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Geisel S, Secchi E, Vermant J. The role of surface adhesion on the macroscopic wrinkling of biofilms. eLife 2022; 11:76027. [PMID: 35723588 PMCID: PMC9208754 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, bacterial communities of cells encased by a self-produced matrix, exhibit a variety of three-dimensional structures. Specifically, channel networks formed within the bulk of the biofilm have been identified to play an important role in the colonies' viability by promoting the transport of nutrients and chemicals. Here, we study channel formation and focus on the role of the adhesion of the biofilm matrix to the substrate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown under constant flow in microfluidic channels. We perform phase contrast and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine the development of the biofilm structure as a function of the substrates' surface energy. The formation of the wrinkles and folds is triggered by a mechanical buckling instability, controlled by biofilm growth rate and the film’s adhesion to the substrate. The three-dimensional folding gives rise to hollow channels that rapidly increase the effective volume occupied by the biofilm and facilitate bacterial movement inside them. The experiments and analysis on mechanical instabilities for the relevant case of a bacterial biofilm grown during flow enable us to predict and control the biofilm morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Geisel
- Laboratory for Soft Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Secchi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Vermant
- Laboratory for Soft Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Gunardi WD, Timotius KH, Natasha A, Evriarti PR. Biofilm Targeting Strategy in the Eradication of Burkholderia Infections: A Mini-Review. Open Microbiol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802115010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia are intracellular pathogenic bacteria which can produce biofilm. This biofilm protects the intracellular pathogenic bacteria from antibiotic treatment and the immunological system of the host. Therefore, this review aims to describe the capacity of Burkholderia to form a biofilm, the regulation of its biofilm formation, the efficacy of antibiotics to eradicate biofilm, and the novel therapy which targets its biofilm. Burkholderia's biofilm is characterized by its lipopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides (EPSs), biofilm-associated proteins, and eDNA. Its regulation is made by quorum sensing, c-di-AMP, sRNA, and two component systems. Many antibiotics have been used as sole or mixture agents; however, they are not always effective in eradicating the biofilm-forming Burkholderia. Inhibitors of quorum sensing and other non-conventional antibiotic approaches are promising to discover effective treatment of Burkholderia infections.
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Kheiri S, Liu X, Thompson M. Nanoparticles at biointerfaces: Antibacterial activity and nanotoxicology. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110550. [PMID: 31606698 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of a biomaterial that is resistant to the adhesion and consequential proliferation of bacteria, represents a significant challenge in terms of application of such materials in various aspects of health care. Over recent years a large number of synthetic methods have appeared with the overall goal of the prevention of bacterial adhesion to surfaces. In contrast to these artificial techniques, living organisms over millions of years have developed different systems to prevent the colonization of microorganisms. Recently, these natural approaches, which are based on surface nanotopography, have been mimicked to fabricate a modern antibacterial surface. In this vein, use of nanoparticle (NP) technology has been explored in order to create a suitable antibacterial surface. However, few studies have focused on the toxicity of these techniques and the ecotoxicity of NP materials on mammalian and bacterial cells simultaneously. Researchers have observed that the majority of previous studies have demonstrated some of the extents of the harmful impacts on mammalian cells. Here, we provide a critical review of the NP approach to antibacterial surface treatment, and also summarize the studies of toxic effects caused by metal NPs on bacteria and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kheiri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - Michael Thompson
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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WANG XIAOLING, WANG ZHAOCAN, SHEN XING, KONG YUHAO, ZHAO HUI, YAN XIAOQIANG. STUDYING THE INTERNAL STRESS HETEROGENEITY OF THE GROWING BIOFILM BY THE MICROPILLAR DEFORMATION OF THE GROWING SUBSTRATE. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519419500702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial biofilm is a microbial community in which bacteria are embedded in the extracellular matrix and can also be used as a solid composite. It was found that internal stresses are generated during pellicle growth, which exists between the air and the liquid. But we do not know if there is the internal stress in the biofilm, which exists between the air and the solid, and how does the internal stress evolve and distribute in the growing biofilm. So, in this paper, we make the growing substrate into the micropillar array to grow biofilms, each micropillar has the deformation due to the growing heterogeneity of the biofilm around the micropillar, and we can get the internal stress by measuring each micropillar’s deformation. First, we find that the direction of the internal stress is approximately along the biofilm expansion at the early time, colonies are formed in the biofilm at the later time, which cause the internal stress locally along the expansion of the colony. Second, the internal stress is proportional to the biofilm thickness. Finally, we find that the matrix producing cells contribute more the internal stress, and the internal stress evolving is closely related to the secretion of the extracellular matrix. Form our work, we obtain the distribution of the internal stress direction, we also can use the biofilm thickness, which is easy to measure, express the internal stress approximately, by doing so, we can further study other phenomena of biofilms, such as self-healing and mechanical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- XIAOLING WANG
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 02138 Cambridge MA, USA
| | - ZHAOCAN WANG
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - XING SHEN
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - YUHAO KONG
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - HUI ZHAO
- State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - XIAOQIANG YAN
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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5
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Susarrey-Arce A, Hernández-Sánchez JF, Marcello M, Diaz-Fernandez Y, Oknianska A, Sorzabal-Bellido I, Tiggelaar R, Lohse D, Gardeniers H, Snoeijer J, Marin A, Raval R. Bacterial Footprints in Elastic Pillared Microstructures. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1294-1300. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - José Federico Hernández-Sánchez
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Marcello
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri Diaz-Fernandez
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Alina Oknianska
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD, United Kingdom
| | - Ioritz Sorzabal-Bellido
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Roald Tiggelaar
- NanoLab Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco Snoeijer
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Marin
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Rasmita Raval
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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Towards standardized mechanical characterization of microbial biofilms: analysis and critical review. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:17. [PMID: 30131867 PMCID: PMC6102240 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing reliable anti-biofilm strategies or efficient biofilm-based bioprocesses strongly depends on having a clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying biofilm development, and knowledge of the relevant mechanical parameters describing microbial biofilm behavior. Many varied mechanical testing methods are available to assess these parameters. The mechanical properties thus identified can then be used to compare protocols such as antibiotic screening. However, the lack of standardization in both mechanical testing and the associated identification methods for a given microbiological goal remains a blind spot in the biofilm community. The pursuit of standardization is problematic, as biofilms are living structures, i.e., both complex and dynamic. Here, we review the main available methods for characterizing the mechanical properties of biofilms through the lens of the relationship linking experimental testing to the identification of mechanical parameters. We propose guidelines for characterizing biofilms according to microbiological objectives that will help the reader choose an appropriate test and a relevant identification method for measuring any given mechanical parameter. The use of a common methodology for the mechanical characterization of biofilms will enable reliable analysis and comparison of microbiological protocols needed for improvement of engineering process and screening.
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Even C, Marlière C, Ghigo JM, Allain JM, Marcellan A, Raspaud E. Recent advances in studying single bacteria and biofilm mechanics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:573-588. [PMID: 28754382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms correspond to surface-associated bacterial communities embedded in hydrogel-like matrix, in which high cell density, reduced diffusion and physico-chemical heterogeneity play a protective role and induce novel behaviors. In this review, we present recent advances on the understanding of how bacterial mechanical properties, from single cell to high-cell density community, determine biofilm tri-dimensional growth and eventual dispersion and we attempt to draw a parallel between these properties and the mechanical properties of other well-studied hydrogels and living systems.
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