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Chen Z, Ma T, Wei W, Wong WY, Zhao C, Ni BJ. Work Function-Guided Electrocatalyst Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401568. [PMID: 38682861 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-performance electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions is crucial for advancing global energy sustainability. The design of catalysts based on their electronic properties (e.g., work function) has gained significant attention recently. Although numerous reviews on electrocatalysis have been provided, no such reports on work function-guided electrocatalyst design are available. Herein, a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in work function-guided electrocatalyst design for diverse electrochemical energy applications is provided. This includes the development of work function-based catalytic activity descriptors, and the design of both monolithic and heterostructural catalysts. The measurement of work function is first discussed and the applications of work function-based catalytic activity descriptors for various reactions are fully analyzed. Subsequently, the work function-regulated material-electrolyte interfacial electron transfer (IET) is employed for monolithic catalyst design, and methods for regulating the work function and optimizing the catalytic performance of catalysts are discussed. In addition, key strategies for tuning the work function-governed material-material IET in heterostructural catalyst design are examined. Finally, perspectives on work function determination, work function-based activity descriptors, and catalyst design are put forward to guide future research. This work paves the way to the work function-guided rational design of efficient electrocatalysts for sustainable energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Mondal S, Bagchi D, Riyaz M, Sarkar S, Singh AK, Vinod CP, Peter SC. In Situ Mechanistic Insights for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Chemically Modulated Ordered Intermetallic Catalyst Promoting Complete Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11859-11869. [PMID: 35749229 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The well-known limitation of alkaline fuel cells is the slack kinetics of the cathodic half-cell reaction, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Platinum, being the most active ORR catalyst, is still facing challenges due to its corrosive nature and sluggish kinetics. Many novel approaches for substituting Pt have been reported, which suffer from stability issues even after mighty modifications. Designing an extremely stable, but unexplored ordered intermetallic structure, Pd2Ge, and tuning the electronic environment of the active sites by site-selective Pt substitution to overcome the hurdle of alkaline ORR is the main motive of this paper. The substitution of platinum atoms at a specific Pd position leads to Pt0.2Pd1.8Ge demonstrating a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.95 V vs RHE, which outperforms the state-of-the-art catalyst 20% Pt/C. The mass activity (MA) of Pt0.2Pd1.8Ge is 320 mA/mgPt, which is almost 3.2 times better than that of Pt/C. E1/2 and MA remained unaltered even after 50,000 accelerated degradation test (ADT) cycles, which makes it a promising stable catalyst with its activity better than that of the state-of-the-art Pt/C. The undesired 2e- transfer ORR forming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is diminished in Pt0.2Pd1.8Ge as visible from the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) experiment, spectroscopically visualized by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and supported by computational studies. The effect of Pt substitution on Pd has been properly manifested by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The swinging of the oxidation state of atomic sites of Pt0.2Pd1.8Ge during the reaction is probed by in situ XAS, which efficiently enhances 4e- transfer, producing an extremely low percentage of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Mondal
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Debabrata Bagchi
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Mohd Riyaz
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shreya Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.,Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560064, India
| | - C P Vinod
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 410008, India
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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Kaiser SK, Chen Z, Faust Akl D, Mitchell S, Pérez-Ramírez J. Single-Atom Catalysts across the Periodic Table. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11703-11809. [PMID: 33085890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolated atoms featuring unique reactivity are at the heart of enzymatic and homogeneous catalysts. In contrast, although the concept has long existed, single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) have only recently gained prominence. Host materials have similar functions to ligands in homogeneous catalysts, determining the stability, local environment, and electronic properties of isolated atoms and thus providing a platform for tailoring heterogeneous catalysts for targeted applications. Within just a decade, we have witnessed many examples of SACs both disrupting diverse fields of heterogeneous catalysis with their distinctive reactivity and substantially enriching our understanding of molecular processes on surfaces. To date, the term SAC mostly refers to late transition metal-based systems, but numerous examples exist in which isolated atoms of other elements play key catalytic roles. This review provides a compositional encyclopedia of SACs, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the introduction of this term. By defining single-atom catalysis in the broadest sense, we explore the full elemental diversity, joining different areas across the whole periodic table, and discussing historical milestones and recent developments. In particular, we examine the coordination structures and associated properties accessed through distinct single-atom-host combinations and relate them to their main applications in thermo-, electro-, and photocatalysis, revealing trends in element-specific evolution, host design, and uses. Finally, we highlight frontiers in the field, including multimetallic SACs, atom proximity control, and possible applications for multistep and cascade reactions, identifying challenges, and propose directions for future development in this flourishing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina K Kaiser
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Faust Akl
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang T, Zhang K, Park M, Lau VWH, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhao R, Yamauchi Y, Kang YM. Highly Reversible and Rapid Sodium Storage in GeP 3 with Synergistic Effect from Outside-In Optimization. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4352-4365. [PMID: 32223272 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The composite GeP3/C@rGO as a sodium ion battery anode material was fabricated by introducing a carbon matrix into GeP3 through high-energy ball milling, followed by encapsulating the resultant composite with graphene via a solution-based ultrasonic method. To delineate the individual role of carbon matrix and graphene, material characterization and electrochemical analyses were performed for GeP3/C@rGO and three other samples: bare GeP3, GeP3 with graphene coating (GeP3@rGO), and GeP3 with carbon matrix (GeP3/C). GeP3/C@rGO exhibits the highest electric conductivity (5.89 × 10-1 S cm-1) and the largest surface area (167.85 m2 g-1) among the four samples. The as-prepared GeP3/C@rGO delivered a reversible high capacity of 1084 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1, excellent rate capacity (435.4 mA h g-1 at a high rate of 5 A g-1), and long-term cycling stability (400 cycles with a reversible capacity of 823.3 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1), all of which outperform the other three samples. The kinetics investigation reveals a "pseudocapacitive behavior" in GeP3/C and GeP3/C@rGO, where solely faradic reactions took place in bare GeP3 and GeP3@rGO with a typical "battery behavior". Based on ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ex-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the carbon matrix serves to activate and stabilize the interior of the composite, while the graphene protects and restrains the exterior surface. Benefiting from the synergistic combination of these two components, GeP3/C@rGO achieved extremely stable cycling stability as well as outstanding rate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Mihui Park
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Vincent Wing-Hei Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Haihua Wang
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangdong Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mook Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Gao W, Milad Abrishamifar S, Ebrahimzadeh Rajaei G, Razavi R, Najafi M. DFT study of cyanide oxidation on surface of Ge-embedded carbon nanotube. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Chang G, Ren J, She X, Wang K, Komarneni S, Yang D. How heteroatoms (Ge, N, P) improve the electrocatalytic performance of graphene: theory and experiment. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:155-158. [PMID: 36659000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Xilin She
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Sridhar Komarneni
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and 204 Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dongjiang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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Germanium-doped Metallic Ohmic Contacts in Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors with Ultra-low Contact Resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16857. [PMID: 29203831 PMCID: PMC5714961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate for the first time an ultra-low contact resistance few-layered black phosphorus (BP) transistor with metallic PGex contacts formed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The on-state current of the transistor can be significantly improved and the ION/IOFF ratio increases by almost 2 order. The hole mobility is enhanced by 25 times to 227 cm2V−1s−1. The contact resistance extracted by the transfer length method is 0.365 kΩ∙μm, which is the lowest value in black phosphorus transistors without degradation of ION/IOFF ratio. In addition, the I-V curve of the transistor with PGex contact is linear compared to that with Ti contact at 80 K, indicating that a metallic ohmic contact is successfully formed. Finally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to characterize the PGex compound. A signal of P-Ge bond is first observed, further verifying the doping of Ge into BP and the formation of the PGex alloy.
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8
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Zhao H, Yuan ZY. Transition metal–phosphorus-based materials for electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review illustrates the recent developments of transition metal–phosphorus-based materials for electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- National Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
| | - Zhong-Yong Yuan
- National Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
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Qiu Y, Yang C, Huo J, Liu Z. Synthesis of Co-N-C immobilized on carbon nanotubes for ethylbenzene oxidation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Wang F, Liu Z, Li M, Wang QD. Germanium-doped and germanium/nitrogen-codoped carbon nanotubes with highly enhanced activity for oxygen reduction in alkaline medium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09740e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel Ge-doped and Ge/N-codoped carbon nanotubes were prepared by chemical vapor deposition. Results indicate that the as-prepared Ge-containing carbon nanotubes exhibited superior activities and durability for O2 reduction in alkaline medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Low Carbon Energy Institute and School of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Mining & Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Ziwu Liu
- Low Carbon Energy Institute and School of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Mining & Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Meng Li
- Low Carbon Energy Institute and School of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Mining & Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Quan-De Wang
- Low Carbon Energy Institute and School of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Mining & Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
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