1
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Wang Y, Chen J, Wang C, Zhang L, Yang Y, Chen C, Xie Y, Zhao P, Fei J. An electrochemical sensor based on Ce-MOF-derived Ce-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) composite for efficient determination of rutin in food. Talanta 2023; 263:124678. [PMID: 37247454 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As a common antioxidant and nutritional fortifier in food chemistry, rutin has positive therapeutic effects against novel coronaviruses. Here, Ce-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (Ce-PEDOT) nanocomposites derived through cerium-based metal-organic framework (Ce-MOF) as a sacrificial template have been synthesized and successfully applied to electrochemical sensors. Due to the outstanding electrical conductivity of PEDOT and the high catalytic activity of Ce, the nanocomposites were used for the detection of rutin. The Ce-PEDOT/GCE sensor detects rutin over a linear range of 0.02-9 μM with the limit of detection of 14.7 nM (S/N = 3). Satisfactory results were obtained in the determination of rutin in natural food samples (buckwheat tea and orange). Moreover, the redox mechanism and electrochemical reaction sites of rutin were investigated by the CV curves of scan rate and density functional theory. This work is the first to demonstrate the combined PEDOT and Ce-MOF-derived materials as an electrochemical sensor to detect rutin, thus opening a new window for the application of the material in detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixi Xie
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junjie Fei
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China; Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Davoodi-Rad K, Shokrollahi A, Shahdost-Fard F, Azadkish K. Copper-Guanosine Nanorods (Cu-Guo NRs) as a Laccase Mimicking Nanozyme for Colorimetric Detection of Rutin. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:374. [PMID: 36979586 PMCID: PMC10046739 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by laccase activity, herein, Cu-guanosine nanorods (Cu-Guo NRs) have been synthesized for the first time through a simple procedure. The activity of the Cu-Guo NR as the laccase mimicking nanozyme has been examined in the colorimetric sensing of rutin (Rtn) by a novel and simple spectrophotometric method. The distinct changes in the absorbance signal intensity of Rtn and a distinguished red shift under the optimum condition based on pH and ionic strength values confirmed the formation of the oxidized form of Rtn (o-quinone) via laccase-like nanozyme activity of Cu-Guo NRs. A vivid and concentration-dependent color variation from green to dark yellow led to the visual detection of Rtn in a broad concentration range from 770 nM to 54.46 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 114 nM. The proposed methodology was successfully applied for the fast tracing of Rtn in the presence of certain common interfering species and various complex samples such as propolis dry extract, human biofluids, and dietary supplement tablets, with satisfactory precision. The sensitivity and selectivity of the developed sensor, which are bonuses in addition to rapid, on-site, cost-effective, and naked-eye determination of Rtn, hold great promise to provide technical support for routine analysis in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kamal Azadkish
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75914-353, Iran (K.A.)
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3
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Zhang H, Zhao Q, Qiu J, Wang Z, Yang X. Synthesis of a magnetic micelle molecularly imprinted polymers to selective adsorption of rutin from Sophora japonica. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1214:123492. [PMID: 36495684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rutin is a naturally active compound with biological and medical value. The traditional extraction and separation method not only destroys the structure and activity of rutin, but results in a low extraction rate. In this work, the magnetic micellar molecularly imprinted polymer of rutin with a selective recognition function, i.e., RMMMIP was synthesized from 4 to Vinylphenylboron acid and 4-Vinylpyridine as functional monomer, derivatives of cholic acid as amphiphilic molecules. The internal hydrophobic and external hydrophilic characteristics of micelle was used to weaken the solvation of rutin and strengthen the non-covalent interaction between functional monomer and rutin. Fe3O4, as the core, endowed the composite materials with good magnetic responsiveness and was easy to separate solid from liquid. Then its structure and adsorption were studied, adsorbing capacity and recognition specific factor of RMMMIP are 11.9 mg·g-1 and 3.55 respectively. RMMMIP was used for the separation of rutin from crude extracts of Sophora japonica Linn and showed a better selective adsorption capacity than quercetin, naringin and cyanidin-3-O-glucose. It indicated that RMMMIP as a specific adsorbent had the potential to be a practical way to purify rutin from rutin crude extracts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - QianYu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - JunQiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translation Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - ZhanHua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, China; School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology.
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4
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Bagheri HF, Arvand M, Habibi MF. An ultra-sensitive tailor-made sensor for specific adsorption and separation of rutin based on imprinted cavities on magnetic sensing platform. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Kalkan Z, Yence M, Turk F, Bektas TU, Ozturk S, Surdem S, Yildirim‐Tirgil N. Boronic Acid Substituted Polyaniline Based Enzymatic Biosensor System for Catechol Detection. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeycan Kalkan
- Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara Turkey
| | - Merve Yence
- TENMAK Boron Research Institute Ankara Turkey
| | - Fatih Turk
- Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara Turkey
| | - Tamer U. Bektas
- Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara Turkey
| | | | | | - Nimet Yildirim‐Tirgil
- Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara Turkey
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara Turkey
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Tang Y, Zhao F, Zeng B. Fabrication and application of a rutin electrochemical sensor based on rose-like AuNPs-MoS2-GN composite and molecularly imprinted chitosan. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Zhao W, Ma Y, Ye J. Development of a novel sensing platform based on molecularly imprinted polymer and closed bipolar electrochemiluminescence for sensitive detection of dopamine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Yuan FF, Zhang RR, Ma X, Yang J, Huang YP, Liu ZS. Cooperation effect of 4-vinylbenzeneboronic acid/methacrylic acid on affinity of capecitabine imprinted polymer for drug carrier. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Güney S, Arslan T, Yanık S, Güney O. An Electrochemical Sensing Platform Based on Graphene Oxide and Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrode for Selective Detection of Amoxicillin. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Güney
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Taner Arslan
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Serhat Yanık
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Marmara University, Kadıkoy Istanbul 34722 Turkey
| | - Orhan Güney
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
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10
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Shang H, Xu H, Jin L, Wang C, Chen C, Song T, Du Y. 3D ZnIn2S4 nanosheets decorated ZnCdS dodecahedral cages as multifunctional signal amplification matrix combined with electroactive/photoactive materials for dual mode electrochemical – photoelectrochemical detection of bovine hemoglobin. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 159:112202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Ma X, Li M, Tong P, Zhao C, Li J, Xu G. A strategy for construction of highly sensitive glycosyl imprinted electrochemical sensor based on sandwich-like multiple signal enhancement and determination of neural cell adhesion molecule. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 156:112150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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El Jaouhari A, Yan L, Zhu J, Zhao D, Zaved Hossain Khan M, Liu X. Enhanced molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor based on zeolitic imidazolate framework/reduced graphene oxide for highly recognition of rutin. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1106:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Zhou T, Che G, Ding L, Sun D, Li Y. Recent progress of selective adsorbents: From preparation to complex sample pretreatment. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Liu F, Kan X. Dual-analyte electrochemical sensor for fructose and alizarin red S specifically sensitive detection based on indicator displacement assay. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Hatamvand R, Shams A, Mohammadifar E, Yari A, Adeli M. Synthesis of boronic acid‐functionalized poly(glycerol‐oligoγ‐butyrolactone): Nano‐networks for efficient electrochemical sensing of biosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Hatamvand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceLorestan University 44316‐68151 Khorram Abad Iran
| | - Azim Shams
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceLorestan University 44316‐68151 Khorram Abad Iran
| | - Ehsan Mohammadifar
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Abdollah Yari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceLorestan University 44316‐68151 Khorram Abad Iran
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceLorestan University 44316‐68151 Khorram Abad Iran
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin Germany
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16
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Zhou T, Ding L, Che G, Jiang W, Sang L. Recent advances and trends of molecularly imprinted polymers for specific recognition in aqueous matrix: Preparation and application in sample pretreatment. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Huang X, Wei S, Yao S, Zhang H, He C, Cao J. Development of molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor with reduced graphene oxide and titanium dioxide enhanced performance for the detection of toltrazuril in chicken muscle and egg. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:607-614. [PMID: 30469110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for toltrazuril (TZR) detection based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) immobilized on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) modified platinum (Pt) electrode surface was fabricated for the first time. The synergistic fast electron transfer ability, large electroactive surface area and high catalytic activity from rGO and TiO2 contribute to amplify the electrochemical signal and consequently improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were used to evaluate the performance of the electrochemical sensor. The results showed that the electrochemical sensor possessed high sensitivity, good selectivity and anti-interference ability toward TZR. By using the DPV, the electrochemical sensor displayed a wide linear concentration range from 0.43 to 42.54 μg/L, with a limit of detection of 0.21 μg/L (S/N = 3). Moreover, the recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSD) were 85.0%-97.0% and 3.5%-6.4% at three concentration levels, respectively, implying that the established sensor is promising for the accurate detection of TZR at trace levels in chicken muscle and egg samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute for Food Control, Zhaoqing, 526060, China
| | - Shoulian Wei
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
| | - Su Yao
- School of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China
| | - Huasheng Zhang
- Zhaoqing Institute for Food Control, Zhaoqing, 526060, China
| | - Chunlin He
- Zhaoqing Institute for Food Control, Zhaoqing, 526060, China
| | - Jiangfei Cao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China
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18
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Zhang J, Guo XT, Zhou JP, Liu GZ, Zhang SY. Electrochemical preparation of surface molecularly imprinted poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid)/MWCNTs nanocomposite for sensitive sensing of epinephrine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:696-704. [PMID: 30033304 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A nanocomposite with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with surface molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid) (PAPBA) was successfully prepared via potentiodynamic electropolymerization and tested as an effective electrochemical material for epinephrine (EP) detection. The morphology and properties of the sensing material were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Compared with MWCNTs or non-imprinted polymers PAPBA modified MWCNTs electrodes, the PAPBA(MIPs)/MWCNTs modified electrode showed a lower charge transfer resistance and enhanced electrochemical performance for EP detection. The improved performance can be attributed to the large amount of specific imprinted cavities with boric acid group which can selectively adsorb EP molecule and the synergistic effect between MWCNTs and PAPBA(MIPs). The effects of pH, the molar ratio between monomer and template molecule, the cycle number of electropolymerization, and the accumulation time of the modified electrode on the sensing performance were investigated. It was found that under the optimal conditions, the PAPBA(MIPs)/MWCNTs sensor could effectively recognize EP from many possible interferents of higher concentration within a wide linear range of 0.2-800 μmol·L-1, with low detection limit of 35 nmol·L-1, high sensitivity and good discrimination. The detection of EP in human serum and real injection samples using the PAPBA(MIPs)/MWCNTs sensor also gave satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guang-Zhou Liu
- School of Marine Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shu-Yong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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19
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Wang Y, Zhong J, Ding F, Zhao Q, Zhang Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Rao H, Zou P, Wang X. A bifunctional NiCo2S4/reduced graphene oxide@polyaniline nanocomposite as a highly-efficient electrode for glucose and rutin detection. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00663f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel NiCo2S4/reduced graphene oxide@polyaniline (NiCo2S4/rGO@PANI) composite was synthesized by a facile two-step hydrothermal treatment and calcination, which was coupled with an in situ polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Wang
- College of Science
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Ya’an 625014
- P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhong
- College of Science
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Ya’an 625014
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Ding
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine
- Suzhou
- China
- Center for Systems Medicine
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Qingbiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
| | - Zhaoyi Zhang
- College of Science
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Ya’an 625014
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Science
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Ya’an 625014
- P. R. China
| | - Yiting Liu
- College of Science
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Ya’an 625014
- P. R. China
| | - Hanbing Rao
- College of Science
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Ya’an 625014
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Zou
- College of Science
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Ya’an 625014
- P. R. China
| | - Xianxiang Wang
- College of Science
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Ya’an 625014
- P. R. China
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