1
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Zhao S, Zhang T, Kan Y, Li H, Li JP. Overview of the current procedures in synthesis of heparin saccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122220. [PMID: 38823902 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural heparin, a glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating hexuronic acid and glucosamine linked by 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds, is the most widely used anticoagulant. To subvert the dependence on animal sourced heparin, alternative methods to produce heparin saccharides, i.e., either heterogenous sugar chains similar to natural heparin, or structurally defined oligosaccharides, are becoming hot subjects. Although the success by chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, encourages to proceed through a chemical approach generating homogenous product, synthesizing larger oligos is still cumbersome and beyond reach so far. Alternatively, the chemoenzymatic pathway exhibited exquisite stereoselectivity of glycosylation and regioselectivity of modification, with the advantage to skip the tedious protection steps unavoidable in chemical synthesis. However, to a scale of drug production needed today is still not in sight. In comparison, a procedure of de novo biosynthesis in an organism could be an ultimate goal. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current available/developing strategies and techniques, which is expected to provide a comprehensive picture for production of heparin saccharides to replenish or eventually to replace the animal derived products. In chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches, the methodologies are discussed according to the synthesis procedures: building block preparation, chain elongation, and backbone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianji Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Mao M, Ahrens L, Luka J, Contreras F, Kurkina T, Bienstein M, Sárria Pereira de Passos M, Schirinzi G, Mehn D, Valsesia A, Desmet C, Serra MÁ, Gilliland D, Schwaneberg U. Material-specific binding peptides empower sustainable innovations in plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and microplastic quantification. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6445-6510. [PMID: 38747901 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Material-binding peptides (MBPs) have emerged as a diverse and innovation-enabling class of peptides in applications such as plant-/human health, immobilization of catalysts, bioactive coatings, accelerated polymer degradation and analytics for micro-/nanoplastics quantification. Progress has been fuelled by recent advancements in protein engineering methodologies and advances in computational and analytical methodologies, which allow the design of, for instance, material-specific MBPs with fine-tuned binding strength for numerous demands in material science applications. A genetic or chemical conjugation of second (biological, chemical or physical property-changing) functionality to MBPs empowers the design of advanced (hybrid) materials, bioactive coatings and analytical tools. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview comprising naturally occurring MBPs and their function in nature, binding properties of short man-made MBPs (<20 amino acids) mainly obtained from phage-display libraries, and medium-sized binding peptides (20-100 amino acids) that have been reported to bind to metals, polymers or other industrially produced materials. The goal of this review is to provide an in-depth understanding of molecular interactions between materials and material-specific binding peptides, and thereby empower the use of MBPs in material science applications. Protein engineering methodologies and selected examples to tailor MBPs toward applications in agriculture with a focus on plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and environmental monitoring serve as examples of the transformative power of MBPs for various industrial applications. An emphasis will be given to MBPs' role in detecting and quantifying microplastics in high throughput, distinguishing microplastics from other environmental particles, and thereby assisting to close an analytical gap in food safety and monitoring of environmental plastic pollution. In essence, this review aims to provide an overview among researchers from diverse disciplines in respect to material-(specific) binding of MBPs, protein engineering methodologies to tailor their properties to application demands, re-engineering for material science applications using MBPs, and thereby inspire researchers to employ MBPs in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Mao
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leon Ahrens
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Julian Luka
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Francisca Contreras
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Kurkina
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Marian Bienstein
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Cloé Desmet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Exploring the In situ pairing of human galectins toward synthetic O-mannosylated core M1 glycopeptides of α-dystroglycan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17800. [PMID: 36274065 PMCID: PMC9588787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG), which constitutes a part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, connects the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. The matriglycans presented by the extracellular α-DG serve as a contact point with extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) containing laminin G-like domains, providing cellular stability. However, it remains unknown whether core M1 (GlcNAcβ1-2Man) structures can serve as ligands among the various O-Mannosylated glycans. Therefore, based on the presence of N-acetylLactosamine (LacNAc) in this glycan following the core extension, the binding interactions with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins were explored. To elucidate this process, the interaction between galectin (Gal)-1, -3, -4 and -9 with α-DG fragment 372TRGAIIQTPTLGPIQPTRV390 core M1-based glycopeptide library were profiled, using glycan microarray and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. The binding of galectins was revealed irrespective of its modular architecture, adding galectins to the list of possible binding partners of α-DG core M1 glycoconjugates by cis-binding (via peptide- and carbohydrate-protein interactions), which can be abrogated by α2,3-sialylation of the LacNAc units. The LacNAc-terminated α-DG glycopeptide interact simultaneously with both the S- and F-faces of Gal-1, thereby inducing oligomerization. Furthermore, Gal-1 can trans-bridge α-DG core M1 structures and laminins, which proposed a possible mechanism by which Gal-1 ameliorates muscular dystrophies; however, this proposal warrants further investigation.
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4
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Abstract
Through their specific interactions with proteins, cellular glycans play key roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. One of the main goals of research in the areas of glycobiology and glycomedicine is to understand glycan-protein interactions at the molecular level. Over the past two decades, glycan microarrays have become powerful tools for the rapid evaluation of interactions between glycans and proteins. In this review, we briefly describe methods used for the preparation of glycan probes and the construction of glycan microarrays. Next, we highlight applications of glycan microarrays to rapid profiling of glycan-binding patterns of plant, animal and pathogenic lectins, as well as other proteins. Finally, we discuss other important uses of glycan microarrays, including the rapid analysis of substrate specificities of carbohydrate-active enzymes, the quantitative determination of glycan-protein interactions, discovering high-affinity or selective ligands for lectins, and identifying functional glycans within cells. We anticipate that this review will encourage researchers to employ glycan microarrays in diverse glycan-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Gao Z, He Y, He Q, Wei W, Luo Y, Ma Z, Chen W, Chu F, Zhang S, Liu Y, Pan Y. Multidimensional identification of disaccharide isomers based on non-covalent complexes and tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 249:123674. [PMID: 35717753 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are the most abundant organic polymers in nature. They are essential to living organisms and regulate a wide range of biological functions. However, mass spectrometry-based identification of glycan isomers remains challenging due to the complexity of their structures including their complex compositions, linkages, and anomeric configurations. In this study, two novel complex ions, the mononuclear copper-bound dimeric ions [(Cu2+)(A)(L-His)-H]+ and the mononuclear copper-bound quaternary ions [(Cu2+)(A)(L-Ser)3-H]+ (where A denotes a disaccharide, and L-Ser/His denotes l-serine/histidine), were designed for the collision-induced dissociation-based identification and relative quantification of 14 disaccharide isomers. When the unique fragmentation patterns of the above two types of complex ions were mapped into a three-dimensional vector, all the isomers were completely distinguished. Of note, the established method is able to identify mixtures of linkage isomers only using tandem mass spectrometry based on linkage-specific fragment ions of histidine-based complex ions. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the identification and relative quantification of two disaccharide isomers (lactose and sucrose) in dairy beverages. In conclusion, the established method is sensitive to subtle structural differences in disaccharide isomers and has the potential to be used for the differentiation of various glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuwen He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zihan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Fengjian Chu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Shuheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China.
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6
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Park SH, Hwang I, McNaughton DA, Kinross AJ, Howe EN, He Q, Xiong S, Kilde MD, Lynch VM, Gale PA, Sessler JL, Shin I. Synthetic Na +/K + exchangers promote apoptosis by disturbing cellular cation homeostasis. Chem 2021; 7:3325-3339. [PMID: 38239771 PMCID: PMC10795848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of artificial cation ionophores (or transporters) have been developed for basic research and biomedical applications. However, their mechanisms of action and the putative correlations between changes in intracellular cation concentrations and induced cell death remain poorly understood. Here, we show that three hemispherand-strapped calix[4]pyrrole-based ion-pair receptors act as efficient Na+/K+ exchangers in the presence of Cl- in liposomal models and promote Na+ influx and K+ efflux (Na+/K+ exchange) in cancer cells to induce apoptosis. Mechanistic studies reveal that these cation exchangers induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer cells by perturbing intracellular cation homeostasis, promote generation of reactive oxygen species, and eventually enhance mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. However, they neither induce osmotic stress nor affect autophagy. This study provides support for the notion that synthetic receptors, which perturb cellular cation homeostasis, may provide new small molecules with potentially useful apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Inhong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Daniel A. McNaughton
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Airlie J. Kinross
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ethan N.W. Howe
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Present address: GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Jurong, 1 Pioneer Sector 1, Singapore 628413
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shenglun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Martin Drøhse Kilde
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Philip A. Gale
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (SydneyNano), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Lead contact
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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7
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Hyun JY, Kim S, Lee CH, Lee HS, Shin I. Efficient Preparation and Bioactivity Evaluation of Glycan-Defined Glycoproteins. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1930-1940. [PMID: 33232137 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the generation of heterogeneous glycoproteins in cells, it is highly difficult to study glycoprotein-mediated biological events and to develop biomedical agents. Thus, general and efficient methods to prepare homogeneous glycoproteins are in high demand. Herein, we report a general method for the efficient preparation of homogeneous glycoproteins that utilizes a combination of genetic code expansion and chemoselective ligation techniques. In the protocol to produce glycan-defined glycoproteins, an alkyne tag-containing protein, generated by genetic encoding of an alkynylated unnatural amino acid, was quantitatively coupled via click chemistry to versatile azide-appended glycans. The glycoproteins produced by the present strategy were found to recognize mammalian cell-surface lectins and enter the cells through lectin-mediated internalization. Also, cell studies exhibited that the glycoprotein containing multiple mannose-6-phosphate residues enters diseased cells lacking specific lysosomal glycosidases by binding to the cell-surface M6P receptor, and subsequently migrates to lysosomes for efficient degradation of stored glycosphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kim Y, Hyun JY, Shin I. Multivalent glycans for biological and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10567-10593. [PMID: 34346405 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01606c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of glycans by proteins plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological processes in cells and living organisms. In addition, interactions of glycans with proteins are involved in the development of diverse diseases, such as pathogen infection, inflammation and tumor metastasis. It is well-known that multivalent glycans bind to proteins much more strongly than do their monomeric counterparts. Owing to this property, numerous multivalent glycans have been utilized to elucidate glycan-mediated biological processes and to discover glycan-based biomedical agents. In this review, we discuss recent advances (2014-2020) made in the development and biological and biomedical applications of synthetic multivalent glycans, including neoglycopeptides, neoglycoproteins, glycodendrimers, glycopolymers, glyconanoparticles and glycoliposomes. We hope this review assists researchers in the design and development of novel multivalent glycans with predictable activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Heo HR, Joo KI, Seo JH, Kim CS, Cha HJ. Glycan chip based on structure-switchable DNA linker for on-chip biosynthesis of cancer-associated complex glycans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1395. [PMID: 33654088 PMCID: PMC7925590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
On-chip glycan biosynthesis is an effective strategy for preparing useful complex glycan sources and for preparing glycan-involved applications simultaneously. However, current methods have some limitations when analyzing biosynthesized glycans and optimizing enzymatic reactions, which could result in undefined glycan structures on a surface, leading to unequal and unreliable results. In this work, a glycan chip is developed by introducing a pH-responsive i-motif DNA linker to control the immobilization and isolation of glycans on chip surfaces in a pH-dependent manner. On-chip enzymatic glycosylations are optimized for uniform biosynthesis of cancer-associated Globo H hexasaccharide and its related complex glycans through stepwise quantitative analyses of isolated products from the surface. Successful interaction analyses of the anti-Globo H antibody and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with on-chip biosynthesized Globo H-related glycans demonstrate the feasibility of the structure-switchable DNA linker-based glycan chip platform for on-chip complex glycan biosynthesis and glycan-involved applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryoung Heo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Il Joo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sup Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Li H, Lee CH, Shin I. Preparation of a Multiple-Targeting NIR-Based Fluorogenic Probe and Its Application for Selective Cancer Cell Imaging. Org Lett 2019; 21:4628-4631. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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11
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Direct immobilization of sugar probes on bovine serum albumin-coated gold substrate for the development of glycan biosensors. Biointerphases 2019; 14:011003. [PMID: 30727738 DOI: 10.1116/1.5082005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy have attracted a great deal of interest due to their potential applications in numerous biological and biomedical fields. Controlled immobilization of sugar probes on a gold substrate is believed to be critical for the performance of these SPR biosensors. In this regard, herein the authors report a direct coupling of mannose probes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) layer on the gold substrate via a squaric acid-mediated reaction under mild conditions, in which the BSA layer provides not only reactive amine groups but also a nonfouling surface property. SPR measurements show that the resultant biosensor with an appropriate amount of mannose probes exhibits high affinity to its corresponding lectin (i.e., concanavalin A) and at the same time could resist nonspecific adsorption of other lectins. The limit of detection of the current SPR biosensor is 1.9 nM. Thus, the squaric acid-mediated immobilization strategy appears to be effective and useful for the fabrication of bioanalytical devices.
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12
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Biophysical Analyses for Probing Glycan-Protein Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1104:119-147. [PMID: 30484247 PMCID: PMC7153041 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2158-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycan-protein interactions occur at many physiological events, and the analyses are of considerable importance for understanding glycan-dependent mechanisms. Biophysical approaches including 3D structural analysis are essential for revealing glycan-protein interactions at the atomic level. The inherent diversity of glycans suits them to function as identification tags, e.g., distinguish self from the nonself components of pathogens. However, the complexity of glycans and poor affinities for interaction partners limit the usefulness of conventional analyses. To cope with such troublesome glycans, a logical sequence of biophysical analyses need to be developed. In this chapter, we introduce a workflow of glycan-protein interaction analysis consisting of six steps: preparation of lectin and glycan, screening of glycan ligand, determination of binding epitope, quantitative interaction analysis, 3D structural analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation. Our increasing knowledge and understanding of lectin-glycan interactions will hopefully lead to the design of glyco-based medicines and vaccines.
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13
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Hyun JY, Kim S, Lee HS, Shin I. A Glycoengineered Enzyme with Multiple Mannose-6-Phosphates Is Internalized into Diseased Cells to Restore Its Activity in Lysosomes. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1255-1267.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Yang J, Hsieh PH, Liu X, Zhou W, Zhang X, Zhao J, Xu Y, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Liu J. Construction and characterisation of a heparan sulphate heptasaccharide microarray. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:1743-1746. [PMID: 28106177 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A targeted heptasaccharide library was synthesised to prepare a heparan sulphate (HS) microarray. The array was probed with two glycan-binding proteins, HS 3-O-sulphotransferase 1 and antithrombin, demonstrating the binding selectivity between HS and proteins. The HS microarray technique will accelerate the understanding of the structure and function relationships of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Yang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. and College of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Po-Hung Hsieh
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Wen Zhou
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. and School of Chinese Medical Material, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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15
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Hyun JY, Kang NR, Shin I. Carbohydrate Microarrays Containing Glycosylated Fluorescent Probes for Assessment of Glycosidase Activities. Org Lett 2018; 20:1240-1243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hyun
- Center for Biofunctional
Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Rae Kang
- Center for Biofunctional
Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Center for Biofunctional
Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim HS, Hyun JY, Park SH, Shin I. Analysis of binding properties of pathogens and toxins using multivalent glycan microarrays. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14898-14905. [PMID: 35541319 PMCID: PMC9080041 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens infect hosts often through initial binding of their cell surface lectins to glycans expressed on the exterior of host cells. Thus, methods to evaluate the glycan-binding properties of pathogens are of great importance. Because of the multivalent nature of interactions of pathogens with glycans, the ability to assess the glycan density-dependent binding of pathogens is particularly important. In this study, we developed a facile technique to construct multivalent carbohydrate microarrays through immobilization of unmodified glycans on multivalent hydrazide-derivatized glass surfaces. This immobilization strategy does not require the use of multivalent glycoconjugates, which are typically prepared by using multistep sequences. The results of analysis of microarray images, obtained after incubation of multivalent glycan microarrays with cholera toxin B and pathogens such as uropathogenic E. coli and H. pylori, show that the binding affinities of toxins and pathogens for glycans are highly glycan density-dependent. Specifically, toxins and pathogens bind to glycans more strongly as the valency of the glycans on the microarrays is increased from 1 to 4. It is anticipated that the newly developed immobilization method will be applicable to the preparation of multivalent carbohydrate microarrays that are employed to evaluate multivalent glycan binding properties of a variety of pathogens and toxins. Microarrays constructed by immobilizing free glycans on multivalent hydrazide-coated surfaces were applied to evaluate multivalent glycan binding properties of pathogens.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Sub Kim
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Park
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
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17
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Zhang X, Pagadala V, Jester HM, Lim AM, Pham TQ, Goulas AMP, Liu J, Linhardt RJ. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin oligosaccharides and NMR analysis: paving the way to a diverse library for glycobiologists. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7932-7940. [PMID: 29568440 PMCID: PMC5849142 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of diverse heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharides was chemoenzymatically synthesized and systematically studied using NMR.
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a member of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) family that plays essential roles in biological processes from animal sources. Heparin, a highly sulfated form of HS, is widely used as anticoagulant drug worldwide. The high diversity and complexity of HS and heparin represent a roadblock for structural characterization and biological activity studies. Access to structurally defined oligosaccharides is critical for the successful development of HS and heparin structure–activity relationships. In this study, a library of 66 HS and heparin oligosaccharides covering different sulfation patterns and sizes was prepared through an efficient method of chemoenzymatic synthesis. A systematic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study was firstly undertaken for every oligosaccharide in the library. In addition to the availability of different oligosaccharides, this work also provides spectroscopic data helpful for characterizing more complicated polysaccharide structures providing a safeguard to ensure the quality of the drug heparin. This HS/heparin library will be useful for activity screening and facilitate future structure–activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , USA .
| | | | - Hannah M Jester
- Glycan Therapeutics , LLC , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA
| | - Andrew M Lim
- Glycan Therapeutics , LLC , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA
| | - Truong Quang Pham
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry , Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | | | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry , Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , USA .
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18
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Hyun JY, Park CW, Liu Y, Kwon D, Park SH, Park S, Pai J, Shin I. Carbohydrate Analogue Microarrays for Identification of Lectin-Selective Ligands. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1077-1082. [PMID: 28422419 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-five mono- and disaccharide analogues were prepared and used for the construction of microarrays to uncover lectin-selective ligands. The microarray study showed that two disaccharide analogues, 28' and 44', selectively bind to Solanum tuberosum lectin (STL) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), respectively. Cell studies indicated that 28' and 44' selectively block the binding of STL and WGA to mammalian cells, unlike the natural ligand LacNAc, which suppresses binding of both STL and WGA to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Cheol Wan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Daeun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Pai
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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19
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Abstract
Not only are glycan-mediated binding processes in cells and organisms essential for a wide range of physiological processes, but they are also implicated in various pathological processes. As a result, elucidation of glycan-associated biomolecular interactions and their consequences is of great importance in basic biological research and biomedical applications. In 2002, we and others were the first to utilize glycan microarrays in efforts aimed at the rapid analysis of glycan-associated recognition events. Because they contain a number of glycans immobilized in a dense and orderly manner on a solid surface, glycan microarrays enable multiple parallel analyses of glycan-protein binding events while utilizing only small amounts of glycan samples. Therefore, this microarray technology has become a leading edge tool in studies aimed at elucidating roles played by glycans and glycan binding proteins in biological systems. In this Account, we summarize our efforts on the construction of glycan microarrays and their applications in studies of glycan-associated interactions. Immobilization strategies of functionalized and unmodified glycans on derivatized glass surfaces are described. Although others have developed immobilization techniques, our efforts have focused on improving the efficiencies and operational simplicity of microarray construction. The microarray-based technology has been most extensively used for rapid analysis of the glycan binding properties of proteins. In addition, glycan microarrays have been employed to determine glycan-protein interactions quantitatively, detect pathogens, and rapidly assess substrate specificities of carbohydrate-processing enzymes. More recently, the microarrays have been employed to identify functional glycans that elicit cell surface lectin-mediated cellular responses. Owing to these efforts, it is now possible to use glycan microarrays to expand the understanding of roles played by glycans and glycan binding proteins in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hyun
- National Creative Research Initiative Center
for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Pai
- National Creative Research Initiative Center
for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- National Creative Research Initiative Center
for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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20
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Tao S, Jia TW, Yang Y, Chu LQ. BSA-Sugar Conjugates as Ideal Building Blocks for SPR-Based Glycan Biosensors. ACS Sens 2017; 2:57-60. [PMID: 28722428 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Controlled immobilization of sugar probes is of key importance for the development of glycan biosensors. To this end, a series of BSA-sugar conjugates with different numbers of mannose units are prepared via the squaric acid-mediated coupling reaction. The conjugates can absorb directly on gold substrate without any derivation reactions, thus providing a simple and effective method for the construction of SPR-based glycan biosensors. SPR measurements show that the BSA-mannose conjugate with 11 mannoses exhibit the highest affinity to the lectin concanavalin A with a limit of detection of ca. 1.8 nM. Regeneration and specificity of the obtained glycan biosensors are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tian-Wei Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Li-Qiang Chu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
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21
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Wakao M, Watanabe S, Kurahashi Y, Matsuo T, Takeuchi M, Ogawa T, Suzuki K, Yumino T, Myogadani T, Saito A, Muta KI, Kimura M, Kajikawa K, Suda Y. Optical Fiber-Type Sugar Chip Using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1086-1091. [PMID: 27989122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical fiber-type Sugar Chips were developed using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold (Au) nanoparticles. The endface of an optical fiber was first aminosilylated and then condensed with α-lipoic acid containing a dithiol group. Second, gold nanoparticles were immobilized onto the endface via an Au-S covalent bond. Finally, sugar moieties were attached to the gold nanoparticle using our original sugar chain-ligand conjugates to obtain fiber-type Sugar Chips, by which the sugar moiety-protein interaction was analyzed. The specificity, sensitivity, and quantitative binding potency against carbohydrate-binding protein were found to be identical to that of a conventional SPR sensor. In this analysis, only a small sample volume (approximately 10 μL) was required compared with 100 μL for the conventional SPR sensor, suggesting that the fiber-type Sugar Chip and LSPR are applicable for nonpure small masses of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Wakao
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kurahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ogawa
- Moritex Corporation , 1-3-3 Azamino-minami, Aobaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0012, Japan
| | - Keigo Suzuki
- Moritex Corporation , 1-3-3 Azamino-minami, Aobaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0012, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yumino
- Moritex Corporation , 1-3-3 Azamino-minami, Aobaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0012, Japan
| | - Tohru Myogadani
- Moritex Corporation , 1-3-3 Azamino-minami, Aobaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Moritex Corporation , 1-3-3 Azamino-minami, Aobaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0012, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Muta
- Moritex Corporation , 1-3-3 Azamino-minami, Aobaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-0012, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kimura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Midoriku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kajikawa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Midoriku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,SUDx-Biotec Corporation , 1-42-1 Shiroyama, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0013, Japan
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