves for a pair of dsDNA-PS particles were recorded with a dual-beam optical tweezers system with the two optically trapped particles closely approaching each other. Interestingly, only 3-5% of the oligo-DNA strands on the dsDNA-PS particles formed a duplex with complementary DNAs, and the F-D curves showed a distinct specificity to the duplex terminal sequences in the interparticle force at a high-NaCl concentration; a clear attraction peak was observed in F-D curves only when the duplex terminal was a complementary base pair. The attractive strength reached 2.6 ± 0.5 pN at 500 mM NaCl and 4.3 ± 1.0 pN at 750 mM NaCl. By sharp contrast, no significant attraction occurred for the particles with mismatched duplex terminals even at 750 mM NaCl. Similar duplex terminal-specificity in the interparticle force was also confirmed for dsDNA-PS particles in divalent MgCl2 solutions. Considering that the duplex terminal sequences on the dsDNA-PS particles showed only a negligible difference in their surface charges under identical salt conditions, we concluded that the interparticle attraction observed only for the dsDNA-PS particles with complementary duplex terminals is attributable to the salt-facilitated stacking interaction between the paired terminal nucleobases (i.e., blunt-end stacking) on the dsDNA-PS surfaces. Our results thus demonstrate the occurrence of a duplex terminal-specific interparticle force between dsDNA-PS particles under high-salt conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Nakauchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Mizuo Maeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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Chen A, Wang F, Zhou Y, Xu JH. In Situ Measurements of Interactions between Switchable Surface-Active Colloid Particles Using Optical Tweezers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4664-4670. [PMID: 32279500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Switchable surface-active colloid particles are critical to the preparation of switchable Pickering emulsions, which are widely involved in multitudinous fundamental and practical fields, such as biomedical, food products, and spinning cosmetics. The stability of switchable surface-active particles relies on the full understanding of interaction forces between individual colloid particles quantitatively. In this work, a dual-laser optical tweezers instrument was applied to measure the interaction forces between silica particles coated with a common cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) in water, and all of the measured forces can be well fitted with the theoretical model derived from the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. It was revealed that the minimum surface distance to engender the interaction forces between silica particles was closer progressively with the increase of CTAB concentrations, suggesting that the introduction of CTAB molecules in the solution thinned the electric double layer. In addition, the minimum surface distance between surface-inactive silica particles further decreased compared to surface-active states, although the ζ-potential has returned to the initial value of bare silica in pure water when the molecular ratio of 1:1 anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) was added into the solution to switch the surface-active silica particles to surface-inactive states. Our results provide a considerate methodology for quantifying the interaction forces and investigating the switchable behaviors of CTAB molecules from the adsorption to desorption at the particle-water interfaces, which provide vital foresights into the stabilization mechanism of switchable surface-active colloid particles and the further development of switchable Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fajun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian-Hong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Andrew PK, Williams MAK, Avci E. Optical Micromachines for Biological Studies. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020192. [PMID: 32069922 PMCID: PMC7074663 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Optical tweezers have been used for biological studies since shortly after their inception. However, over the years research has suggested that the intense laser light used to create optical traps may damage the specimens being studied. This review aims to provide a brief overview of optical tweezers and the possible mechanisms for damage, and more importantly examines the role of optical micromachines as tools for biological studies. This review covers the achievements to date in the field of optical micromachines: improvements in the ability to produce micromachines, including multi-body microrobots; and design considerations for both optical microrobots and the optical trapping set-up used for controlling them are all discussed. The review focuses especially on the role of micromachines in biological research, and explores some of the potential that the technology has in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa-Kate Andrew
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Martin A. K. Williams
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Ebubekir Avci
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
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Liu S, Hu Y, Xia J, Fang S, Duan M. In Situ Measurement of Depletion Caused by SDBS Micelles on the Surface of Silica Particles Using Optical Tweezers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13536-13542. [PMID: 31574218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dual-trap optical tweezers have been used to directly measure the interaction forces between two silica particles upon controlling the concentration of the ionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). By capturing two silica particles in one spot optical trap and one linear optical trap and controlling the linear trap to bring one particle to approach another sufficiently closer, the interaction forces between these two particles can be measured as the separation distance changes. Results showed that with increasing concentrations of SDBS, the interaction force between the two silica particles emerges at closer surface distance between two silica particles. Only repulsive force exists between silica particles below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of SDBS and it could be well-fitted using the classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. However, the depletion attraction force appears above the cmc of SDBS which is induced by the generation of SDBS micelles. By in situ measurement of the interaction force between two silica particles in the presence of different concentrations of SDBS, the depletion force can be quantitatively calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610500 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610500 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Shenwen Fang
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610500 , P. R. China
| | - Ming Duan
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610500 , P. R. China
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Chen A, Jing Y, Sang FN, Li SW, Xu JH. Determination of the interaction mechanism of 10 µm oil-in-water emulsion droplets using optical tweezers. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Microrheology provides a technique to probe the local viscoelastic properties and dynamics of soft materials at the microscopic level by observing the motion of tracer particles embedded within them. It is divided into passive and active microrheology according to the force exerted on the embedded particles. Particles are driven by thermal fluctuations in passive microrheology, and the linear viscoelasticity of samples can be obtained on the basis of the generalized Stokes-Einstein equation. In active microrheology, tracer particles are controlled by external forces, and measurements can be extended to the nonlinear regime. Microrheology techniques have many advantages such as the need for only small sample amounts and a wider measurable frequency range. In particular, microrheology is able to examine the spatial heterogeneity of samples at the microlevel, which is not possible using traditional rheology. Therefore, microrheology has considerable potential for studying the local mechanical properties and dynamics of soft matter, particularly complex fluids, including solutions, dispersions, and other colloidal systems. Food products such as emulsions, foams, or gels are complex fluids with multiple ingredients and phases. Their macroscopic properties, such as stability and texture, are closely related to the structure and mechanical properties at the microlevel. In this article, the basic principles and methods of microrheology are reviewed, and the latest developments and achievements of microrheology in the field of food science are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
| | - Ruihe Lv
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
| | - Junji Jia
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
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Raudsepp A, A K Williams M, B Hall S. Effects of non-Gaussian Brownian motion on direct force optical tweezers measurements of the electrostatic forces between pairs of colloidal particles. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:70. [PMID: 27439853 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the electrostatic force with separation between a fixed and an optically trapped colloidal particle are examined with experiment, simulation and analytical calculation. Non-Gaussian Brownian motion is observed in the position of the optically trapped particle when particles are close and traps weak. As a consequence of this motion, a simple least squares parameterization of direct force measurements, in which force is inferred from the displacement of an optically trapped particle as separation is gradually decreased, contains forces generated by the rectification of thermal fluctuations in addition to those originating directly from the electrostatic interaction between the particles. Thus, when particles are close and traps weak, simply fitting the measured direct force measurement to DLVO theory extracts parameters with modified meanings when compared to the original formulation. In such cases, however, physically meaningful DLVO parameters can be recovered by comparing the measured non-Gaussian statistics to those predicted by solutions to Smoluchowski's equation for diffusion in a potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Raudsepp
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Martin A K Williams
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Material and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Simon B Hall
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Material and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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