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Lexa KW, Belyk KM, Henle J, Xiang B, Sheridan RP, Denmark SE, Ruck RT, Sherer EC. Application of Machine Learning and Reaction Optimization for the Iterative Improvement of Enantioselectivity of Cinchona-Derived Phase Transfer Catalysts. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina W. Lexa
- Department of Computational and Structural Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Belyk
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jeremy Henle
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bangping Xiang
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert P. Sheridan
- Department of Computational and Structural Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Scott E. Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rebecca T. Ruck
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward C. Sherer
- Department of Computational and Structural Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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2
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Abstract
After short historical introduction, interfacial mechanism of phase transfer catalyzed (PTC) reactions of organic anions, induced by aqueous NaOH or KOH in two-phase systems is formulated. Subsequently experimental evidence that supports the interfacial deprotonation as the key initial step of these reactions is presented.
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3
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O'Donnell MJ. Benzophenone Schiff bases of glycine derivatives: Versatile starting materials for the synthesis of amino acids and their derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Ahn S, Hong M, Sundararajan M, Ess DH, Baik MH. Design and Optimization of Catalysts Based on Mechanistic Insights Derived from Quantum Chemical Reaction Modeling. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6509-6560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seihwan Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Sundararajan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Hamkalo M, Fita P, Fedorynski M, Makosza M. Interfacial Generation of a Carbanion: The Key Step of PTC Reaction Directly Observed by Second Harmonic Generation. Chemistry 2018; 24:3975-3979. [PMID: 29383849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the first unambiguous evidence of the interfacial mechanism of phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) by direct observation of the formation of carbanions in the interfacial region between the aqueous and the organic phase by using a surface-sensitive spectroscopic method known as second harmonic generation (SHG). Ion exchange of carbanions adsorbed at the surface after addition of lipophilic tetraalkylammonium salts (TAA) to organic phase and transport of the lipophilic ion-pairs to the organic phase is observed. Results allow for the formulation of a more detailed mechanism of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hamkalo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Fita
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Fedorynski
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Makosza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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He CQ, Simon A, Lam YH, Brunskill APJ, Yasuda N, Tan J, Hyde AM, Sherer EC, Houk KN. Model for the Enantioselectivity of Asymmetric Intramolecular Alkylations by Bis-Quaternized Cinchona Alkaloid-Derived Catalysts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8645-8650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyndi Qixin He
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Adam Simon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu-hong Lam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Andrew P. J. Brunskill
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nobuyoshi Yasuda
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Alan M. Hyde
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward C. Sherer
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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7
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Shrinidhi A. ‘Reverse Micellar Aggregates’ in Phase Transfer Catalyzed Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annadka Shrinidhi
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC); Institute for Basic Science (IBS).; Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
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Sharma K, Wolstenhulme JR, Painter PP, Yeo D, Grande-Carmona F, Johnston CP, Tantillo DJ, Smith MD. Cation-Controlled Enantioselective and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Indolines: An Autoinductive Phase-Transfer Initiated 5-endo-trig Process. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13414-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sharma
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R. Wolstenhulme
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip P. Painter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - David Yeo
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Francisca Grande-Carmona
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Craig P. Johnston
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Martin D. Smith
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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