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Charoensumran P, Rauytanapanit M, Sricharoen N, Smith BL, Wongravee K, Maher S, Praneenararat T. Rapid geographical indication of peppercorn seeds using corona discharge mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16089. [PMID: 34373549 PMCID: PMC8352875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing demands for more rapid and practical analyses, various techniques of ambient ionization mass spectrometry have gained significant interest due to the speed of analysis and abundance of information provided. Herein, an ambient ionization technique that utilizes corona discharge was applied, for the first time, to analyze and categorize whole seeds of black and white peppers from different origins. This setup requires no solvent application nor gas flow, thus resulting in a very simple and rapid analysis that can be applied directly to the sample without any prior workup or preparation. Combined with robust data pre-processing and subsequent chemometric analyses, this analytical method was capable of indicating the geographical origin of each pepper source with up to 98% accuracies in all sub-studies. The simplicity and speed of this approach open up the exciting opportunity for onsite analysis without the need for a highly trained operator. Furthermore, this methodology can be applied to a variety of spices and herbs, whose geographical indication or similar intellectual properties are economically important, hence it is capable of creating tremendous impact in the food and agricultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyarad Charoensumran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Monrawat Rauytanapanit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nontawat Sricharoen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Barry L Smith
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Kanet Wongravee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Sensor Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Simon Maher
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Thanit Praneenararat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Nunome Y, Kodama K, Wagatsuma K. Glow Discharge Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Direct Detection of Oxygenated Organic Compounds in the Gas-phase. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:269-273. [PMID: 31611472 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a direct analysis of oxygenated organic compounds, such as ketones, esters and ethers, rapidly and easily using a soft plasma ionization (SPI) source combined with a Q-mass spectrometer. A related molecular ion, [2M+H]+, in which a sample molecule (M) can undergo protonation via water clusters, such as [(H2O)n+H]+ and [N2(H2O)n+H]+, in an ambient air glow discharge plasma, can be dominantly detected as a base peak with little or no fragmentation at a pressure of several kPa. Oxygenated organic compounds with high proton affinity were found to generate their dimers through the hydrogen bonding interaction at higher pressures. A deuterated solvent was used to examine whether or not the adduct ion of analyte was derived from the solvent. The formation of [2M+H]+ strongly depended on the time. A two-dimensional spectrometer was used to obtain the distribution of several excited species and then to confirm the ionization reactions of the analyte in the SPI source. The sample molecule would be readily ionized through Penning-type collisions with excited N2, which causes fragmentation for oxygenated compounds due to the lower pressures (approx. 1.0 kPa) while it is ionized by an attachment with protons from water clusters at higher pressures (several kPa). The SPI source can be a new and powerful tool for soft ionization in direct analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nunome
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University
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Mullen M, Giordano BC. Combined secondary electrospray and corona discharge ionization (SECDI) for improved detection of explosive vapors using drift tube ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 209:120544. [PMID: 31892090 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Secondary electrospray corona discharge ionization (SECDI) combines the principles of secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) and corona discharge (CD) to achieve higher sensitivity, which is demonstrated through the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) vapors using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Using SECDI, enhancements in the IMS signal for TNT and 2,6-DNT vapors at trace concentrations are as much as 2-26 times that observed with CD or SESI alone. The enhancement in sensitivity is hypothesized to result from an increase in ionization efficiency driven by a higher number of reactant ions associated with SECDI compared to either technique individually. The ability of SECDI to achieve higher sensitivity without the aid of dopant molecules demonstrates its merit as an alternative ionization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mullen
- NRC Post-Doctoral Fellow, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA
| | - Braden C Giordano
- Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA.
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4
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Direct analysis of saturated hydrocarbons using glow discharge plasma ionization source for mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 204:310-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sekimoto K, Sakakura M, Hike H, Kawamukai T, Shiota T, Takayama M. Atmospheric Pressure Dark-Current Argon Discharge Ionization with Comparable Performance to Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 8:A0075. [PMID: 31840015 PMCID: PMC6861550 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a dark-current discharge state created by combining argon flow with a needle electrode in ambient air is described that has an ionization efficiency and mechanism comparable to those of conventional helium direct analysis in real time (DART), without requiring dopants and DART glow discharge. Using this method, polar compounds such as α-amino acids were ionized in the dark-current argon discharge via (de)protonation, molecular anion formation, fragmentation, (de)protonation with the attachment of oxygen, deprotonation with hydrogen loss and negative ion attachment. In contrast, nonpolar compounds (e.g., n-alkanes) were detected as positive ions via hydride abstraction and oxidation. Major background ions observed were H3O+(H2O)n, O2·+, O2·−(H2O)n and CO3·−. These results indicate that the present dark-current discharge efficiently generates resonance-state argon with an internal energy of ∼14.2 eV, higher than that of the well-known metastable state (∼11.6 eV). It is therefore suggested that ionization reactions occurring there can be attributed to the Penning ionization of atmospheric H2O and O2 by resonance-state argon, analogous to helium DART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sekimoto
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Hike
- AMR Inc., 2-13-18 Nakane, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0031, Japan
| | | | | | - Mitsuo Takayama
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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Zhong Q, Cheng F, Liang J, Wang X, Chen Y, Fang X, Hu L, Hang Y. Profiles of volatile indole emitted by Escherichia coli based on CDI-MS. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13139. [PMID: 31511564 PMCID: PMC6739388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important pathogen of nosocomial infection in clinical research, Thus, exploring new methods for the rapid detection of this pathogen is urgent. We reported the early release of molecular volatile indole vapour of E. coli cultures and blood cultures analyzed by direct atmospheric corona discharge ionization mass spectrometry (CDI-MS). The concentration of indole in E. coli cultures remarkably increases during the early log and lag phases of bacterial growth, thereby enabling early detection. Technical replicates were cultivated for 3 days for reference diagnosis using current conventional bacteraemia detection. A reference MS screen of common microbes from other genera confirmed that the peaks at m/z 116 signal corresponded to indole were specifically present in E. coli. Our results indicated that volatile indole based on CDI-MS without the need for any sample pretreatment is highly suitable for the reliable and cost-efficient differentiation of E. coli, especially for bacteraemia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshi Zhong
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Chest (third people) Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Juchao Liang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xueyao Fang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Longhua Hu
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China.
| | - Yaping Hang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China.
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Yin L, Feng Y, Tong J, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Fawcett JP, Gu J. Ultrahigh-throughput absolute quantitative analysis of linezolid in human plasma by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry without chromatographic separation and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5139-5148. [PMID: 31179528 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary in the clinical management of linezolid to improve its efficacy and reduce the risk of time- and dose-dependent toxicity. A novel and ultrahigh-throughput analytical method for the determination of linezolid in human plasma was developed based on direct analysis in real-time tandem mass spectrometry (DART-MS/MS) without chromatographic separation. After solid-phase extraction with Waters Oasis HLB, the linezolid and internal standard linezolid-d3 were detected by positive ion electrospray ionization followed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transition at m/z 338.1 → 296.2 and 341.2 → 297.3, respectively. The use of DART-MS obviates the need for chromatographic separation and allowed determination of linezolid in a total run time of only 24 s per sample. The method was linear in the concentration range 0.20-25 μg mL-1 with intraday and interday precision <14.5% and accuracy ranging from -3.85% to 12.7%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of linezolid in healthy male volunteers after oral administration of a 600 mg tablet. DART-MS/MS provides a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of linezolid that does not require chromatographic separation. It is eminently suitable to meet the high-throughput challenge of clinical TDM. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Research Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China.,Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yixuan Feng
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Jin Tong
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiqiong Guo
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yantong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - J Paul Fawcett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China. .,Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China. .,Beijing Institute of Modern Drug Metabolism, Beijing, 102209, China.
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Su QZ, Vera P, Van de Wiele C, Nerín C, Lin QB, Zhong HN. Non-target screening of (semi-)volatiles in food-grade polymers by comparison of atmospheric pressure gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight and electron ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 202:285-296. [PMID: 31171184 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure gas chromatography (APGC) coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) and electron ionization mass spectrometry together with commercial library search are two complementary techniques for non-target screening of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Optimization was first conducted to achieve easier search of correspondent peaks between the two systems. Analytical strategy for the determination of volatile and semi-volatile compound with different identification confidence levels was then proposed and applied to food contact grade polypropylene (PP) samples. Identification was found to be much easier and less time-consuming especially when correspondent peak was found in the two systems with the help of library search, exact mass of precursor and fragment ions as well as Kovats Index (KI). The behavior of APGC-QTOF-MS was also further investigated. Apart from the M+. ion and the well-known adduct [M+H]+ others such as [M-3H + O]+, [M-3H+2O]+ and [M-H+3O]+ were also observed for n-alkanes. Besides, new reaction products were found, formed by diol compounds (1-Monostearoylglycerol, 2-Monostearoylglycerol and NX 8000K) and silanediol dimethyl, which would be a transformation product of the silicone base septum or the methyl 5% phenyl polysiloxane based column. These new compounds were only detected in APGC-MS-QTOF as EI-GC-MS was not enough sensitive for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhi Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Vera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cathy Van de Wiele
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain; Antwerp University, Campus Drie Eiken, Building S, Office 7.25, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Qin-Bao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, China
| | - Huai-Ning Zhong
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
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Aszyk J, Byliński H, Namieśnik J, Kot-Wasik A. Main strategies, analytical trends and challenges in LC-MS and ambient mass spectrometry–based metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Hang Y, Chingin K, Liang J, Wang X, Hu L. Fast detection of volatile organic compounds from Staphylococcal blood cultures by CDI-MS. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid recognition of Staphylococcal bacteremia in humans is a serious challenge in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330006
- P. R. China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation
- East China Institute of Technology
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Juchao Liang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation
- East China Institute of Technology
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330006
- P. R. China
| | - Longhua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330006
- P. R. China
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Sato N, Sekimoto K, Takayama M. Ionization Capabilities of Hydronium Ions and High Electric Fields Produced by Atmospheric Pressure Corona Discharge. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2016; 5:S0067. [PMID: 28616372 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure corona discharge (APCD) was applied to the ionization of volatile organic compounds. The mass spectra of analytes having aromatic, phenolic, anilinic, basic and aliphatic in nature were obtained by using vapor supply and liquid smear supply methods. The vapor supply method mainly gave protonated analytes [A+H]+ caused by proton transfer from hydronium ion H3O+, except for benzene, toluene and n-hexane that have lower proton affinity. The use of the liquid smear supply method resulted in the formation of molecular ion A·+ and/or dehydride analyte [A-H]+, according to the nature of analytes used. The formation of A·+ without fragment ions could be explained by the electron tunneling via high electric fields 108 V/m at the tip of the corona needle. The dehydride analytes [A-H]+ observed in the mass spectra of n-hexane, di- and tributylamines may be explained by the hydride abstraction from the alkyl chains by the hydronium ion. The hydronium ion can play the two-roles for analytes, i.e., the proton donor to form [A+H]+ and the hydride acceptor to form [A-H]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuhiko Sato
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University
| | - Kanako Sekimoto
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University
| | - Mitsuo Takayama
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University
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