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Liu Z, Chen X, Jin Q, Li M, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Zhi D, Zhao Y, Li L, Zhang S. Dual functionalized hyaluronic acid micelles loading paclitaxel for the therapy of breast cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1230585. [PMID: 37600308 PMCID: PMC10436080 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1230585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs have been investigated, the disadvantages of passive targeting and uncontrolled drug release limit their utility. Herein, hyaluronic acid (HA) was hydrophobically modified to serve as a carrier for binding to cluster determinant 44 (CD44) overexpressed on tumor cell surfaces. Specifically, after deacetylation, HA was grafted to dodecylamine or tetradecylamine to afford amphiphilic zwitterionic polymer micelles, designated dHAD and dHAT, respectively, for the delivery of paclitaxel (PTX). The micelles were negatively charged at pH 7.4 and positively charged at pH 5.6, and this pH sensitivity facilitated PTX release under acidic conditions. The cell uptake efficiencies of the dHAD-PTX and dHAT-PTX micelles by MCF-7 cells after 4 h of incubation were 96.9% and 95.4%, respectively, and their affinities for CD44 were twice that of HA. Furthermore, the micelles markedly inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, with IC50 values of 1.943 μg/mL for dHAD-PTX and 1.874 μg/mL for dHAT-PTX for MCF-7 cells; the tumor inhibition rate of dHAD-PTX (92.96%) was higher than that of dHAT-PTX (78.65%). Importantly, dHAD and dHAT micelles showed negligible systemic toxicity. Our findings suggest that these micelles are promising delivery vehicles for antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Defu Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
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Flores-Sánchez R, Bigorra-Mir M, Gámez F, Lopes-Costa T, Argudo P, Martín-Romero M, Camacho L, Pedrosa J. Interaction between acetylsalicylic acid and a cationic amphiphile model: An experimental approach using surface techniques. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Kotha R, Kara DD, Roychowdhury R, Tanvi K, Rathnanand M. Polymersomes Based Versatile Nanoplatforms for Controlled Drug Delivery and Imaging. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:218-232. [PMID: 37342386 PMCID: PMC10278216 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems made based on nanotechnology represent a novel drug carrier system that can change the face of therapeutics and diagnosis. Among all the available nanoforms polymersomes have wider applications due to their unique characteristic features like drug loading carriers for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, longer shelf life in the bloodstream and ease of surface modification by ligands. Polymersomes are defined as the artificial vesicles which are enclosed in a central aqueous cavity which are composed of self-assembly with a block of amphiphilic copolymer. Various techniques like film rehydration, direct hydration, nanoprecipitation, double emulsion technique and microfluidic technique are mostly used in formulating polymersomes employing different polymers like PEO-b-PLA, poly (fumaric/sebacic acid), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), and poly(butadiene) (PBD), PTMC-b-PGA (poly (dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(l-glutamic acid)) etc. Polymersomes have been extensively considered for the conveyance of therapeutic agents for diagnosis, targeting, treatment of cancer, diabetes etc. This review focuses on a comprehensive description of polymersomes with suitable case studies under the following headings: chemical structure, polymers used in the formulation, formulation methods, characterization methods and their application in the therapeutic, and medicinal filed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Kotha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
| | - Divya Dhatri Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
| | - Rajeshwari Roychowdhury
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
| | - Katikala Tanvi
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Rathnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
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Yu B, Shen Y, Zhang X, Ding L, Meng Z, Wang X, Han M, Guo Y, Wang X. Poly(methacrylate citric acid) as a Dual Functional Carrier for Tumor Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091765. [PMID: 36145512 PMCID: PMC9506429 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its pH-sensitive property and chelating Cu2+ effect, poly(methacrylate citric acid) (PCA) can be utilized as a dual functional nanocarrier to construct a nanodelivery system. Negatively charged carboxyl groups can interact with positively charged antineoplastic drugs through electrostatic interaction to form stable drug nanoparticles (NPs). Through drug experimental screening, doxorubicin (DOX) was selected as the model drug, PCA/DOX NPs with a diameter of 84 nm were prepared, and the drug-loading content was 68.3%. PCA/DOX NPs maintained good stability and a sustained release profile. Cell experiments presented that PCA/DOX NPs could inhibit effectively the growth of 4T1 cells; the IC50 value was decreased by approximately 15-fold after incubation for 72 h. The cytotoxicity toward H9C2 was decreased significantly. Moreover, based on its ability to efficiently adsorb copper ions, PCA showed good vascular growth inhibition effect in vitro. Furthermore, animal experiments showed that PCA/DOX NPs presented stronger anticancer effects than DOX; the tumor inhibition rate was increased by 1.5-fold. Myocardial toxicity experiments also confirmed that PCA reduced the cardiotoxicity of DOX. In summary, PCA/DOX NPs show good antitumor efficacy and low toxicity, and have good potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100094, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.W.)
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Atanase LI. Micellar Drug Delivery Systems Based on Natural Biopolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:477. [PMID: 33540922 PMCID: PMC7867356 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad diversity of structures and the presence of numerous functional groups available for chemical modifications represent an enormous advantage for the development of safe, non-toxic, and cost-effective micellar drug delivery systems (DDS) based on natural biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and peptides. Different drug-loading methods are used for the preparation of these micellar systems, but it appeared that dialysis is generally recommended, as it avoids the formation of large micellar aggregates. Moreover, the preparation method has an important influence on micellar size, morphology, and drug loading efficiency. The small size allows the passive accumulation of these micellar systems via the permeability and retention effect. Natural biopolymer-based micellar DDS are high-value biomaterials characterized by good compatibility, biodegradability, long blood circulation time, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and high drug loading, and they are biodegraded to non-toxic products that are easily assimilated by the human body. Even if some recent studies reported better antitumoral effects for the micellar DDS based on polysaccharides than for commercial formulations, their clinical use is not yet generalized. This review is focused on the studies from the last decade concerning the preparation as well as the colloidal and biological characterization of micellar DDS based on natural biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Dentistry, "Apollonia" University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania
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Luo K, Yin S, Zhang R, Yu H, Wang G, Li J. Multifunctional composite nanoparticles based on hyaluronic acid-paclitaxel conjugates for enhanced cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yun TH, Ahn G, Choi I, Bae Y, Hwang K, Kang S, Choi S. Fabrication of nanodiamonds modified with hyaluronic acid and chlorin e6 for selective photothermal and photodynamic tumor therapy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Yun
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Guk‐Young Ahn
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Choi
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon‐Ju Bae
- Nano Oil‐chemical Division DAT Advanced Material Co. Ltd. Dangjin‐si Chungcheongnam‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Keum‐Cheol Hwang
- Nano Oil‐chemical Division DAT Advanced Material Co. Ltd. Dangjin‐si Chungcheongnam‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Suk‐Hoon Kang
- Nuclear Materials Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Wook Choi
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Liu H, Wang SL, Liu JW. Hyaluronic acid derivative-modified nano-structured lipid carrier for cancer targeting and therapy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:571-580. [PMID: 32633111 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the problems of poor solubility, high in vivo dosage requirement, and weak targeting ability of paclitaxel (PTX), a hyaluronic acid-octadecylamine (HA-ODA)-modified nano-structured lipid carrier (HA-NLC) was constructed. HA-ODA conjugates were synthesized by an amide reaction between HA and ODA. The hydrophobic chain of HA-ODA can be embedded in the lipid core of the NLC to obtain HA-NLC. The HA-NLC displayed strong internalization in cluster determinant 44 (CD44) highly expressed MCF-7 cells, and endocytosis mediated by the CD44 receptor was involved. The HA-NLC had an encapsulation efficiency of PTX of 72.0%. The cytotoxicity of the PTX-loaded nanoparticle HA-NLC/PTX in MCF-7 cells was much stronger than that of the commercial preparation Taxol®. In vivo, the HA-NLC exhibited strong tumor targeting ability. The distribution of the NLCs to the liver and spleen was reduced after HA modification, while more nanoparticles were aggregated to the tumor site. Our results suggest that HA-NLC has excellent properties as a nano drug carrier and potential for in vivo targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Su-Lan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston TX 77030, USA
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Walvekar P, Gannimani R, Salih M, Makhathini S, Mocktar C, Govender T. Self-assembled oleylamine grafted hyaluronic acid polymersomes for delivery of vancomycin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xia J, Du Y, Huang L, Chaurasiya B, Tu J, Webster TJ, Sun C. Redox-responsive micelles from disulfide bond-bridged hyaluronic acid-tocopherol succinate for the treatment of melanoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:713-723. [PMID: 29317344 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based chemotherapy is efficient in cancer treatment due to the targeted delivery of small molecules via nano-carriers, which are usually regarded as "inert". However, nano-materials are more preferred as carriers since many cause synergistic anti-tumor effects along with the drug cargo. In this study, a "bioactive" tocopherol succinate (TOS) was grafted to hyaluronic acid (HA) via of disulfide bonds to obtain HA-ss-TOS conjugates which can assemble into nano-micelles but dissociate when exposed to reducing environments in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, paclitaxel-loaded HA-ss-TOS micelles (HA-ss-TOS-PTX) can be efficiently taken up by B16F10 cells overexpressing CD 44, thereafter exhibiting enhanced cytotoxicity. The in vivo imaging study here revealed much greater tumor accumulation of Dir-labeled HA-ss-TOS compared to the free Dir group. In vivo antitumor activities further ensured that the PTX-loaded HA-ss-TOS micelles provided superior antineoplastic responses versus PTX-loaded HA-TOS micelles and Taxol. Moreover, the subcellular dissociated TOS from HA-ss-TOS showed synergistic effects with PTX. These experimental results revealed that reduction-responsive PTX-loaded polymeric nano-micelles with multi-functional properties hold great potential for anti-tumor treatment and, thus, should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Xia
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yunai Du
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Birendra Chaurasiya
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunmeng Sun
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Xiao J, Cao Y, Huang Q. Edible Nanoencapsulation Vehicles for Oral Delivery of Phytochemicals: A Perspective Paper. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6727-6735. [PMID: 28737908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Edible nanoencapsulation vehicles (ENVs) designed for the delivery of phytochemicals have gained increasing research interest. The major driving force for this trend is the potential bioavailability enhancement effect for phytochemicals when delivered via ENVs. ENVs affect the bioefficacy of phytochemicals by influencing their dispersion and gastrointestinal stability, rate and site of release, transportation efficiency across the endothelial layer, systemic circulation and biodistribution, and regulation of gut microflora. Enhanced bioefficacy can be achieved by rational design of the size, surface property, matrix materials, and compartment structure of ENVs according to properties of phytochemicals. Future investigations may lay particular emphasis on examining the relevance between results gained by in vitro digestion simulations and those obtained via in vivo digestion simulations, structural evolutions of ENVs during digestion and absorption, impacts of ENVs on the metabolism of phytochemicals, and using ENVs for deciphering the reciprocal interactions between phytochemicals and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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pH-triggered degradable polymeric micelles for targeted anti-tumor drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:912-922. [PMID: 28576067 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
2-(Octadecyloxy)-1,3-dioxan-5-amine (OD) with an acid degradable ortho ester group was synthesized, and conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA) backbone to prepare pH-responsive and tumor-targeted hyaluronic acid-2-(octadecyloxy)-1,3-dioxan-5-amine (HOD) conjugates. 1H NMR was used to confirm the structures of the OD and HOD. The studies of pH-responsive behavior showed that HOD micelles were stable under physiological conditions while they were degraded in the tumor acidic microenvironment. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded HOD micelles (DOX/HOD) with a narrow size distribution were prepared and characterized. The increased release of DOX from DOX/HOD micelles was presented at low pH condition. From in vitro cytotoxicity assays against MCF-7 cells, the blank micelles exhibited low cytotoxicity, but DOX/HOD micelles had the higher cytotoxicity than pH insensitive control and free DOX. Cellular uptake experiments and confocal images demonstrated that pH-sensitive DOX/HOD micelles could be internalized efficiently by CD44 receptor mediated endocytosis, and then DOX was rapidly released due to pH-induced degradable of OD to cell nucleus compared to the non-sensitive micelles. Furthermore, endocytosis inhibition studies presented that DOX/HOD micelles were internalized into cells mainly via caveolae-mediated routes. In vivo study of micelles in tumor-bearing mice indicates that HOD micelles were more effectively accumulated into the tumor tissue than HOA micelles. These results verify that the pH-sensitive HOD micellar system is a promising nanocarrier for enhanced internalization of antitumor drugs to cancer cells.
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