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A Recent Overview of 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Hybrids as Novel Antifungal Agents: Focusing on Synthesis, Mechanism of Action, and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR). J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7884316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A pharmacophore system has been found as 1,2,3-triazole, a five-membered heterocycle ring with nitrogen heteroatoms. These heterocyclic compounds can be produced using azide-alkyne cycloaddition processes catalyzed by ruthenium or copper. The bioactive compounds demonstrated antitubercular, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. This heterocycle molecule, in particular, with one or more 1,2,3-triazole cores has been found to have the most powerful antifungal effects. The goal of this review is to highlight recent developments in the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation of this prospective fungicidal chemical. Also there have been explained drugs and mechanism of action of a triazole compound with antifungal activity. This review will be useful in a variety of fields, including medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, mycology, and pharmacology.
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Haroun M, Tratrat C, Kochkar H, Nair AB. CDATA[Recent Advances in the Development of 1,2,3-Triazole-containing Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents and Inhibitors of Lanoster ol 14α-Demethylase. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:462-506. [PMID: 33319673 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621999201214232018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole, a five-membered heterocyclic nucleus, is widely recognized as a key chromophore of great value in medicinal chemistry for delivering compounds possessing innumerable biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory activities. Mainly, in the past years, diverse conjugates carrying this biologically valuable core have been reported due to their attractive fungicidal potential and potent effects on various infective targets. Hence, hybridization of 1,2,3-triazole with other antimicrobial pharmacophores appears to be a judicious strategy to develop new effective anti-fungal candidates to combat the emergence of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant infectious diseases. Thus, the current review highlights the recent advances of this promising category of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids incorporating diverse varieties of bioactive heterocycles such as conozole, coumarin, imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, indole, oxindole, chromene, pyrane, quinazoline, chalcone, isoflavone, carbohydrates, and amides. It underlies their inhibition behavior against a wide array of infectious fungal species during 2015-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafedh Kochkar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Borowiecki P, Wińska P, Bretner M, Gizińska M, Koronkiewicz M, Staniszewska M. Synthesis of novel proxyphylline derivatives with dual Anti-Candida albicans and anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29533875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three out of 16 newly synthesized 1,3-dimethylxanthine derivatives (proxyphylline analogues) exhibited consistencies between antifungal and anticancer properties. Proxyphylline possessing 1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propan-2-yl (6) and polybrominated benzimidazole (41) or benzotriazole moiety (42) remained selectively cidal against Candida albicans (lg R ≥ 3 at conc. of 31, 36 and 20 μM, respectively) however not against normal mammalian Vero cell line in vitro (IC50 ≥ 280 μM) and Galleria mellonella in vivo. These compounds also displayed moderate antineoplastic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line (EC50 = 80 μM) and high against peripheral blood T lymphoblast (CCRF-CEM) (EC50 = 6.3-6.5 μM). In addition, 6 and 42 exerted: (1) dual activity against fungal adhesion and damage mature biofilm; (2) necrosis of planktonic cells due to loss of membrane function and of structural integrity; (3) biochemical (inhibition of sessile cell respiration) and morphological changes in cell wall polysaccharide contents. Therefore, leading proxyphylline derivatives can be employed to prevent cancer-associated biofilm Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bretner
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gizińska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Monika Staniszewska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
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Chen L, Guo XF, Fan ZJ, Zhang NL, Zhu YJ, Zhang ZM, Khazhieva I, Yurievich MY, Belskaya NP, Bakulev VA. Synthesis and fungicidal activity of 3,4-dichloroisothiazole based strobilurins as potent fungicide candidates. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25520e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 3,4-dichloroisothiazole based novel strobilurin analogs were synthesized, the compound8dwas discovered as a new fungicidal candidate with better efficacy than commercial standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jin Fan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Nai-Lou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Inna Khazhieva
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
- Ekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - Morzherin Y. Yurievich
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
- Ekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - Nataliya P. Belskaya
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
- Ekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - Vasiliy A. Bakulev
- The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
- Ekaterinburg
- Russia
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Divse JM, Mhaske SB, Charolkar CR, Sant DG, Tupe SG, Deshpande MV, Khedkar VM, Nawale LU, Sarkar D, Pore VS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new fluconazole β-lactam conjugates linked via 1,2,3-triazole. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel fluconazole conjugates with potent antifungal activity are reported here. They were also found to be non-hemolytic and non-cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisingh M. Divse
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Santosh B. Mhaske
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | | | - Duhita G. Sant
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Santosh G. Tupe
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Mukund V. Deshpande
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Vijay M. Khedkar
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Laxman U. Nawale
- Combichem-Bioresource Center
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combichem-Bioresource Center
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Vandana S. Pore
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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Sant DG, Tupe SG, Ramana CV, Deshpande MV. Fungal cell membrane-promising drug target for antifungal therapy. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1498-1510. [PMID: 27667746 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increase in invasive fungal infections over the past few years especially in immunocompromised patients prompted the search for new antifungal agents with improved efficacy. Current antifungal armoury includes very few effective drugs like Amphotericin B; new generation azoles, including voriconazole and posaconazole; echinocandins like caspofungin and micafungin to name a few. Azole class of antifungals which target the fungal cell membrane are the first choice of treatment for many years because of their effectiveness. As the fungal cell membrane is predominantly made up of sterols, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, the role of lipids in pathogenesis and target identification for improved therapeutics were largely pursued by researchers during the last few years. Present review focuses on cell membrane as an antifungal target with emphasis on membrane biogenesis, structure and function of cell membrane, cell membrane inhibitors, screening assays, recent advances and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Sant
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - S G Tupe
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - C V Ramana
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - M V Deshpande
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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Nimbalkar UD, Tupe SG, Seijas Vazquez JA, Khan FAK, Sangshetti JN, Nikalje APG. Ultrasound- and Molecular Sieves-Assisted Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Antifungal Evaluation of 5-(4-(Benzyloxy)-substituted phenyl)-3-((phenylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thiones. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050484. [PMID: 27171073 PMCID: PMC6273549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 5-(4-(benzyloxy)substituted phenyl)-3-((phenyl amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione Mannich bases 6a–o were synthesized in good yield from the key compound 5-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione by aminomethylation with paraformaldehyde and substituted amines using molecular sieves and sonication as green chemistry tools. The antifungal activity of the new products was evaluated against seven human pathogenic fungal strains, namely, Candida albicans ATCC 24433, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida glabrata NCYC 388, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 34664, Cryptococcus neoformans PRL 518, Aspergillus fumigatus NCIM 902 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 10578. The synthesized compounds 6d, 6f, 6g, 6h and 6j exhibited promising antifungal activity against the tested fungal pathogens. In molecular docking studies, derivatives 6c, 6f and 6i showed good binding at the active site of C. albicans cytochrome P450 enzyme lanosterol 14 α-demethylase. The in vitro antifungal activity results and docking studies indicated that the synthesized compounds have potential antifungal activity and can be further optimized as privileged scaffolds to design and develop potent antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urja D Nimbalkar
- Maulana Azad P. G. and Research Centre, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baug, Aurangabad 431001, India.
| | - Santosh G Tupe
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Julio A Seijas Vazquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad of Santiago De Compostela, Alfonso X el Sabio, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - Firoz A Kalam Khan
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baug, Aurangabad 431001, India.
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baug, Aurangabad 431001, India.
| | - Anna Pratima G Nikalje
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baug, Aurangabad 431001, India.
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