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Kwon Y, Singh S, Rodriguez D, Chau AL, Pitenis AA, De Tomaso AW, Valentine MT. Mechanical resilience of the sessile tunicate Botryllus schlosseri. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245124. [PMID: 37929758 PMCID: PMC10753489 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the sessile tunicate Botryllus schlosseri is remarkably resilient to applied loads by attaching the animals to an extensile substrate subjected to quasistatic equiradial loads. Animals can withstand radial extension of the substrate to strain values as high as 20% before they spontaneously detach. In the small to moderate strain regime, we found no relationship between the dynamic size of the external vascular bed and the magnitude of applied stretch, despite known force sensitivities of the vascular tissue at the cellular level. We attribute this resilience to the presence and mechanical properties of the tunic, the cellulose-enriched gel-like substance that encases the animal bodies and surrounding vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Shambhavi Singh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Delany Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Allison L. Chau
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Angela A. Pitenis
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Anthony W. De Tomaso
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Megan T. Valentine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
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Lee H, Chandrasekharan A, Seong K, Jo YJ, Park S, An S, Lee S, Kim H, Ahn H, Seo S, Lee JS, Yang SY. User-demand fast-curable ocular glues enforced by multilength tunable networks. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10323. [PMID: 36176623 PMCID: PMC9472003 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving fast and secure wound closure without ocular foreign body sensation is highly desired in ophthalmologic surgery. Sutureless approaches using tissue adhesives are gaining popularity, but their practical use is limited by the difficulty in controlling adhesion time and satisfying safety standards without compromising adhesive performance. Herein, we report user-demand hydrogel-forming ocular glues based on multilength photo-crosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA), achieving firm tissue adhesion under wet and dynamic conditions and possessing cornea-like optical transparency. The HA-based photocurable glue (HA photoglue) quickly seals wounds upon nontoxic low-energy light exposure (320-500 nm, < 5 s, < 1 J cm-2), and its mechanical and adhesive properties are improved by introducing short and long crosslinkable moieties into HA through one-step synthesis, forming multilength networks. Furthermore, the HA photoglue provides stable sealing in wet environments like ocular mucous surface, a clear vision with a light transmittance of more than 95% over the entire visible range, and a lubricating surface with minimal ocular sensation (generating less than 10% frictional force than suture groups). In a rabbit corneal incision model, the HA photoglue showed improved wound healing efficacy based on histological evaluation compared to control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeseon Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program)Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
| | - Ajeesh Chandrasekharan
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program)Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
| | - Keum‐Yong Seong
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program)Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Jo
- Department of OphthalmologyPusan National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University HospitalBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Samdae Park
- SNvia Co., Ltd.Hyowon Industry‐Cooperation Building., Pusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Seonyeong An
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program)Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
| | - Seungsoo Lee
- SNvia Co., Ltd.Hyowon Industry‐Cooperation Building., Pusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Industrial Technology Convergence CenterPohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECHPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Industrial Technology Convergence CenterPohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECHPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Sungbaek Seo
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program)Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of OphthalmologyPusan National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University HospitalBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program)Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
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Slepukhin VM, Levine AJ. Braiding Dynamics in Semiflexible Filament Bundles under Oscillatory Forcing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2195. [PMID: 34279339 PMCID: PMC8271738 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the nonequilibrium production of topological defects-braids-in semiflexible filament bundles under cycles of compression and tension. During these cycles, the period of compression facilitates the thermally activated pair production of braid/anti-braid pairs, which then may separate when the bundle is under tension. As a result, appropriately tuned alternating periods of compression and extension should lead to the proliferation of braid defects in a bundle so that the linear density of these pairs far exceeds that expected in the thermal equilibrium. Secondly, we examine the slow extension of braided bundles under tension, showing that their end-to-end length creeps nonmonotonically under a fixed force due to braid deformation and the motion of the braid pair along the bundle. We conclude with a few speculations regarding experiments on semiflexible filament bundles and their networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin M Slepukhin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alex J Levine
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Tito NB, Creton C, Storm C, Ellenbroek WG. Harnessing entropy to enhance toughness in reversibly crosslinked polymer networks. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2190-2203. [PMID: 30747183 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reversible crosslinking is a design paradigm for polymeric materials, wherein they are microscopically reinforced with chemical species that form transient crosslinks between the polymer chains. Besides the potential for self-healing, recent experimental work suggests that freely diffusing reversible crosslinks in polymer networks, such as gels, can enhance the toughness of the material without substantial change in elasticity. This presents the opportunity for making highly elastic materials that can be strained to a large extent before rupturing. Here, we employ Gaussian chain theory, molecular simulation, and polymer self-consistent field theory for networks to construct an equilibrium picture for how reversible crosslinks can toughen a polymer network without affecting its elasticity. Maximisation of polymer entropy drives the reversible crosslinks to bind preferentially near the permanent crosslinks in the network, leading to local molecular reinforcement without significant alteration of the network topology. In equilibrium conditions, permanent crosslinks share effectively the load with neighbouring reversible crosslinks, forming multi-functional crosslink points. The network is thereby globally toughened, while the linear elasticity is left largely unaltered. Practical guidelines are proposed to optimise this design in experiment, along with a discussion of key kinetic and timescale considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Tito
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Costantino Creton
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI) ParisTech, UMR 7615, 10, Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cédex 05, France and CNRS, UMR 7615, 10, Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cédex 05, France and Sorbonne-Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7615, 10, Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Cornelis Storm
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter G Ellenbroek
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Gong B, Wei X, Qian J, Lin Y. Modeling and Simulations of the Dynamic Behaviors of Actin-Based Cytoskeletal Networks. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3720-3734. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gong
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Mulla Y, Oliveri G, Overvelde JTB, Koenderink GH. Crack Initiation in Viscoelastic Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:268002. [PMID: 30004756 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.268002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In viscoelastic materials, individually short-lived bonds collectively result in a mechanical resistance which is long lived but finite as, ultimately, cracks appear. Here, we provide a microscopic mechanism by which a critical crack length emerges from the nonlinear local bond dynamics. Because of this emerging length scale, macroscopic viscoelastic materials fracture in a fundamentally different manner from microscopically small systems considered in previous models. We provide and numerically verify analytical equations for the dependence of the critical crack length on the bond kinetics and applied stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Mulla
- Living Matter Department, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Oliveri
- Designer Matter Department, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Living Matter Department, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Seo S, Lee DW, Ahn JS, Cunha K, Filippidi E, Ju SW, Shin E, Kim BS, Levine ZA, Lins RD, Israelachvili JN, Waite JH, Valentine MT, Shea JE, Ahn BK. Significant Performance Enhancement of Polymer Resins by Bioinspired Dynamic Bonding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:10.1002/adma.201703026. [PMID: 28833661 PMCID: PMC5640498 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine mussels use catechol-rich interfacial mussel foot proteins (mfps) as primers that attach to mineral surfaces via hydrogen, metal coordination, electrostatic, ionic, or hydrophobic bonds, creating a secondary surface that promotes bonding to the bulk mfps. Inspired by this biological adhesive primer, it is shown that a ≈1 nm thick catecholic single-molecule priming layer increases the adhesion strength of crosslinked polymethacrylate resin on mineral surfaces by up to an order of magnitude when compared with conventional primers such as noncatecholic silane- and phosphate-based grafts. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that catechol groups anchor to a variety of mineral surfaces and shed light on the binding mode of each molecule. Here, a ≈50% toughness enhancement is achieved in a stiff load-bearing polymer network, demonstrating the utility of mussel-inspired bonding for processing a wide range of polymeric interfaces, including structural, load-bearing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungbaek Seo
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Biomaterials Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
| | - Dong Woog Lee
- Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
- Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jin Soo Ahn
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Dental Research Institute and Biomaterials Science, Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, South Korea
| | - Keila Cunha
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50740-670, Brazil
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Emmanouela Filippidi
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sung Won Ju
- Dental Research Institute and Biomaterials Science, Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, South Korea
| | - Eeseul Shin
- Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
| | - Zachary A Levine
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Roberto D Lins
- Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50740-670, Brazil
- Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, PE, 50670-465, Brazil
| | - Jacob N Israelachvili
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - J Herbert Waite
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Megan T Valentine
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Joan Emma Shea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - B Kollbe Ahn
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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8
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Plagge J, Fischer A, Heussinger C. Viscoelasticity of reversibly crosslinked networks of semiflexible polymers. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:062502. [PMID: 27415312 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.062502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical framework for the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of reversibly crosslinked networks of semiflexible polymers. In contrast to affine models where network strain couples to the polymer end-to-end distance, in our model strain rather serves to locally distort the network structure. This induces bending modes in the polymer filaments, the properties of which are slaved to the surrounding network structure. Specifically, we investigate the frequency-dependent linear rheology, in particular in combination with crosslink binding-unbinding processes. We also develop schematic extensions to describe the nonlinear response during creep measurements as well as during constant strain-rate ramps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plagge
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Heussinger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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