1
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Deng XW, Liu S, Fan C, Liu H, Zou Y, He HF, Deng DD, Pu S, Chen Z. Tetraphenylethene-based mononuclear aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active mechanofluorochromism gold(I) complexes with different auxiliary ligands. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124712. [PMID: 38950476 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a series of tetraphenylethene-containing gold(I) complexes with different auxiliary ligands have been synthesized. These complexes were characterized using a variety of techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Their aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behaviors were investigated through ultraviolet/visible and photoluminescence spectrum analyses, and dynamic light scattering measurements. Meanwhile, their mechanofluorochromic properties were also studied via solid-state photoluminescence spectroscopy. Intriguingly, all these mononuclear gold(I) molecules functionalized by tetraphenylethene group demonstrated AIE phenomena. Furthermore, five gold(I) complexes possessing diverse auxiliary ligands exhibited distinct fluorescence changes in response to mechanical grinding. For luminogens 2-5, their solids showed reversible mechanofluorochromic behaviors triggered by the mutual transformation of crystalline and amorphous states, while for luminogen 1, blue-green-cyan three-color solid fluorescence conversion was realized by sequential mechanical grinding and solvent fumigation. Based on this stimuli-responsive tricolored fluorescence feature of 1, an information encryption system was successfully constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Deng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Shanting Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Congbin Fan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Yijie Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Dian-Dian Deng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330103, PR China.
| | - Zhao Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
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2
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Jha S, Mehra KS, Dey M, S S, Ghosh D, Mondal PK, Polentarutti M, Sankar J. A nine-ring fused terrylene diimide exhibits switching between red TADF and near-IR room temperature phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8974-8981. [PMID: 38873070 PMCID: PMC11168091 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the first example of a terrylene diimide derivative that switches emission between thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in the red region. By design, the molecule TDI-cDBT boasts a symmetrical, consecutively fused nine-ring motif with a kite-like structure. The rigid core formed by the annulated dibenzothiophene moiety favoured efficient intersystem crossing and yielded a narrow-band emission with a full-width half maxima (FWHM) of 0.09 eV, along with high colour purity. A small ΔE S1-T1 of 0.04 eV facilitated thermally activated delayed fluorescence, enhancing the quantum yield to 88% in the red region. Additionally, it also prefers a direct triplet emission from the aggregated state. The room temperature phosphorescence observed from the aggregates has a longer emission lifetime of 1.8 ms, which is further prolonged to 8 ms at 77 K in the NIR region. Thus, the current strategy is successful in not only reducing ΔE S1-T1 to favour TADF but also serves as a novel platform that can switch emission from TADF to RTP depending upon the concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangee Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal India 462066
| | - Kundan Singh Mehra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal India 462066
| | - Mandira Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences Kolkata India 700032
| | - Sujesh S
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal India 462066
| | - Debashree Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences Kolkata India 700032
| | - Pradip Kumar Mondal
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste Strada Statale 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | - Maurizio Polentarutti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste Strada Statale 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | - Jeyaraman Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal India 462066
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3
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Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang G, Yang X, Chang X, Xing G, Dong H, Wang J, Wang D, Mai Z, Jiang X. Advances in Host-Free White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Utilizing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: A Comprehensive Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:703. [PMID: 38930673 PMCID: PMC11205739 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The ever-growing prominence and widespread acceptance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly those employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), have firmly established them as formidable contenders in the field of lighting technology. TADF enables achieving a 100% utilization rate and efficient luminescence through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). However, the effectiveness of TADF-OLEDs is influenced by their high current density and limited device lifetime, which result in a significant reduction in efficiency. This comprehensive review introduces the TADF mechanism and provides a detailed overview of recent advancements in the development of host-free white OLEDs (WOLEDs) utilizing TADF. This review specifically scrutinizes advancements from three distinct perspectives: TADF fluorescence, TADF phosphorescence and all-TADF materials in host-free WOLEDs. By presenting the latest research findings, this review contributes to the understanding of the current state of host-free WOLEDs, employing TADF and underscoring promising avenues for future investigations. It aims to serve as a valuable resource for newcomers seeking an entry point into the field as well as for established members of the WOLEDs community, offering them insightful perspectives on imminent advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Xiaotian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Material of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China;
| | - Xi Chang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Guoliang Xing
- Jilin Special Equipment Inspection Center, Jilin Special Equipment Accident Investigation Service Center, No. 866 Huadan Street, Longtan District, Jilin 132013, China;
| | - He Dong
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430206, China; (D.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhihong Mai
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430206, China; (D.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
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4
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Stanitska M, Pokhodylo N, Lytvyn R, Urbonas E, Volyniuk D, Kutsiy S, Ivaniuk K, Kinzhybalo V, Stakhira P, Keruckiene R, Obushak M, Gražulevičius JV. Effects of Electron-Withdrawing Strengths of the Substituents on the Properties of 4-(Carbazolyl- R-benzoyl)-5-CF 3-1 H-1,2,3-triazole Derivatives as Blue Emitters for Doping-Free Electroluminescence Devices. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14613-14626. [PMID: 38559965 PMCID: PMC10976381 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of four 4-(carbazolyl-R-benzoyl)-5-CF3-1H-1,2,3-triazoles with extra groups ((3-methyl)-phenyl-, 4-fluorophenyl-, quinolinyl-, or (3-trifluoromethyl)-phenyl-) in the acceptor fragment has been reported. The effects of substituents with different electron-withdrawing strengths on the thermal, electrochemical, photophysical, and electroluminescence properties of the synthesized compounds are discussed. The results of X-ray analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations support unusual molecular packing and electronic properties. The compounds are capable of glass formation with glass transition temperatures ranging from 54-84 °C. Ionization potentials of the compounds are in the range of 5.98-6.22 eV and electron affinities range from 3.09 to 3.35 eV. Under ultraviolet excitation, the neat films of the compounds exhibit blue emission with photoluminescence quantum yields ranging from 18 to 27%. The films of selected compounds are used for the preparation of host-free light-emitting layers of organic light-emitting diodes with very simple device structures and an external quantum efficiency of 4.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Stanitska
- Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko st. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Ivan
Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 6, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Nazariy Pokhodylo
- Ivan
Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 6, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lytvyn
- Ivan
Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 6, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Ervinas Urbonas
- Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko st. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko st. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Stepan Kutsiy
- National
University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Stepan Bandera 12, Lviv 79000, Ukraine
| | - Khrystyna Ivaniuk
- National
University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Stepan Bandera 12, Lviv 79000, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kinzhybalo
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Okólna 2, Wrocław 50-422, Poland
| | - Pavlo Stakhira
- National
University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Stepan Bandera 12, Lviv 79000, Ukraine
| | - Rasa Keruckiene
- Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko st. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mykola Obushak
- Ivan
Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 6, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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5
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Sun H, He M, Baryshnikov GV, Wu B, Valiev RR, Shen S, Zhang M, Xu X, Li Z, Liu G, Ågren H, Zhu L. Engineering Tunable Ratiometric Dual Emission in Single Emitter-based Amorphous Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318159. [PMID: 38189634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Molecular emitters with multi-emissive properties are in high demand in numerous fields, while these properties basically depend on specific molecular conformation and packing. For amorphous systems, special molecular arrangement is unnecessary, but it remains challenging to achieve such luminescent behaviors. Herein, we present a general strategy that takes advantage of molecular rigidity and S1 -T1 energy gap balance for emitter design, which enables fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission properties in various solid forms, whether crystalline or amorphous. Subsequently, the amorphism of the emitters based polymethyl methacrylate films endowed an in situ regulation of the dual-emissive characteristics. With the ratiometric regulation of phosphorescence by external stimuli and stable fluorescence as internal reference, highly controllable luminescent color tuning (yellow to blue including white emission) was achieved. There properties together with a persistent luminous behavior is of benefit for an irreplaceable set of optical information combination, featuring an ultrahigh-security anti-counterfeiting ability. Our research introduces a concept of eliminating the crystal-form and molecular-conformational dependence of complex luminescent properties through emitter molecular design. This has profound implications for the development of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Menglu He
- Department of Chemistry, Advanced Research Institute, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Glib V Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Rashid R Valiev
- Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Advanced Research Institute, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University Box 516, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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6
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Huang Y, Ning L, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Gong Q, Zhang Q. Stimuli-fluorochromic smart organic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1090-1166. [PMID: 38193263 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00976e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Smart materials based on stimuli-fluorochromic π-conjugated solids (SFCSs) have aroused significant interest due to their versatile and exciting properties, leading to advanced applications. In this review, we highlight the recent developments in SFCS-based smart materials, expanding beyond organometallic compounds and light-responsive organic luminescent materials, with a discussion on the design strategies, exciting properties and stimuli-fluorochromic mechanisms along with their potential applications in the exciting fields of encryption, sensors, data storage, display, green printing, etc. The review comprehensively covers single-component and multi-component SFCSs as well as their stimuli-fluorochromic behaviors under external stimuli. We also provide insights into current achievements, limitations, and major challenges as well as future opportunities, aiming to inspire further investigation in this field in the near future. We expect this review to inspire more innovative research on SFCSs and their advanced applications so as to promote further development of smart materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Lijian Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qiuyu Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
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7
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Biesen L, Müller TJJ. Single molecule aggregation-induced dual and white-light emissive etherified aroyl- S, N-ketene acetals via one-pot synthesis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16867-16871. [PMID: 37283871 PMCID: PMC10240259 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02935b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Etherified aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals are readily synthesized by a novel one-pot addition-elimination-Williamson-etherification sequence. Although the underlying chromophore remains constant, derivatives show pronounced color-tuning of solid-state emission and AIE characteristics, whereas a hydroxy-methyl derivative represents an easily accessible mono molecular aggregation-induced white-light emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Biesen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 D-40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 D-40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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8
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Li J, Li X, Wang G, Wang X, Wu M, Liu J, Zhang K. A direct observation of up-converted room-temperature phosphorescence in an anti-Kasha dopant-matrix system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1987. [PMID: 37031245 PMCID: PMC10082826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is common sense that emission maxima of phosphorescence spectra (λP) are longer than those of fluorescence spectra (λF). Here we report a serendipitous finding of up-converted room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with λP < λF and phosphorescence lifetime > 0.1 s upon doping benzophenone-containing difluoroboron β-diketonate (BPBF2) into phenyl benzoate matrices. The up-converted RTP is originated from BPBF2's Tn (n ≥ 2) states which show typical 3n-π* characters from benzophenone moieties. Detailed studies reveal that, upon intersystem crossing from BPBF2's S1 states of charge transfer characters, the resultant T1 and Tn states build T1-to-Tn equilibrium. Because of their 3n-π* characters, the Tn states possess large phosphorescence rates that can strongly compete RTP(T1) to directly emit RTP(Tn) which violates Kasha's rule. The direct observation of up-converted RTP provides deep understanding of triplet excited state dynamics and opens an intriguing pathway to devise visible-light-excitable deep-blue afterglow emitters, as well as stimuli-responsive afterglow materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuepu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaka Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Zhang K, Meng X, He L. Cationic Zinc(II) Complexes with Carbazole-Type Counter-Anions: Intracomplex Donor/Acceptor Pairs Affording Exciplexes with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2135-2145. [PMID: 36691390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two cationic zinc(II) complexes with carbazole-type counter-anions, namely, [Zn(tpy)2]2+[CAZ-p-BF3-]2 (Zn-p) and [Zn(tpy)2]2+[CAZ-o-BF3-]2 (Zn-o), have been designed and synthesized, where tpy is 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, CAZ-p-BF3- is 4-((9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)trifluoroborate, and CAZ-o-BF3- is (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)trifluoroborate. The complex cation [Zn(tpy)2]2+ (as the acceptor) and the carbazole-type counter-anion CAZ-p-BF3- or CAZ-o-BF3- (as the donor) form an intracomplex donor/acceptor pair. Single-crystal structures reveal that compared to Zn-p, Zn-o exhibits a stronger π-π stacking interaction between the carbazole group (as the donor unit) of the counter-anion and the tpy ligand (as the acceptor unit) of [Zn(tpy)2]2+ because of the different anchoring position of the BF3- anion in the counter-anion. In a doped film, Zn-p and Zn-o afford an isolated exciplex formed between the carbazole group and the tpy ligand within the single complex, which gives green-yellow emission with a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) feature. In crystalline states, Zn-p and Zn-o afford exciplexes with blue emission centered at 468 nm and green-blue emission centered at 508 nm, respectively. The Zn-p crystalline sample shows a relatively large singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) (0.33 eV) and no TADF, whereas the Zn-o crystalline sample exhibits a small ΔEST (0.06 eV) and distinct TADF, with a reverse intersystem crossing rate at 3.3 × 105 s-1. Zn-p and Zn-o both exhibit intriguing mechanochromic luminescence, with largely red-shifted (by over 70 nm) emission and modulated TADF properties upon mechanically grinding the crystalline samples. The work demonstrates that donor/acceptor pairs affording exciplexes can be formed within cationic metal complexes using counter-anions with donor nature, which opens a new avenue toward photo-active metal complexes with rich photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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10
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Biesen L, Woschko D, Janiak C, Müller TJJ. Solid-State Emission and Aggregate Emission of Aroyl- S,N-Ketene Acetals Are Controlled and Tuned by Their Substitution Pattern. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202579. [PMID: 36111794 PMCID: PMC9828079 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals are a novel highly diverse class of aggregation-induced emission fluorogens (AIEgens) with a plethora of interesting properties. An expanded compound library of more than 110 dyes set the stage for the first qualitative control and tuneability of all aspects of their photophysical properties. The interplay of substituents not only allows tuning and prediction of the emission color, but also of the intensity, and quantum yields both in solids and in the aggregated state; these can be rationalized by scrutinizing intermolecular interactions in the crystalline solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Biesen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Dennis Woschko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
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11
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Dias GG, O Rodrigues M, Paz ERS, P Nunes M, Araujo MH, Rodembusch FS, da Silva Júnior EN. Aryl-Phenanthro[9,10- d]imidazole: A Versatile Scaffold for the Design of Optical-Based Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2865-2919. [PMID: 36250642 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent and colorimetric sensors are important tools for investigating the chemical compositions of different matrices, including foods, environmental samples, and water. The high sensitivity, low interference, and low detection limits of these sensors have inspired scientists to investigate this class of sensing molecules for ion and molecule detection. Several examples of fluorescent and colorimetric sensors have been described in the literature; this Review focuses particularly on phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles. Different strategies have been developed for obtaining phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles, which enable modification of their optical properties upon interaction with specific analytes. These sensing responses usually involve changes in the fluorescence intensity and/or color arising from processes like photoinduced electron transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state, and Förster resonance energy transfer. In this Review, we categorized these sensors into two different groups: those bearing formyl groups and their derivatives and those based on other molecular groups. The different optical responses of phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole-based sensors upon interaction with specific analytes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleiston G Dias
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
| | - Marieli O Rodrigues
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS. Brazil
| | - Esther R S Paz
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
| | - Maria H Araujo
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
| | - Fabiano S Rodembusch
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS. Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
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12
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Zheng Y, Zuo L, Zhang L, Huang Z, Li S, Yang Z, Mao Z, Luo S, Liu C, Sun F, Shi G, Chi Z, Xu B. Remarkable mechanochromism and force-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence enhancement from white-light-emitting organic luminogens with aggregation-induced emission. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Supramolecular aggregation properties of naphthalimide-decorated imino- Naphthol and imino-naphthalene based on fluorescent materials. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Wang Y, Wu H, Hu W, Stoddart JF. Color-Tunable Supramolecular Luminescent Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105405. [PMID: 34676928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructing multicolor photoluminescent materials with tunable properties is an attractive research objective on account of their abundant applications in materials science and biomedical engineering. By comparison with covalent synthesis, supramolecular chemistry has provided a more competitive and promising strategy for the production of organic materials and the regulation of their photophysical properties. By taking advantage of dynamic and reversible noncovalent bonding interactions, supramolecular strategies can, not only simplify the design and fabrication of organic materials, but can also endow them with dynamic reversibility and stimuli responsiveness, making it much easier to adjust the superstructures and properties of the materials. Occasionally, it is possible to introduce emergent properties into these materials, which are absent in their precursor compounds, broadening their potential applications. In an attempt to highlight the state-of-the-art noncovalent strategies available for the construction of smart luminescent materials, an overview of color-tunable materials is presented in this Review, with the emphasis being placed on the examples drawn from host-guest complexes, supramolecular assemblies and crystalline materials. The noncovalent synthesis of room-temperature phosphorescent materials and the modulation of their luminescent properties are also described. Finally, future directions and scientific challenges in the emergent field of color-tunable supramolecular emissive materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
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15
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Ito S. Mechanochromic luminescence of soft crystals: Recent systematic studies in controlling the molecular packing and mechanoresponsive properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, Zhu M, Lu Y, Zhang X, Xiao S, Lan H, Yi T. Design of Stimuli-Responsive Phenothiazine Derivatives with Triplet-Related Dual Emission and High-Contrast Mechanochromism Guided by Polymorph Prediction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200458. [PMID: 35411643 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-contrast stimulus-responsive materials with excited triplet emission is of great significance for anti-counterfeiting, sensor and memory applications, but remains a challenge. Here, we report a strategy for the rational design of stimulus-responsive phenothiazine derivatives with triplet-related dual emissions and high-contrast mechanochromism guided by Polymorph Prediction. The designed phenothiazine derivatives have the characters of simple structures, a facile synthetic procedure, and a good crystalline nature. We found that the crystals of those derivatives with the potential to form both quasi-axial (ax) and quasi-equatorial (eq) conformations could undergo conformation transition and show significant emission difference (Δλem >100 nm) under mechanical force. Meanwhile, all these phenothiazine derivatives exhibit aggregation-induced emission and emit room-temperature phosphorescence or thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The significant luminescent change of these materials under different stimuli gives them promise for applications in encryption and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Mengna Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, Institution East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhang Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Haichuang Lan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang, 443002, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
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17
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Biesen L, Krenzer J, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Resch-Genger U, Müller TJJ. Asymmetrically bridged aroyl- S, N-ketene acetal-based multichromophores with aggregation-induced tunable emission. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5374-5381. [PMID: 35655556 PMCID: PMC9093196 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetrically bridged aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals and aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal multichromophores can be readily synthesized in consecutive three-, four-, or five-component syntheses in good to excellent yields by several successive Suzuki-couplings of aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals and bis(boronic)acid esters. Different aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals as well as linker molecules yield a library of 23 multichromophores with substitution and linker pattern-tunable emission properties. This allows control of different communication pathways between the chromophores and of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and energy transfer (ET) properties, providing elaborate aggregation-based fluorescence switches. A library of 23 asymmetrically linked aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal solid-state emissive multichromophores accessed by one-pot multicomponent reactions exhibits AIE- and AIEE-active behavior as well as dual emission and potential energy transfer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Biesen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 D-40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Julius Krenzer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 D-40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department 1 Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 D-12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department 1 Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 D-12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 D-40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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18
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Liu F, Cheng Z, Jiang Y, Gao L, Liu H, Liu H, Feng Z, Lu P, Yang W. Highly Efficient Asymmetric Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter with EQE of 32.8 % and Extremely Low Efficiency Roll-Off. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116927. [PMID: 35104385 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters show great potentials for high color purity organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the simultaneous realization of high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC ) is still a formidable challenge. Herein, a novel asymmetric MR-TADF emitter (2Cz-PTZ-BN) is designed that fully inherits the high PLQY and large kRISC values of the properly selected parent molecules. The resonating extended π-skeleton with peripheral protection can achieve a high PLQY of 96 % and a fast kRISC of above 1.0×105 s-1 , and boost the performance of corresponding pure green devices with an outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 32.8 % without utilizing any sensitizing hosts. Remarkably, the device sufficiently maintains a high EQE exceeding 23 % at a high luminance of 1000 cd m-2 , representing the highest value for reported green MR-TADF materials at the same luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futong Liu
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Cheng
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lei Gao
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hanxuan Liu
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zijun Feng
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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19
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Liu F, Cheng Z, Jiang Y, Gao L, Liu H, Liu H, Feng Z, Lu P, Yang W. Highly Efficient Asymmetric Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter with EQE of 32.8 % and Extremely Low Efficiency Roll‐Off. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Futong Liu
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Department of Chemistry Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Cheng
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Department of Chemistry Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Department of Chemistry Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Lei Gao
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Department of Chemistry Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Hanxuan Liu
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Department of Chemistry Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Department of Chemistry Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zijun Feng
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Department of Chemistry Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Department of Chemistry Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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20
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Kim D, Kwon MS, Lee CW. Mechanochromic polymers with a multimodal chromic transition: mechanophore design and transduction mechanism. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00435f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the recent progress in multi-chromic polymers embedded with mechanophores concentrating on transduction mechanisms and design concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewhan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Whan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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21
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Ito S. Luminescent polymorphic crystals: mechanoresponsive and multicolor-emissive properties. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic organic crystals that can switch their photophysical properties in response to mechanical stimuli are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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22
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Barman D, Annadhasan M, Chandrasekar R, Iyer PK. Hot-exciton harvesting via through-space single-molecule based white-light emission and optical waveguides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9004-9015. [PMID: 36091201 PMCID: PMC9365089 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02172b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Through-space donor–alkyl bridge–acceptor (D–σ–A) luminogens are developed as new organic single-molecule white light emitters (OSMWLEs) involving multiple higher lying singlet (Sn) and triplet (Tm) states (hot-excitons). Experimental and theoretical results confirm the origin of white light emission due to the co-existence of prompt fluorescence from locally excited states, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and fast/slow dual phosphorescence color mixing simultaneously. Notably, the fast phosphorescence was observed due to trace amounts of isomeric impurities from commercial carbazole, while H-/J-aggregation resulted in slow phosphorescence. Crystal structure-packing-property analysis revealed that the alkyl chain length induced supramolecular self-assembly greatly influenced the solid-state optical properties. Remarkably, the 1D-microrod crystals of OSMWLEs demonstrated the first examples of triplet harvesting waveguides by self-guiding the generated phosphorescence through light propagation along their longitudinal axis. This work thus highlights an uncommon design strategy to achieve multi-functional OSMWLEs with in-depth mechanistic insights and optical waveguiding applications making them a potentially new class of white emissive materials. Through-space donor–alkyl bridge–acceptor multifunctional organic single molecules that simultaneously displayed white light emission, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, room temperature dual phosphorescence and optical wave-guiding properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Mari Annadhasan
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Rajadurai Chandrasekar
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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23
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Xu B, Song Z, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Jiang L, Xu C, Zhong L, Su C, Ban Q, Liu C, Sun F, Zhang Y, Chi Z, Zhao Z, Shi G. Controlling the thermally activated delayed fluorescence of axially chiral organic emitters and their racemate for information encryption. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15556-15562. [PMID: 35003584 PMCID: PMC8653998 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04738h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A pair of axially chiral organic enantiomers were facilely prepared through a one-pot sequential synthesis. They exhibit circularly polarized luminescence activities and have thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and aggregation-induced emission enhancement properties. Meanwhile, these two enantiomers present remarkable and reversible thermochromism in the crystalline state, enabling dual-colour TADF switching between orange and red. However, when they form cocrystals, the resulting racemate shows opposite thermochromic behaviors. These intriguing results probably emanate from their different optical activities, leading to distinct molecular packing modes and molecular conformation variations. Moreover, information encryption based on thermochromism of organic enantiomers and their racemate has been presented for the first time. This work may expand the application scope of chiral organic luminogens and pave a new way to construct intelligent luminescent systems. A pair of axially chiral organic enantiomers with circularly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence and aggregation-induced emission enhancement properties show opposite thermochromic behaviors to their racemate.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zicun Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Long Jiang
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Cao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Changlin Su
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qiqi Ban
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Fengqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (Sun Yat-sen University), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (Sun Yat-sen University), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Guang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
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24
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Li JB, Zheng HW, Wu M, Liang QF, Yang DD, Zheng XJ, Tan HW. Multistimulus Response of Two Tautomeric Zn(II) Complexes and Their White-Light Emission Based on Different Mechanisms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17677-17686. [PMID: 34784208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A triphenylamine (TPA)-based 2H-quinazoline Zn(II) complex (Q-TPA-Zn) exhibiting dual fluorescence and phosphorescence emission in the solid state was designed and prepared. It possesses mechanochromic luminescence and thermochromic luminescence properties. In the solid state, the white afterglow luminescence could be observed at 77 K (CIExy: 0.27, 0.33) while cyan luminescence could be observed at 297 K. After thermolysis at 300 °C, Q-TPA-Zn could be transformed into Schiff base complex S-TPA-Zn with white fluorescence in the powder state (CIExy: 0.32, 0.38), in methanol (CIExy: 0.32, 0.39), and in dimethylformamide (CIExy: 0.26, 0.32) at room temperature. This arises from dual emission of normal* emission and tautomeric* emission induced by excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) from the benzimidazole NH group to the Schiff base N atom. Q-TPA-Zn could also be transformed into its isomeric form, S-TPA-Zn, through photochemical ring-opening reaction upon irradiation under 365 nm in the solution, exhibiting high-contrast photochromic luminescence. Interestingly, S-TPA-Zn could further be transformed into its zwitterionic isomer after continuous irradiation. The same ring-opening reaction could also take place for the orgainc compound Q-TPA via heating or 365 nm irradiation. The ring-opening reaction mechanism and ESIPT emission were interpreted via theoretical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Han-Wen Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qiong-Fang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Jun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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25
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Three-primary-color molecular cocrystals showing white-light luminescence, tunable optical waveguide and ultrahigh polarized emission. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Ito S, Sekine R, Munakata M, Yamashita M, Tachikawa T. Mechanochromic Luminescence (MCL) of Purely Organic Two-Component Dyes: Wide-Range MCL over 300 nm and Two-Step MCL by Charge-Transfer Complexation. Chemistry 2021; 27:13982-13990. [PMID: 34405922 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent extensive studies on mechanochromic luminescence (MCL), rational control over the magnitude of the emission-wavelength shift in response to mechanical stimuli remains challenging. In the present study, a two-component donor-acceptor approach has been applied to create a variety of organic MCL composites that exhibit remarkable emission-wavelength switching. Dibenzofuran-based bis(1-pyrenylmethyl)diamine and typical organic fluorophores have been employed as donor and acceptor dyes, respectively. Outstanding wide-range MCL with an emission-wavelength shift of over 300 nm has been achieved by mixing the diamine with 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide. Unprecedented two-step MCL in response to mechanical stimuli of different intensity has also been realized for a two-component mixture with 9,10-anthraquinone. Fluorescence microscopy observations at the single-particle level revealed that the segregation and mixing of the two-component dyes contribute to the stimuli-responsive emission-color switching of the MCL composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sekine
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayasu Munakata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Maho Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.,Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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27
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Biesen L, May L, Nirmalananthan‐Budau N, Hoffmann K, Resch‐Genger U, Müller TJJ. Communication of Bichromophore Emission upon Aggregation - Aroyl-S,N-ketene Acetals as Multifunctional Sensor Merocyanines. Chemistry 2021; 27:13426-13434. [PMID: 34170045 PMCID: PMC8518837 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal-based bichromophores can be readily synthesized in a consecutive three-component synthesis in good to excellent yields by condensation of aroyl chlorides and an N-(p-bromobenzyl) 2-methyl benzothiazolium salt followed by a Suzuki coupling, yielding a library of 31 bichromophoric fluorophores with substitution pattern-tunable emission properties. Varying both chromophores enables different communication pathways between the chromophores, exploiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and energy transfer (ET) properties, and thus, furnishing aggregation-based fluorescence switches. Possible applications range from fluorometric analysis of alcoholic beverages to pH sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Biesen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lars May
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan‐Budau
- Division BiophotonicsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department 1Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Division BiophotonicsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department 1Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department 1Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
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Hasan N, Ma Z, Liu J, Li Z, Qian C, Liu Y, Chen M, Jiang H, Jia X, Ma Z. Selective Expression of a Carbazole-Phenothiazine Derivative Leads to Dual-mode AIEE, TADF and Distinctive Mechanochromism. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2093-2098. [PMID: 34318995 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report a newly designed D-A-D' derivative (CNCzPTZ), which displays selective expression of chromophores. This enables CNCzPTZ with solvatochromism, rare dual-mode AIEE properties, solid-state dual-emissions with phosphorescence and distinctive mechanochromism.CNCzPTZ exhibits dual-mode AIEE properties, since the emission band abruptly shifts from 550 nm to 500 nm as the water fraction increases. In the crystalline state, CNCzPTZ demonstrated dual emission bands of 478 nm and 538 nm.CNCzPTZ shows distinctive mechanochromic property in the solid state due to the planarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Hasan
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- National high-tech industrial development zone in Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, 333000, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zewei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and, Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mingxing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and, Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and, Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and, Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Ajantha J, Yuvaraj P, Karuppusamy M, Easwaramoorthi S. Single-Molecule White-Light-Emitting Starburst Donor-Acceptor Triphenylamine Derivatives and Their Application as Ratiometric Luminescent Molecular Thermometers. Chemistry 2021; 27:11319-11325. [PMID: 34043253 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
White-light emission (WLE) from a single molecule is a highly desirable alternative to a complex mixture of complementary colour emitters, which suffers from poor stability and reproducibility for potential use in organic electronic devices and lighting applications. We report single-molecule WLE both in solution and thin films by judiciously controlled π-electron delocalisation between the triarylamine subchromophoric units. Triphenylamine (TPA) forms the central core, and the phenyl rings are substituted with the electron-deficient acceptor 3-ethylrhodanine (Rh) and electron-rich donors triphenylamine or carbazole. The enforced biphenyl configuration of the TPA core and the other donors renders the π-conjugation across the entire chromophore poor, thus the individual subchromophoric units retain their individual emission characteristics, which cover all three primary colour emissions, that is, red, green and blue (RGB). TPA-Rh units exhibit broad fluorescence in the green-red region originating from the local excited (LE) state and intramolecular charge transfer state (ICT), strongly influenced by the solvent, water, and temperature. Different fluorescence parameters, including spectral maxima, ratiometric changes in ICT emission at the expense of blue emission from terminal donor units, and changes in lifetime, have a linear relationship with temperature between 180-330 K, thus the molecules can function as a multiparameter luminescent molecular thermometer. A temperature coefficient of 0.19 K-1 in ratiometric fluorescence changes along with a spectral shift of 0.3 nm K-1 and their workability over the wide temperature makes these molecules promising materials for potential applications. At lower temperatures, individual subchromophoric properties subside because of the reduced dihedral angle of biphenyl, and fluorescence from the whole molecule becomes dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ajantha
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
- University of Madras, Chepauk, Chennai, 600005, India
| | - Palani Yuvaraj
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
- University of Madras, Chepauk, Chennai, 600005, India
| | - Masiyappan Karuppusamy
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CLRI Campus, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Shanmugam Easwaramoorthi
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
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Huang Q, Guo Q, Lan J, Su R, Ran Y, Yang Y, Bin Z, You J. Mechanically induced single-molecule white-light emission of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1499-1508. [PMID: 34846458 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh02032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Described herein is the first example of mechanically induced single-molecule white-light emission based on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) materials. The mechanism of mechanochromism is clearly disclosed by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence up-conversion measurement, etc. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)oxazole (6b) with a herringbone packing motif exhibits a predominant keto-form emission, giving off yellowish-green fluorescence. Mechanical grinding transforms the herringbone packing motif into a brickwork packing motif, decreases the intermolecular distances, which results in an enhanced intermolecular charge-transfer interaction, and therefore changes the ESIPT dynamics, leading to an enhanced enol-form emission and white fluorescence. Herringbone-packing 6b is thermodynamically more stable than brickwork-packing 6b. Thus, the latter can convert to the former by solvent fuming or thermal annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Jang Y, Rout Y, Misra R, D’Souza F. Symmetric and Asymmetric Push–Pull Conjugates: Significance of Pull Group Strength on Charge Transfer and Separation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4067-4075. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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32
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He L, Bai R, Yu R, Meng X, Tian M, Wang X. Donor/Acceptor Pairs Created by Electrostatic Interaction: Design, Synthesis, and Investigation on the Exciplex Formed Within the Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6013-6020. [PMID: 33331060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exciplexes formed between donors and acceptors have been widely explored but isolating them from each other and tuning the interaction between the donor and acceptor have remained challenges. Here, we report donor/acceptor (D/A) pairs created by electrostatic interaction between a carbazole-based anionic donor and a 1,3,5-triazine-based cationic acceptor and the exciplex formed within the pair. In a diluted film, the D/A pair affords an isolated exciplex which shows thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). By changing the anchoring position of the imidazolium cation in the cationic acceptor, interactions between the donor and acceptor can be changed. Compared to the conventional exciplex formed in a neat film, the isolated exciplex exhibits a substantially higher luminescence efficiency. The D/A pairs show intriguing mechanochromic luminescence and mechanical grinding-induced/reinforced TADF in the solid state and promising performances as emitters in organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Rubing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Renyou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xianwen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
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33
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Li G, Yang T, Shao K, Gao Y, Shan G, Su Z, Wang X, Zhu D. Understanding Mechanochromic Luminescence on Account of Molecular Level Based on Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complex Isomers. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3741-3748. [PMID: 33641331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochromic luminescent (MCL) materials are promising in pressure sensors, security papers, photoelectric devices and optical data recording. Although some kinds of MCL-active iridium(III) complexes with various soft substituent functional ligands (e.g., dendritic carbazole, flexible chains, and Schiff base ligands) were reported, the MCL mechanism is still not clear and mainly ascribes to the physical phase transformations from crystalline state to amorphous state in response to force stimulus at present stage, and deserves further study in order to obtain more intelligent MCL materials. Herein, two new iridium(III) complex isomers are tactfully constructed and show distinctly opposite MCL properties in spite of the same physical phase transformations happening on them. The absolutely out of the ordinary MCL mechanism has been presented on account of molecular level for the first time via the comparative study of photophysical properties based on isomers 1 and 2 with the help of crystal structure analysis, room/low temperature emission spectra, NMR, PXRD, and TD-DFT calculations. All of these results suggest that the emitting state dominated by the triplet charge transfer excited state (3CT) plays a key role in achieving mechanochromic luminescence in iridium(III) complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuizhan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun Jilin Province 130052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guogang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People's Republic of China
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34
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Homocianu M. Optical properties of solute molecules: Environmental effects, challenges, and their practical implications. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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He L, Bai R, Yu R, Meng X, Tian M, Wang X. Donor/Acceptor Pairs Created by Electrostatic Interaction: Design, Synthesis, and Investigation on the Exciplex Formed Within the Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Rubing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Renyou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Xianwen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
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36
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Xie M, Chen XR, Wu K, Lu Z, Wang K, Li N, Wei RJ, Zhan SZ, Ning GH, Zou B, Li D. Pressure-induced phosphorescence enhancement and piezochromism of a carbazole-based cyclic trinuclear Cu(i) complex. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4425-4431. [PMID: 34163707 PMCID: PMC8179561 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in piezochromic luminescence has increased in recent decades, even though it is mostly limited to pure organic compounds and fluorescence. In this work, a Cu3Pz3 (Cu3, Pz: pyrazolate) cyclic trinuclear complex (CTC) with two different crystalline polymorphs, namely 1a and 1b, was synthesized. The CTC consists of two functional moieties: carbazole (Cz) chromophore and Cu3 units. In crystals of 1a, discrete Cz-Cu3-Cu3-Cz stacking was found, showing abnormal pressure-induced phosphorescence enhancement (PIPE), which was 12 times stronger at 2.23 GPa compared to under ambient conditions. This novel observation is ascribed to cooperation between heavy-atom effects (i.e., from Cu atoms) and metal-ligand charge-transfer promotion. The infinite π-π stacking of Cz motifs was observed in 1b and it exhibited good piezochromism as the pressure increased. This work demonstrates a new concept in the design of piezochromic materials to achieve PIPE via combining organic chromophores and metal-organic phosphorescence emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ru Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jia Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Ze Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
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37
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Li X, Shen S, Zhang C, Liu M, Lu J, Zhu L. Small-molecule based thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials with dual-emission characteristics. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Hayashi Y, Suzuki N, Maeda T, Fujiwara H, Yagi S. Photophysical properties of 4-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)pyridinium–cyclic enolate betaine dyes tuned by control of twisted intramolecular transfer. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, thienylpyridinium–cyclic enolate betaine (TPB) dyes were reported as unique skeletons of fluorescent donor–acceptor type molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Osaka 599-8531
- Japan
| | - Naoya Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Osaka 599-8531
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Osaka 599-8531
- Japan
| | - Hideki Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Osaka 599-8531
- Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Osaka 599-8531
- Japan
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39
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Kukhta NA, Bryce MR. Dual emission in purely organic materials for optoelectronic applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:33-55. [PMID: 34821289 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Purely organic molecules, which emit light by dual emissive (DE) pathways, have received increased attention in the last decade. These materials are now being utilized in practical optoelectronic, sensing and biomedical applications. In order to further extend the application of the DE emitters, it is crucial to gain a fundamental understanding of the links between the molecular structure and the underlying photophysical processes. This review categorizes the types of DE according to the spin multiplicity and time range of the emission, with emphasis on recent experimental advances. The design rules towards novel DE molecular candidates, the most perspective types of DE and possible future applications are outlined. These exciting developments highlight the opportunities for new materials synthesis and pave the way for accelerated future innovation and developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzeya A Kukhta
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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40
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Alday J, Mazzeo A, Suarez S. Selective detection of gasotransmitters using fluorescent probes based on transition metal complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Luo M, Li X, Ding L, Baryshnikov G, Shen S, Zhu M, Zhou L, Zhang M, Lu J, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Integrating Time‐Resolved Imaging Information by Single‐Luminophore Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xu‐dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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42
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Luo M, Li X, Ding L, Baryshnikov G, Shen S, Zhu M, Zhou L, Zhang M, Lu J, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Integrating Time‐Resolved Imaging Information by Single‐Luminophore Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17018-17025. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xu‐dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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43
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Yang M, Park IS, Miyashita Y, Tanaka K, Yasuda T. Mechanochromic Delayed Fluorescence Switching in Propeller-Shaped Carbazole-Isophthalonitrile Luminogens with Stimuli-Responsive Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Excited States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13955-13961. [PMID: 32369229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the universal design of high-efficiency stimuli-responsive luminous materials endowed with mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) functions is reported. The origin of the unique stimuli-triggered TADF switching for a series of carbazole-isophthalonitrile-based donor-acceptor (D-A) luminogens is demonstrated based on systematic photophysical and X-ray analysis, coupled with theoretical calculations. It was revealed that a tiny alteration of the intramolecular D-A twisting in the excited-state structures governed by the solid morphologies is responsible for this dynamic TADF switching behavior. This concept is applicable to the fabrication of bicolor emissive organic light-emitting diodes using a single TADF emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlang Yang
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center (IFRC), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - In Seob Park
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center (IFRC), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyashita
- Odawara Research Center, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., 345 Takada, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0280, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Odawara Research Center, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., 345 Takada, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0280, Japan
| | - Takuma Yasuda
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center (IFRC), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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44
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Barman D, Gogoi R, Narang K, Iyer PK. Recent Developments on Multi-Functional Metal-Free Mechanochromic Luminescence and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Materials. Front Chem 2020; 8:483. [PMID: 32695743 PMCID: PMC7338664 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-free organic compounds with highly ordered π-conjugated twisted skeletons are capable of generating brilliant multi-colored light. Additionally, the co-existence of numerous other multi-functional properties have endowed them with the potential to be a promising class of materials for several electronic and photonic applications and next-generation advanced luminescent material-based devices. This review highlights the recent developments made in this fascinating class of multi-property encompassing materials, involving a highly twisted donor-acceptor based single molecular platform with synchronized photophysical behavior such as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), mechanoresponsive (MR), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and aggregation induced emission (AIE) with associated unique and inherently manifested structure-property relationship investigations. Furthermore, a brief summary of the optoelectronic behavior of TADF materials are also presented by correlating their performances in the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and corresponding EL devices. In addition to mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) with TADF behavior, new types of emitters are also being developed, with tunable color changes such as blue-green, yellow-orange, yellow-red, etc., with some emitters crossing the entire visible span to produce white OLEDs. These developments have enriched the library of fascinating organic materials in addition to providing new directions of multifunctional material design for solutions processed OLED and several other advanced devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Rajdikshit Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Kavita Narang
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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45
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Yang M, Park IS, Miyashita Y, Tanaka K, Yasuda T. Mechanochromic Delayed Fluorescence Switching in Propeller‐Shaped Carbazole–Isophthalonitrile Luminogens with Stimuli‐Responsive Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Excited States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minlang Yang
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center (IFRC) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - In Seob Park
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center (IFRC) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyashita
- Odawara Research Center Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. 345 Takada Odawara Kanagawa 250-0280 Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Odawara Research Center Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. 345 Takada Odawara Kanagawa 250-0280 Japan
| | - Takuma Yasuda
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center (IFRC) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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46
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Wheeler D, Diodati AV, Tomlinson AL, Jeffries-EL M. Evaluating the Role of Molecular Heredity in the Optical and Electronic Properties of Cross-Conjugated Benzo[1,2- d:4,5- d']bisoxazoles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12374-12384. [PMID: 32548421 PMCID: PMC7271376 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of eight benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bisoxazole (BBOs) were synthesized using the heredity principle as a design motif, whereby we investigated which characteristics of the linear parents were inherited by their cross-conjugated children. Four linear parents bearing 4-tert-butylbenzene (P) or 1,3-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)benzene (M) at either the 2,6- or 4,8-position on the BBO and four cross-conjugated children bearing various combinations of the two isoelectronic aryl substituents were evaluated. Due to the bulky nature of the M substituent compared to that of the P substituent, the influence of steric hindrance along the BBO axes was explored theoretically and experimentally. The optical and electronic properties of each molecule were investigated in the solution and solid state using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) and characterized using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The well-correlated theoretical and experimental results showed that the selective tuning of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels was possible through the strategic placement of substituents without impacting the H → L transition energy. Specifically, the theoretical results demonstrated that for the BBO children the HOMO and LUMO energy levels were inherited from the 4,8- and 2,6-parents, respectively. Each molecule was found to exhibit emission maxima ≤451 nm, making them ideal candidates for blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David
L. Wheeler
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alex V. Diodati
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Georgia, 82 College Circle, Dahlonega, Georgia 30041, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Aimée L. Tomlinson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Georgia, 82 College Circle, Dahlonega, Georgia 30041, United
States
| | - Malika Jeffries-EL
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston
University, 15 St. Mary
Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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47
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Kundu S, Sk B, Pallavi P, Giri A, Patra A. Molecular Engineering Approaches Towards All‐Organic White Light Emitting Materials. Chemistry 2020; 26:5557-5582. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Kundu
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass, Road Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Bahadur Sk
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass, Road Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Pragyan Pallavi
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass, Road Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Arkaprabha Giri
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass, Road Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass, Road Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
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48
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Chen Z, Ho CL, Wang L, Wong WY. Single-Molecular White-Light Emitters and Their Potential WOLED Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903269. [PMID: 32009268 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) are superior to traditional incandescent light bulbs and compact fluorescent lamps in terms of their merits in ensuring pure white-light emission, low-energy consumption, large-area thin-film fabrication, etc. Unfortunately, WOLEDs based on multilayered or multicomponent (red, green, and blue (RGB)) emissive layers can suffer from some remarkable disadvantages, such as intricate device fabrication and voltage-dependent emission color, etc. Single molecules, which can emit white light, can be used to replace multiple emitters, leading to a simplified fabrication process, stable and reproducible WOLEDs. Recently, the performance of WOLEDs by using single molecules is catching up with that of the state-of-the-art devices fabricated by multicomponent emitters. Therefore, an increasing attention has been paid on single white-light-emitting materials for efficient WOLEDs. In this review, different mechanisms of white-light emission from a single molecule and the performance of single-molecule-based WOLEDs are collected and expounded, hoping to light up the interesting subject on single-molecule white-light-emitting materials, which have great potential as white-light emitters for illumination and lighting applications in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Cheuk-Lam Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Liqi Wang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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49
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Yu J, Liu Z, Wang B, Cao Y, Liu D, Wang Y, Yan X. Multi-response Quinoxaline-based Fluorophores: Solvatochromism, Mechanochromism, and Water Sensoring. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dongqi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yixian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xilong Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin, P. R. China
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50
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Denißen M, Hannen R, Itskalov D, Biesen L, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Hoffmann K, Reiss GJ, Resch-Genger U, Müller TJJ. One-pot synthesis of a white-light emissive bichromophore operated by aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) and partial energy transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7407-7410. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Consecutive four-component insertion–alkynylation–amination–Suzuki sequence furnishes bichromophores that emit white light upon aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) operating by partial energy transfer between the constituting chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Denißen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Ricarda Hannen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Dana Itskalov
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Lukas Biesen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | | | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Division Biophotonics
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
- Department 1
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Guido J. Reiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
- Department 1
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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