1
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Reversible capture and release of circulating tumor cells on a three‐dimensional conductive interface to improve cell purity for gene mutation analysis. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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2
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Kappen J, Skorupa M, Krukiewicz K. Conducting Polymers as Versatile Tools for the Electrochemical Detection of Cancer Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:bios13010031. [PMID: 36671866 PMCID: PMC9856009 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cancer biomarkers has recently become an established method for the early diagnosis of cancer. The sensitive analysis of specific biomarkers can also be clinically applied for the determination of response to treatment and monitoring of disease progression. Because of the ultra-low concentration of cancer biomarkers in body fluids, diagnostic tools need to be highly sensitive and specific. Conducting polymers (CPs) are particularly known to exhibit numerous features that enable them to serve as excellent materials for the immobilization of biomolecules and the facilitation of electron transfer. Their large surface area, porosity, and the presence of functional groups provide CPs with binding sites suitable for capturing biomarkers, in addition to their sensitive and easy detection. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive summary of the available electrochemical biosensors based on CPs and their composites for the ultrasensitive detection of selected cancer biomarkers. We have categorized the study based on different types of targeted biomarkers such as DNAs, miRNAs, proteins, enzymes, neurotransmitters and whole cancer cells. The sensitivity of their detection is enhanced by the presence of CPs, providing a limit of detection as low as 0.5 fM (for miRNA) and 10 cells (for the detection of cancer cells). The methods of multiplex biomarker detection and cell capture are indicated as the most promising category, since they furnish more accurate and reliable results. Ultimately, we discuss the available CP-based electrochemical sensors and promising approaches for facilitating cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincymol Kappen
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be University, Dindigul 624 302, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Małgorzata Skorupa
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-237-1773
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3
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Ruggiero A, Criscuolo V, Grasselli S, Bruno U, Ausilio C, Bovio CL, Bettucci O, Santoro F. Two-photon polymerization lithography enabling the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS 3D structures for bioelectronic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9790-9793. [PMID: 35971788 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conductive 3D platforms have gained increasing attention in bioelectronics thanks to the improvement in the cell-chip coupling. PEDOT:PSS is nowadays widely employed in bioelectronic applications thanks to its electrical and mechanical properties. In this work, an innovative fabrication method for the realization of PEDOT:PSS-based conductive micropillars and 3D cage-like structures is presented, combining two-photon lithography and electrodeposition techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Ruggiero
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy. .,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute for Biological Information Processing-Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52428, Germany.
| | - Valeria Criscuolo
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sara Grasselli
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ugo Bruno
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ausilio
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudia Latte Bovio
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ottavia Bettucci
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy. .,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute for Biological Information Processing-Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52428, Germany.
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4
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Ashraf J, Akbarinejad A, Hisey CL, Bryant DT, Wang J, Zhu B, Evans CW, Williams DE, Chamley LW, Barker D, Pilkington LI, Travas-Sejdic J. Conducting Polymer-Coated Carbon Cloth Captures and Releases Extracellular Vesicles by a Rapid and Controlled Redox Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32880-32889. [PMID: 35820023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques offer great opportunities for the capture of chemical and biological entities from complex mixtures and their subsequent release into clean buffers for analysis. Such methods are clean, robust, rapid, and compatible with a wide range of biological fluids. Here, we designed an electrochemically addressable system, based on a conducting terpolymer [P(EDOT-co-EDOTSAc-co-EDOTEG)] coated onto a carbon cloth substrate, to selectively capture and release biological entities using a simple electrochemical redox process. The conducting terpolymer composition was optimized and the terpolymer-coated carbon cloth was extensively characterized using electrochemical analysis, Raman and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The conductive terpolymer possesses a derivative of EDOT with an acetylthiomethyl moiety (EDOTSAc), which is converted into a "free" thiol that then undergoes reversible oxidation/reduction cycles at +1.0 V and -0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl), respectively. That redox process enables electrochemical capture and on-demand release. We first demonstrated the successful electrochemical capture/release of a fluorescently labeled IgG antibody. The same capture/release procedure was then applied to release extracellular vesicles (EVs), originating from both MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cell line bioreactors. EVs were captured using the substrate-conjugated HER2 antibody which was purified from commercially available trastuzumab. Capture and release of breast cancer EVs using a trastuzumab-derived HER2 antibody has not been reported before (to the best of our knowledge). A rapid (2 min) release at a low potential (-0.8 V) achieved a high release efficiency (>70%) of the captured, HER2+ve, SKBR3 EVs. The developed system and the electrochemical method are efficient and straightforward and have vast potential for the isolation and concentration of various biological targets from large volumes of biological and other (e.g., environmental) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesna Ashraf
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Akbarinejad
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Colin L Hisey
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicles Investigations (HEVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Devon T Bryant
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Julie Wang
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicles Investigations (HEVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Bicheng Zhu
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Clive W Evans
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David E Williams
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicles Investigations (HEVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I Pilkington
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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5
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Zhao G, Zhou H, Jin G, Jin B, Geng S, Luo Z, Ge Z, Xu F. Rational Design of Electrically Conductive Biomaterials toward Excitable Tissues Regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Mahdavi SS, Abdekhodaie MJ. Engineered conducting polymer-based scaffolds for cell release and capture. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2060219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sharareh Mahdavi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad J. Abdekhodaie
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Hu P, Rooholghodos SA, Pham LH, Ly KL, Luo X. Interfacial Electrofabrication of Freestanding Biopolymer Membranes with Distal Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11034-11043. [PMID: 32885979 PMCID: PMC8375314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using electrical signals to guide materials' deposition has a long-standing history in metal coating, microchip fabrication, and the integration of organics with devices. In electrodeposition, however, the conductive materials can be deposited only onto the electrode surfaces. Here, an innovative process is presented to electrofabricate freestanding biopolymer membranes at the interface of electrolytes without any supporting electrodes at the fabrication site. Chitosan, a derivative from the naturally abundant biopolymer chitin, has been broadly explored in electrodeposition for integrating biological entities onto microfabricated devices. It is widely believed that the pH gradients generated at the cathode deprotonate the positively charged chitosan chains into a film on the cathode surface. The interfacial electrofabrication with pH indicators, however, demonstrated that the membrane growth was driven by the instantaneous flow of hydroxyl ions from the ambient alginate solution, rather than the slow propagation of pH gradients from the cathode surface. This interfacial electrofabrication produces freestanding membrane structures and can be expanded to other materials, which presents a new direction in using electrical signals for manufacturing.
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8
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Cheng J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Zhang L, Mao H, Huang C. Nanotechnology-Assisted Isolation and Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells on Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E774. [PMID: 32823926 PMCID: PMC7465711 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a type of cancer cell that spreads from primary tumors into human peripheral blood and are considered as a new biomarker of cancer liquid biopsy. It provides the direction for understanding the biology of cancer metastasis and progression. Isolation and analysis of CTCs offer the possibility for early cancer detection and dynamic prognosis monitoring. The extremely low quantity and high heterogeneity of CTCs are the major challenges for the application of CTCs in liquid biopsy. There have been significant research endeavors to develop efficient and reliable approaches to CTC isolation and analysis in the past few decades. With the advancement of microfabrication and nanomaterials, a variety of approaches have now emerged for CTC isolation and analysis on microfluidic platforms combined with nanotechnology. These new approaches show advantages in terms of cell capture efficiency, purity, detection sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on recent progress in the field of nanotechnology-assisted microfluidics for CTC isolation and detection. Firstly, CTC isolation approaches using nanomaterial-based microfluidic devices are summarized and discussed. The different strategies for CTC release from the devices are specifically outlined. In addition, existing nanotechnology-assisted methods for CTC downstream analysis are summarized. Some perspectives are discussed on the challenges of current methods for CTC studies and promising research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China;
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Haiyang Mao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Anti- Escherichia coli Functionalized Silver-Doped Carbon Nanofibers for Capture of E. coli in Microfluidic Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051117. [PMID: 32414196 PMCID: PMC7285302 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-doped carbon nanofibers (SDCNF) are used as the base material for the selective capture of Escherichia coli in microfluidic systems. Fibers were spun in a glovebox with dry atmosphere maintained by forced dry air pumped through the closed environment. This affected the evaporation rate of the solvent during the electrospinning process and the distribution of silver particles within the fiber. Antibodies are immobilized on the surface of the silver-doped polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon nanofibers via a three-step process. The negatively charged silver particles present on the surface of the nanofibers provide suitable sites for positively charged biotinylated poly-(L)-lysine-graft-poly-ethylene-glycol (PLL-g-PEG biotin) conjugate attachment. Streptavidin and a biotinylated anti-E. coli antibody were then added to create anti-E. coli surface functionalized (AESF) nanofibers. Functionalized fibers were able to immobilize up to 130 times the amount of E. coli on the fiber surface compared to neat silver doped fibers. Confocal images show E. coli remains immobilized on fiber mat surface after extensive rinsing showing the bacteria is not simply a result of non-specific binding. To demonstrate selectivity and functionalization with both gram negative and gram-positive antibodies, anti-Staphylococcus aureus surface functionalized (ASSF) nanofibers were also prepared. Experiments with AESF performed with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and ASSF with E. coli show negligible binding to the fiber surface showing the selectivity of the functionalized membranes. This surface functionalization can be done with a variety of antibodies for tunable selective pathogen capture.
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10
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Dhawan U, Wang WL, Gautam B, Aerathupalathu Janardhanan J, Hsiao PC, Tu HL, Yu HH. Mechanotactic Activation of TGF-β by PEDOT Artificial Microenvironments Triggers Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900165. [PMID: 32293138 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is integral for cells to acquire metastatic properties, and ample evidence links it to bioorganic framework of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hydroxymethyl-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polymer (PEDOT-OH) enables construction of diverse nanotopography size and morphologies and is therefore exploited to engineer organic artificial microenvironments bearing nanodots from 300 to 1000 nm in diameter to understand spatiotemporal EMT regulation by biophysical components of the TME. MCF-7 breast cancer cells are cultured on these artificial microenvironments, and temporal regulation of cellular morphology and EMT markers is investigated. The results show that upon physical stimulation, cells on 300 nm artificial microenvironments advance to EMT and display a decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretion. In contrast, cells on 500 nm artificial microenvironments are trapped in EMT-imbalance. Interestingly, cells on 1000 nm artificial microenvironments resemble those on control surfaces. Upon further investigation, it is found that EMT induction is triggered via transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and ECM cleaving protein, matrix metalloproteinease-9. Immunostaining EMT proteins highlighted that EMT induction is achieved through attenuation of cell-cell and cell-microenvironment adhesions. The physical stimulation-induced TGF-β perturbation can have a profound impact on the understanding of tumor-promoting signaling cascades originated by cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udesh Dhawan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bhaskarchand Gautam
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwan International graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300, ROC
| | - Jayakrishnan Aerathupalathu Janardhanan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwan International graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300, ROC
| | - Po-Chiang Hsiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiung-Lin Tu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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11
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Sappia LD, Piccinini E, von Binderling C, Knoll W, Marmisollé W, Azzaroni O. PEDOT-polyamine composite films for bioelectrochemical platforms - flexible and easy to derivatize. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Dong J, Chen JF, Smalley M, Zhao M, Ke Z, Zhu Y, Tseng HR. Nanostructured Substrates for Detection and Characterization of Circulating Rare Cells: From Materials Research to Clinical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903663. [PMID: 31566837 PMCID: PMC6946854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating rare cells in the blood are of great significance for both materials research and clinical applications. For example, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated as useful biomarkers for "liquid biopsy" of the tumor. Circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs) have shown potential in noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. However, it is technically challenging to detect and isolate circulating rare cells due to their extremely low abundance compared to hematologic cells. Nanostructured substrates offer a unique solution to address these challenges by providing local topographic interactions to strengthen cell adhesion and large surface areas for grafting capture agents, resulting in improved cell capture efficiency, purity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In addition, rare-cell retrieval strategies, including stimulus-responsiveness and additive reagent-triggered release on different nanostructured substrates, allow for on-demand retrieval of the captured CTCs/CFNCs with high cell viability and molecular integrity. Several nanostructured substrate-enabled CTC/CFNC assays are observed maturing from enumeration and subclassification to molecular analyses. These can one day become powerful tools in disease diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and dynamic monitoring of therapeutic response-paving the way for personalized medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Dong
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Smalley
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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13
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Chen H. Capturing and Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumor Cells with Wave Microfluidic Chip. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1470-1483. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Yen SC, Liu ZW, Juang RS, Sahoo S, Huang CH, Chen P, Hsiao YS, Fang JT. Carbon Nanotube/Conducting Polymer Hybrid Nanofibers as Novel Organic Bioelectronic Interfaces for Efficient Removal of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43843-43856. [PMID: 31663727 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) can cause noxious effects in patients suffering from renal failure as a result of inhibiting the transport of proteins and inducing their structural modification. They are difficult to remove through standard hemodialysis (HD) treatment. Herein, we report an organic bioelectronic HD device system for the effective removal of PBUTs through electrically triggered dissociation of protein-toxin complexes. To prepare this system, we employed electrospinning to fabricate electrically conductive quaternary composite nanofiber mats-comprising multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS)-on conventional polyethersulfone (PES) dialysis membranes. These composite nanofiber platforms exhibited (i) long-term water resistance (due to cross-linking among PSS, PEO, and GOPS), (ii) high adhesion strength on the PES membrane (due to GOPS functioning as an adhesion promoter), (iii) enhanced electrical properties [due to the MWCNTs and PEDOT:PSS promoting effective electrical stimulation (ES) operation in devices containing bioelectronic interfaces (BEI)], and (iv) good anticoagulant ability and negligible hemolysis of red blood cells. We employed this organic BEI electronic system as a novel single-membrane HD device to study the removal efficiency of four kinds of uremic toxins [p-cresol (PC), indoxyl sulfate, and hippuric acid as PBUTs; creatinine as a non-PBUT] as well as the effects of ES on lowering the protein binding ratio. Our organic BEI devices provided a high rate of removal of PC with low protein loss after 4 h of a simulated dialysis process. It also functioned with low complement activation, low contact activation levels, and lower amounts of platelet adsorption, suggesting great suitability for use in developing next-generation bioelectronic medicines for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Yen
- Department of Materials Engineering , Ming Chi University of Technology , Taishan, New Taipei City 24301 , Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Wei Liu
- Department of Materials Engineering , Ming Chi University of Technology , Taishan, New Taipei City 24301 , Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Shin Juang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , Chang Gung University , Guishan , Taoyuan 33302 , Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Linkou 333 , Taiwan
| | - Sravani Sahoo
- Department of Materials Engineering , Ming Chi University of Technology , Taishan, New Taipei City 24301 , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering , Ming Chi University of Technology , Taishan, New Taipei City 24301 , Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Engineering , Ming Chi University of Technology , Taishan, New Taipei City 24301 , Taiwan
| | - Ji-Tseng Fang
- Department of Nephrology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan
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Zips S, Grob L, Rinklin P, Terkan K, Adly NY, Weiß LJK, Mayer D, Wolfrum B. Fully Printed μ-Needle Electrode Array from Conductive Polymer Ink for Bioelectronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32778-32786. [PMID: 31424902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used platforms in bioelectronics to study electrogenic cells. In recent years, the processing of conductive polymers for the fabrication of three-dimensional electrode arrays has gained increasing interest for the development of novel sensor designs. Here, additive manufacturing techniques are promising tools for the production of MEAs with three-dimensional electrodes. In this work, a facile additive manufacturing process for the fabrication of MEAs that feature needle-like electrode tips, so-called μ-needles, is presented. To this end, an aerosol-jet compatible PEDOT:PSS and multiwalled carbon nanotube composite ink with a conductivity of 323 ± 75 S m-1 is developed and used in a combined inkjet and aerosol-jet printing process to produce the μ-needle electrode features. The μ-needles are fabricated with a diameter of 10 ± 2 μm and a height of 33 ± 4 μm. They penetrate an inkjet-printed dielectric layer to a height of 12 ± 3 μm. After successful printing, the electrochemical properties of the devices are assessed via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The μ-needles show a capacitance of 242 ± 70 nF at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1 and an impedance of 128 ± 22 kΩ at 1 kHz frequency. The stability of the μ-needle MEAs in aqueous electrolyte is demonstrated and the devices are used to record extracellular signals from cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells. This proof-of-principle experiment shows the μ-needle MEAs' cell-culture compatibility and functional integrity to investigate electrophysiological signals from living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Zips
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Leroy Grob
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Korkut Terkan
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Nouran Yehia Adly
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Lennart Jakob Konstantin Weiß
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics - Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstrasse 11 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52425 Jülich , Germany
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16
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Yu CC, Chen YW, Yeh PY, Hsiao YS, Lin WT, Kuo CW, Chueh DY, You YW, Shyue JJ, Chang YC, Chen P. Random and aligned electrospun PLGA nanofibers embedded in microfluidic chips for cancer cell isolation and integration with air foam technology for cell release. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:31. [PMID: 30782169 PMCID: PMC6379968 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) comprise the high metastatic potential population of cancer cells in the blood circulation of humans; they have become the established biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, individualized cancer therapy, and cancer development. Technologies for the isolation and recovery of CTCs can be powerful cancer diagnostic tools for liquid biopsies, allowing the identification of malignancies and guiding cancer treatments for precision medicine. METHODS We have used an electrospinning process to prepare poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibrous arrays in random or aligned orientations on glass slips. We then fabricated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based microfluidic chips embedding the PLGA nanofiber arrays and modified their surfaces through sequential coating with using biotin-(PEG)7-amine through EDC/NHS activation, streptavidin (SA), and biotinylated epithelial-cell adhesion-molecule antibody (biotin-anti-EpCAM) to achieve highly efficient CTC capture. When combined with an air foam technology that induced a high shear stress and, thereby, nondestructive release of the captured cells from the PLGA surfaces, the proposed device system operated with a high cell recovery rate. RESULTS The morphologies and average diameters of the electrospun PLGA nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal Raman imaging. The surface chemistry of the PLGA nanofibers conjugated with the biotin-(PEG)7-amine was confirmed through time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging. The chip system was studied for the effects of the surface modification density of biotin-(PEG)7-amine, the flow rates, and the diameters of the PLGA nanofibers on the capture efficiency of EpCAM-positive HCT116 cells from the spiked liquid samples. To assess their CTC capture efficiencies in whole blood samples, the aligned and random PLGA nanofiber arrays were tested for their abilities to capture HCT116 cells, providing cancer cell capture efficiencies of 66 and 80%, respectively. With the continuous injection of air foam into the microfluidic devices, the cell release efficiency on the aligned PLGA fibers was 74% (recovery rate: 49%), while it was 90% (recovery rate: 73%) on the random PLGA fibers, from tests of 200 spiked cells in 2 mL of whole blood from healthy individuals. Our study suggests that integrated PMMA microfluidic chips embedding random PLGA nanofiber arrays may be suitable devices for the efficient capture and recovery of CTCs from whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ying Yeh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Di-Yen Chueh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen You
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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17
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Kuo CW, Chueh DY, Chen P. Real-time in vivo imaging of subpopulations of circulating tumor cells using antibody conjugated quantum dots. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:26. [PMID: 30728024 PMCID: PMC6364392 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is very important for cancer diagnosis. CTCs can travel from primary tumors through the circulation to form secondary tumor colonies via bloodstream extravasation. The number of CTCs has been used as an indicator of cancer progress. However, the population of CTCs is very heterogeneous. It is very challenging to identify CTC subpopulations such as cancer stem cells (CSCs) with high metastatic potential, which are very important for cancer diagnostic management. RESULTS We report a study of real-time CTC and CSC imaging in the bloodstreams of living animals using multi-photon microscopy and antibody conjugated quantum dots. We have developed a cancer model for noninvasive imaging wherein pancreatic cancer cells expressing fluorescent proteins were subcutaneously injected into the earlobes of mice and then formed solid tumors. When the cancer cells broke away from the solid tumor, CTCs with fluorescent proteins in the bloodstream at different stages of development could be monitored noninvasively in real time. The number of CTCs observed in the blood vessels could be correlated to the tumor size in the first month and reached a maximum value of approximately 100 CTCs/min after 5 weeks of tumor inoculation. To observe CTC subpopulations, conjugated quantum dots were used. It was found that cluster of differentiation (CD)24+ CTCs can move along the blood vessel walls and migrate to peripheral tissues. CD24+ cell accumulation on the solid tumors' sides was observed, which may provide valuable insight for designing new drugs to target cancer subpopulations with high metastatic potential. We also demonstrated that our system is capable of imaging a minor population of cancer stem cells, CD133+ CTCs, which are found in 0.7% of pancreatic cancer cells and 1%-3% of solid tumors in patients. CONCLUSIONS With the help of quantum dots, CTCs with higher metastatic potential, such as CD24+ and CD133+ CTCs, have been identified in living animals. Using our approach, it may be possible to investigate detailed metastatic mechanism such as tumor cell extravasation to the blood vessels. In addition, the number of observed CTCs in the blood stream could be correlated with tumor stage in the early stage of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung Wen Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Di-Yen Chueh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Chen H, Zhang Z. An Inertia-Deformability Hybrid Circulating Tumor Cell Chip: Design, Clinical Test, and Numerical Analysis. J Med Device 2018. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4040986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with microfluidic chips hold significance in cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and anti-cancer treatment. The counting of CTCs provides potential tools to evaluate cancer stages as well as treatment progress. However, facing the challenge of rareness in blood, the precise enumeration of CTCs is challenging. In the present research, we designed an inertial-deformability hybrid microfluidic chip using a long spiral channel with trapezoid-circular pillars and a capture zone. To clinically validate the device, the microfluidic chip has been tested for the whole blood and lysed blood with a small number of CTCs (colorectal and nonsmall-cell lung cancer) spiked in. The capture efficiency reaches over 90% for three types of cancer cell lines at the flow rate of 1.5 mL/h. Following numerical modeling was conducted to explain the working principle and working condition (Reynolds number below 10 and Dean number around 1). This design extended the effective capture length, improved the capture efficiency, and made the CTC enumeration much easier. We believe that this hybrid chip is promising clinically in the CTCs enumeration, evaluation of cancer therapy, and pharmacological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
- Division of Nanobionic Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Mem. ASME Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802 e-mails:
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19
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Controlling the Interfacial Chemical and Physical Properties for Stem Cell Culture. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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20
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Zhang P, Aydemir N, Alkaisi M, Williams DE, Travas-Sejdic J. Direct Writing and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Conducting Polymer PEDOT Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11888-11895. [PMID: 29570263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct writing is an effective and versatile technique for three-dimensional (3D) fabrication of conducting polymer (CP) structures. It is precisely localized and highly controllable, thus providing great opportunities for incorporating CPs into microelectronic array devices. Herein we demonstrate 3D writing and characterization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) pillars in an array format, by using an in-house-constructed variant of scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). CP pillars with different aspect ratios were successfully fabricated by optimizing the writing parameters: pulling speed, pulling time, concentration of the polymer solution, and the micropipette tip diameter. Especially, super high aspect ratio pillars of around 7 μm in diameter and 5000 μm in height were fabricated, indicating a good capability of this direct writing technique. Additions of an organic solvent and a cross-linking agent contribute to a significantly enhanced water stability of the pillars, critical if the arrays were to be used in biologically relevant applications. Surface morphologies and structural analysis of CP pillars were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Electrochemical properties of the individual pillars of different heights were examined by cyclic voltammetry using a double-barrel micropipette as an electrochemical cell. Exceptional mechanical properties of the pillars, such as high flexibility and robustness, were observed when bent by applying a force. The 3D pillar arrays are expected to provide versatile substrates for functionalized and integrated biological sensing and electrically addressable array devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikai Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| | - Maan Alkaisi
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Canterbury , Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - David E Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
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21
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Shen MY, Chen JF, Luo CH, Lee S, Li CH, Yang YL, Tsai YH, Ho BC, Bao LR, Lee TJ, Jan YJ, Zhu YZ, Cheng S, Feng FY, Chen P, Hou S, Agopian V, Hsiao YS, Tseng HR, Posadas EM, Yu HH. Glycan Stimulation Enables Purification of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells on PEDOT NanoVelcro Chips for RNA Biomarker Detection. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201700701. [PMID: 28892262 PMCID: PMC5803304 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A glycan-stimulated and poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)s (PEDOT)-based nanomaterial platform is fabricated to purify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This new platform, phenylboronic acid (PBA)-grafted PEDOT NanoVelcro, combines the 3D PEDOT nanosubstrate, which greatly enhances CTC capturing efficiency, with a poly(EDOT-PBA-co-EDOT-EG3) interfacial layer, which not only provides high specificity for CTC capture upon antibody conjugation but also enables competitive binding of sorbitol to gently release the captured cells. CTCs purified by this PEDOT NanoVelcro chip provide well-preserved RNA transcripts for the analysis of the expression level of several PCa-specific RNA biomarkers, which may provide clinical insights into the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Yuan Shen
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Luo
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Li
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ling Yang
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Tsai
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Ho
- Department of Material Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Rong Bao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Tien-Jung Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Yu Jen Jan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Ya-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Shirley Cheng
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Urology, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shuang Hou
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vatche Agopian
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Material Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Smart Organic Material Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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22
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Jan YJ, Chen JF, Zhu Y, Lu YT, Chen SH, Chung H, Smalley M, Huang YW, Dong J, Chen LC, Yu HH, Tomlinson JS, Hou S, Agopian VG, Posadas EM, Tseng HR. NanoVelcro rare-cell assays for detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:78-93. [PMID: 29551650 PMCID: PMC5993593 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells shredded from either a primary tumor or a metastatic site and circulate in the blood as the potential cellular origin of metastasis. By detecting and analyzing CTCs, we will be able to noninvasively monitor disease progression in individual cancer patients and obtain insightful information for assessing disease status, thus realizing the concept of "tumor liquid biopsy". However, it is technically challenging to identify CTCs in patient blood samples because of the extremely low abundance of CTCs among a large number of hematologic cells. In order to address this challenge, our research team at UCLA pioneered a unique concept of "NanoVelcro" cell-affinity substrates, in which CTC capture agent-coated nanostructured substrates were utilized to immobilize CTCs with remarkable efficiency. Four generations of NanoVelcro CTC assays have been developed over the past decade for a variety of clinical utilities. The 1st-gen NanoVelcro Chips, composed of a silicon nanowire substrate (SiNS) and an overlaid microfluidic chaotic mixer, were created for CTC enumeration. The 2nd-gen NanoVelcro Chips (i.e., NanoVelcro-LMD), based on polymer nanosubstrates, were developed for single-CTC isolation in conjunction with the use of the laser microdissection (LMD) technique. By grafting thermoresponsive polymer brushes onto SiNS, the 3rd-gen Thermoresponsive NanoVelcro Chips have demonstrated the capture and release of CTCs at 37 and 4 °C respectively, thereby allowing for rapid CTC purification while maintaining cell viability and molecular integrity. Fabricated with boronic acid-grafted conducting polymer-based nanomaterial on chip surface, the 4th-gen NanoVelcro Chips (Sweet chip) were able to purify CTCs with well-preserved RNA transcripts, which could be used for downstream analysis of several cancer specific RNA biomarkers. In this review article, we will summarize the development of the four generations of NanoVelcro CTC assays, and the clinical applications of each generation of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jen Jan
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Tsung Lu
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Szu Hao Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard Chung
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Smalley
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; CytoLumina Technologies Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Wen Huang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; CytoLumina Technologies Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiantong Dong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James S Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Pancreatic Disease, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Greater Los Angeles Veteran's Affairs Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vatche G Agopian
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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23
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Yu CC, Ho BC, Juang RS, Hsiao YS, Naidu RVR, Kuo CW, You YW, Shyue JJ, Fang JT, Chen P. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Nanofiber Mats as an Organic Bioelectronic Platform for Programming Multiple Capture/Release Cycles of Circulating Tumor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30329-30342. [PMID: 28825302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, we employed a novel one-step electrospinning process to fabricate poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) core/shell nanofiber structures with improved water resistance and good electrochemical properties and characterized them using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. We then integrated a biotinylated poly-(l-lysine-graft-ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG-biotin) coating with three-dimensional (3D) PEDOT-based nanofiber devices for dynamic control over the capture/release performance of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) on-chip. The detailed capture/release behavior of the circulating tumor cells was studied using an organic bioelectronic platform comprising PEO/PEDOT:PSS nanofiber mats with 3 wt % (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane as an additive. We have demonstrated that these nanofiber mats deposited on five-patterned indium tin oxide finger electrodes are excellent candidates for use as functional bioelectronic interfaces for the isolation, detection, sequential collection, and enrichment of rare CTCs through electrical activation of each single electrode. This combination behaved as an ideal model system displaying a high cell-capture yield for antibody-positive cells while resisting the adhesion of antibody-negative cells. Taking advantage of the electrochemical doping/dedoping characteristics of PEDOT:PSS materials, the captured rare cells could be electrically triggered release through the desorption phenomena of PLL-g-PEG-biotin on device surface. More than 90% of the targeted cancer cells were captured on the 3D PEDOT-based nanofiber microfluidic device; over 87% of captured cancer cells were subsequently released for collection; approximately 80% of spiked cancer cells could be collected in a 96-well plate. Therefore, this 3D PEDOT-based nanofiber approach appears to be an economical route for the large-scale preparation of systems for enhancing the downstream characterization of rare CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology , Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Ho
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology , Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Shin Juang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University , Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology , Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - R Venkata Ram Naidu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen You
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Tseng Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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24
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Wang Z, Sun N, Liu M, Cao Y, Wang K, Wang J, Pei R. Multifunctional Nanofibers for Specific Purification and Release of CTCs. ACS Sens 2017; 2:547-552. [PMID: 28723179 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recovering pure and viable circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood has been a challenging task for molecular characterization and functional analysis, which has attracted wide attention these days. Herein, we fabricate a thermoresponsive chitosan nanofiber substrate to effectively capture, purify, and release the target cancer cells, assisted by PNIPAAm brushes and DNA hybridization. The PNIPAAm brushes are designed to enable WBCs to detach from aptamer-PNIPAAm-chitosan-nanofiber (aptamer-P-CNFs) surfaces during the conformational transition. Meanwhile these specific captured CTCs are retained at a high purity. Moreover, effective and intact release of CTCs from the substrates without any foreign agents is realized by complementary sequences efficiently hybridizing with aptamers, and the specific cell release makes CTCs further purified. The present work provides a new strategy in the design of biointerface for recovering target CTCs from whole blood samples with high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School
of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Na Sun
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Min Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yi Cao
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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25
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Chen PJ, Liu RZ, Hsiao YS. Self-assembled coronene nanofiber arrays: toward integrated organic bioelectronics for efficient isolation, detection, and recovery of cancer cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated coronene-based nanofiber array devices for circulating tumor cell isolation, detection, and recovery through electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jung Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City 243
- Taiwan
| | - Rou-Zhen Liu
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City 243
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City 243
- Taiwan
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26
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Yan S, Zhang X, Dai X, Feng X, Du W, Liu BF. Rhipsalis (Cactaceae)-like Hierarchical Structure Based Microfluidic Chip for Highly Efficient Isolation of Rare Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33457-33463. [PMID: 27960420 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The circulating tumor cells (CTCs), originating from the primary tumor, play a vital role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, disease monitoring, and precise therapy. However, the CTCs are extremely rare in the peripheral bloodstream and hard to be isolated. To overcome current limitations associated with CTC capture and analysis, the strategy incorporating nanostructures with microfluidic devices receives wide attention. Here, we demonstrated a three-dimensional microfluidic device (Rm-chip) for capturing cancer cells with high efficiency by integrating a novel hierarchical structure, the "Rhipsalis (Cactaceae)"-like micropillar array, into the Rm-chip. The PDMS micropillar array was fabricated by soft-lithography and rapid prototyping method, which was then conformally plated with a thin gold layer through electroless plating. EpCAM antibody was modified onto the surface of the micropillars through the thiol-oligonucleotide linkers in order to release captured cancer cells by DNase I treatment. The antibody-functionalized device achieved an average capture efficiency of 88% in PBS and 83.7% in whole blood samples. We believe the Rm-chip provided a convenient, economical, and versatile approach for cell analysis with wide potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqian Yan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaofang Dai
- Cancer Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Ge S, Yu J. Chemical and biochemical analysis on lab-on-a-chip devices fabricated using three-dimensional printing. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Adamson K, Spain E, Prendergast U, Moran N, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. Peptide-Mediated Platelet Capture at Gold Micropore Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32189-32201. [PMID: 27933817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ordered spherical cap gold cavity arrays with 5.4, 1.6, and 0.98 μm diameter apertures were explored as capture surfaces for human blood platelets to investigate the impact of surface geometry and chemical modification on platelet capture efficiency and their potential as platforms for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of single platelets. The substrates were chemically modified with single-constituent self-assembled monolayers (SAM) or mixed SAMs comprised of thiol-functionalized arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD, a platelet integrin target) with or without 1-octanethiol (adhesion inhibitor). As expected, platelet adhesion was promoted and inhibited at RGD and alkanethiol modified surfaces, respectively. Platelet adhesion was reversible, and binding efficiency at the peptide modified substrates correlated inversely with pore diameter. Captured platelets underwent morphological change on capture, the extent of which depended on the topology of the underlying substrate. Regioselective capture of the platelets enabled study for the first time of the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of single blood platelets, yielding high quality Raman spectroscopy of individual platelets at 1.6 μm diameter pore arrays. Given the medical importance of blood platelets across a range of diseases from cancer to psychiatric illness, such approaches to platelet capture may provide a useful route to Raman spectroscopy for platelet related diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Adamson
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine Spain
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Una Prendergast
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moran
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert J Forster
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
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29
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Sun N, Liu M, Wang J, Wang Z, Li X, Jiang B, Pei R. Chitosan Nanofibers for Specific Capture and Nondestructive Release of CTCs Assisted by pCBMA Brushes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5090-5097. [PMID: 27445096 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant progress has been made to develop sensitive devices for the capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood of cancer patients. However, simple capture and counting of CTCs cannot provide effective information for understanding the biology of them. In this work, a functional biointerface is fabricated for specific capture and nondestructive release of CTCs from blood samples. A nanostrucure of porous network based on chitosan nanofibers is fabricated by electrospinning, to mimic the function of extracellular matrices, and then the poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCBMA) brushes integrating onto nanofiber interface provide the effect of interfacial properties to control nonspecific cell adhesion and the multivalent immobilization of aptamers to induce high efficient and specific CTC capture. Furthermore, a complementary sequence is used to efficiently hybridize with the aptamer to achieve nondestructive release of the captured target cells, assisted by the flexible space provided by pCBMA brushes. This work also shows how nanostructure and the interface molecules regulate the morphology of the captured CTCs, and reveals the importance of the controllable cell morphology on biointerface for an effective nondestructive release of the captured CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jine Wang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhili Wang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinpan Li
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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30
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Hsiao YS, Liao YH, Chen HL, Chen P, Chen FC. Organic Photovoltaics and Bioelectrodes Providing Electrical Stimulation for PC12 Cell Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:9275-9284. [PMID: 26999636 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current bioelectronic medicines for neurological therapies generally involve treatment with a bioelectronic system comprising a power supply unit and a bioelectrode device. Further integration of wireless and self-powered units is of practical importance for implantable bioelectronics. In this study, we developed biocompatible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for serving as wireless electrical power supply units that can be operated under illumination with near-infrared (NIR) light, and organic bioelectronic interface (OBEI) electrode devices as neural stimulation electrodes. The OPV/OBEI integrated system is capable to provide electrical stimulation (ES) as a means of enhancing neuron-like PC12 cell differentiation and neurite outgrowth. For the OPV design, we prepared devices incorporating two photoactive material systems--β-carotene/N,N'-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (β-carotene/PTCDI-C8) and poly(3-hexylthiophene)/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM)--that exhibited open circuit voltages of 0.11 and 0.49 V, respectively, under NIR light LED (NLED) illumination. Then, we connected OBEI devices with different electrode gaps, incorporating biocompatible poly(hydroxymethylated-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), to OPVs to precisely tailor the direct current electric field conditions during the culturing of PC12 cells. This NIR light-driven OPV/OBEI system could be engineered to provide tunable control over the electric field (from 220 to 980 mV mm(-1)) to promote 64% enhancement in the neurite length, direct the neurite orientation on chips, or both. The OPV/OBEI integrated systems under NIR illumination appear to function as effective power delivery platforms that should meet the requirements for wirelessly offering medical ES to a portion of the nervous system; they might also be a key technology for the development of next-generation implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology , 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City 243 Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hao Liao
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Huan-Lin Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology , 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City 243 Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chung Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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31
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Na W, Park JW, An JH, Jang J. Size-controllable ultrathin carboxylated polypyrrole nanotube transducer for extremely sensitive 17β-estradiol FET-type biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5025-5034. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Size-controllable aptamer conjugated ultrathin carboxylated polypyrrole nanotubes (A-UCPPyNTs) were successfully fabricated as transducers in 17β-estradiol field-effect transistor (FET)-type biosensors which has extremely high sensitivity (∼1 fM) and unique selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjoo Na
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
| | - Jin Wook Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
| | - Ji Hyun An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
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32
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