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Indole-Based Tubulin Inhibitors: Binding Modes and SARs Investigations. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051587. [PMID: 35268688 PMCID: PMC8911766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin inhibitors can interfere with normal cell mitosis and inhibit cell proliferation through interfering with the normal structure and function of microtubules, forming spindle filaments. Indole, as a privileged pharmacological skeleton, has been widely used in anti-cancer inhibitors. A variety of alkaloids containing an indole core obtained from natural sources have been proven to inhibit tubulin polymerization, and an ever-increasing number of synthetic indole-based tubulin inhibitors have been reported. Among these, several kinds of indole-based derivatives, such as TMP analogues, aroylindoles, arylthioindoles, fused indole, carbazoles, azacarbolines, alkaloid nortopsentin analogues and bis-indole derivatives, have shown good inhibition activities towards tubulin polymerization. The binding modes and SARs investigations of synthetic indole derivatives, along with a brief mechanism on their anti-tubulin activity, are presented in this review.
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Mandrekar KS, Tilve SG. Molecular iodine mediated oxidative cleavage of the C–N bond of aryl and heteroaryl (dimethylamino)methyl groups into aldehydes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05832g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient iodine mediated conversion of aryl or heteroaryl (dimethylamino)methyl compunds to aryl or heteroaryl aldehydes is achieved via cleavage of C-N bond.
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Bakherad Z, Safavi M, Fassihi A, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Bakherad M, Rastegar H, Saeedi M, Ghasemi JB, Saghaie L, Mahdavi M. Design and Synthesis of Novel Cytotoxic Indole-Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives: Biological Evaluation and Docking Study. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800470. [PMID: 30845369 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two novel series of indole-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, A-549, and Hep-G2 cell lines in comparison to etoposide and colchicine as the reference drugs. Generally, the synthesized compounds showed better cytotoxicity towards A-549 and Hep-G2 than MCF-7. Among them, (2E)-2-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methylidene}-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide (8l) was found to be the most potent compound against A-549 and Hep-G2, at least three times more potent than etoposide. The morphological analysis by the acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining test and flow cytometry analysis indicated that compound 8l induced apoptosis in A-549 cells. Moreover, molecular docking methodology was exploited to elucidate the details of molecular interactions of the studied compounds with putative targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Bakherad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, 33535-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bakherad
- School of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, 3619995161, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Food and Drug Control Laboratories, Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, MOE and ME, 1113615911, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176, Tehran, Iran.,Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- Drug Design in Silico Lab, Chemistry Faculty, School of Sciences, University of Tehran, 1417614418, Teheran, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417653761, Tehran, Iran
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Shinde VN, Dhiman S, Krishnan R, Kumar D, Kumar A. Synthesis of imidazopyridine-fused indoles via one-pot sequential Knoevenagel condensation and cross dehydrogenative coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6123-6132. [PMID: 30094426 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01449c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of imidazopyridine-fused indoles has been developed that involves one-pot sequential Knoevenagel condensation of readily available active methylene azoles with N-substituted-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehydes or N-substituted-1H-indole-2-carboxaldehydes followed by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction. A series of 36 derivatives was prepared by using this strategy. The products were obtained in moderate to excellent (32-94%) yields and showed broad substrate scope with tolerance of various functional groups and was amiable for gram scale preparation without problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki N Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India.
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A class of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors exert effective anti-tumor activity via mitotic catastrophe. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:896-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zhu L, Luo K, Li K, Jin Y, Lin J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide derivatives as a new class of tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5939-5951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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