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Guo S, Gu D, Yang Y, Tian J, Chen X. Near-infrared photodynamic and photothermal co-therapy based on organic small molecular dyes. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:348. [PMID: 37759287 PMCID: PMC10523653 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) organic small molecule dyes (OSMDs) are effective photothermal agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their advantages of low cost and toxicity, good biodegradation, and strong NIR absorption over a wide wavelength range. Nevertheless, OSMDs have limited applicability in PTT due to their low photothermal conversion efficiency and inadequate destruction of tumor regions that are nonirradiated by NIR light. However, they can also act as photosensitizers (PSs) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be further eradicated by using ROS-related therapies to address the above limitations of PTT. In this review, the synergistic mechanism, composition, and properties of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-PTT nanoplatforms were comprehensively discussed. In addition, some specific strategies for further improving the combined PTT and PDT based on OSMDs for cancer to completely eradicate cancer cells were outlined. These strategies include performing image-guided co-therapy, enhancing tumor infiltration, increasing H2O2 or O2 in the tumor microenvironment, and loading anticancer drugs onto nanoplatforms to enable combined therapy with phototherapy and chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the intriguing prospects and challenges of this treatment modality were also summarized with a focus on the future trends of its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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2
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Naderi N, Lalebeigi F, Sadat Z, Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Maleki A, Mahdavi M. Recent advances on hyperthermia therapy applications of carbon-based nanocomposites. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 228:113430. [PMID: 37418814 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Generally, hyperthermia is referred to the composites capability to increase local temperature in such a way that the generated heat would lead to cancerous or bacteria cells destruction, with minimum damage to normal tissue cells. Many different materials have been utilized for hyperthermia application via different heat generating methods. Carbon-based nanomaterials consisting of graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon dot (CD) and carbon quantum dot (CQD), nanodiamond (ND), fullerene and carbon fiber (CF), have been studied significantly for different applications including hyperthermia due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical and physical stability, thermal and electrical conductivity and in some cases photothermal conversion. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, a structure-based view on carbon nanomaterials application in hyperthermia therapy of cancer and bacteria via various methods such as optical, magnetic, ultrasonic and radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Naderi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Farnaz Lalebeigi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Chemical transformation and cytotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) accumulated in mitochondria. Talanta 2022; 251:123770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Zhou MX, Zhang JY, Cai XM, Dou R, Ruan LF, Yang WJ, Lin WC, Chen J, Hu Y. Tumor-Penetrating and Mitochondria-Targeted Drug Delivery Overcomes Doxorubicin Resistance in Lung Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Choudhary D, Goykar H, Karanwad T, Kannaujia S, Gadekar V, Misra M. An understanding of mitochondria and its role in targeting nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:397-418. [PMID: 34703491 PMCID: PMC8520044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has changed the entire paradigm of drug targeting and has shown tremendous potential in the area of cancer therapy due to its specificity. In cancer, several targets have been explored which could be utilized for the better treatment of disease. Mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of cell, portrays significant role in the survival and death of cells, and has emerged as potential target for cancer therapy. Direct targeting and nanotechnology based approaches can be tailor-made to target mitochondria and thus improve the survival rate of patients suffering from cancer. With this backdrop, in present review, we have reemphasized the role of mitochondria in cancer progression and inhibition, highlighting the different targets that can be explored for targeting of disease. Moreover, we have also summarized different nanoparticulate systems that have been used for treatment of cancer via mitochondrial targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Choudhary
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Hanmant Goykar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Tukaram Karanwad
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Suraj Kannaujia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Vedant Gadekar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force station headqtrs, Gandhinagar 382355, India
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7
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Wu H, Jia P, Zou Y, Jiang J. Cascade targeting tumor mitochondria with CuS nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal therapy in the second near-infrared window. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5209-5217. [PMID: 34160487 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy, assisted by local heat generation using photothermal nanoparticles (NPs), is an emerging strategy to treat tumors noninvasively. To improve treatment outcomes and to alleviate potential side effects on normal tissue cells, utilizing the optically transparent second near-infrared (NIR-II) window and actively targeting tumors are critical. Considering that mitochondria are heat sensitive and play an important role in the up-regulation of metabolic activity in tumor cells, herein we report a cascade targeting scheme that enables active photothermal ablation of tumor mitochondria. First, NIR-II absorbing CuS NPs were surface modified with the mitochondria targeting moiety (3-carboxypropyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) and then shielded with CD44 targeting hyaluronic acid, which will only expose TPP upon reaching the tumor sites. This allowed over 90% CuS NP enrichment at tumor mitochondria, and as a result, significantly improved tumor cell photothermal ablation was observed at the cellular level. An in vivo study demonstrated enhanced tumor uptake and improved tumor growth suppression by using these cascade targeting CuS NPs as NIR-II photothermal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- i-Lab and Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Zhang J, Song X, Xia M, Xue Y, Zhou M, Ruan L, Lu H, Chen J, Wang D, Chai Z, Hu Y. The proximity of the G-quadruplex to hemin impacts the intrinsic DNAzyme activity in mitochondria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3038-3041. [PMID: 33624637 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The DNAzyme activity of G-quadruplex/hemin in mitochondria has not been characterized. Herein, we report an unexpected difference in the DNAzyme activity between in vitro assays and in mitochondria. Molecular dynamic simulations illustrate how the interaction of the G-quadruplex with hemin may modulate the DNAzyme activity. These results might facilitate a better understanding of the catalytic mechanism of the DNAzyme and help the rational design of stable and active DNAzymes suitable for intracellular catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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Huang H, Zhou M, Ruan L, Wang D, Lu H, Zhang J, Chen J, Hu Y, Chai Z. AMPK mediates the neurotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles retained in mitochondria or lysosomes. Metallomics 2020; 11:1200-1206. [PMID: 31241124 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors may play a critical role in the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association of PD with specific chemical species remains largely unknown. Here we prepared three kinds of iron oxide nanoparticles and examined their cytotoxicity in a cellular model of PD. We found that lysosome-targeted nanoparticles showed significant cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Inhibition of AMPK could aggravate the neurotoxicity of lysosome-targeted nanoparticles as well as mitochondrion-targeted nanoparticles. Alteration of mitochondrial membrane potentials was found to be in agreement with the neurotoxicity of iron nanoparticles. These results suggested an important role of AMPK in regulating iron nanoparticle-associated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lifo Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huiru Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Wang M, Ruan L, Zheng T, Wang D, Zhou M, Lu H, Gao J, Chen J, Hu Y. A surface convertible nanoplatform with enhanced mitochondrial targeting for tumor photothermal therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110854. [PMID: 32086023 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy emerges as a promising approach in antitumor treatment. A major challenge for conventional photothermal therapy is its unselective hyperthermia distribution within tumor tissues, which leads to detrimental effects on surrounding healthy tissues and compromised therapeutic effectiveness. In this study, a targeted photothermal delivery nanoplatform (P-D-CS-CNTs) was facilely fabricated by decoration of an acidity-labile polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative onto chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating single-walled carbon nanotubes. P-D-CS-CNTs displayed a good stability in serum at normal physiological pH and convertibility of surface charges upon exposure to tumoral acidic pH, which was attributed to the acidity-triggered dePEGylation. The confocal laser scanning microscopic observations suggested that such surface-convertibility of nanoparticles facilitated tumor cell uptake, endo/lyososomal escape, and enhanced mitochondrial targeting. Furthermore, upon irradiation with an 808 nm laser, P-D-CS-CNTs could sabotage mitochondria with mild hyperthermia, which further induced the ROS burst from damaged mitochondria. The overdosed ROS ultimately resulted in mitochondrial damage and cell death. These findings indicate that the surface-convertible nanoplatform is promising for improved photothermal anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lifo Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiru Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Transparent chitosan based nanobiocomposite hydrogel: Synthesis, thermophysical characterization, cell adhesion and viability assay. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:715-724. [PMID: 31862375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study designed to explore the characteristic features of the novel prepared hydrogel. This transparent nanocomposite hydrogel was formulated with employing environmental friendly biopolymer, "chitosan". To increase the hydrophilicity of chitosan, it was quaternized with triethyl amine. Also by incorporating click protocol, the triazole rings were inserted in the structure. After decoration with appropriate chemicals using efficient methods, functionalized chitosan and the corresponding hydrogel were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Swelling behavior of the synthesized hydrogel was assayed in both room temperature and 37 °C. Moreover, swelling kinetics were appraised and found that the experimental data fit the Schott's equation. To study the cell adhesion and proliferation, MTT assay was performed and the SEM images of 24, 48 and 72 h of direct cell culture on the surface of the scaffold were obtained. Morphological features of cultured cells were confirmed with Giemsa staining. The results displayed the potential capability of the synthesized scaffold for being used in bioapplications.
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Bi Y, Wang M, Peng L, Ruan L, Zhou M, Hu Y, Chen J, Gao J. Photo/thermo-responsive and size-switchable nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy against orthotopic breast cancer. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:210-213. [PMID: 36134004 PMCID: PMC9417067 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00652d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor penetration of nanocarriers is still an unresolved challenge for effective drug delivery. Herein, we described a size-switchable nanoplatform in response to an external near-infrared (NIR) laser for transcellular drug delivery. The nanoplatform was constructed with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based nanogel encapsulating chitosan-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes, followed by loading a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX). In mice bearing orthotopic breast tumors, the photothermal effect from single-walled carbon nanotubes upon NIR irradiation potently inhibited tumor growth. The antitumor effect of the nanomedicine with NIR irradiation might be attributed to its capability of transcellular transport and tumor penetration in mice. In addition, the nanomedicine with NIR irradiation could elicit an antitumor response by increasing cytotoxic T cells and decreasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These results validated the application of photo/thermo-responsive nanomedicine in the orthotopic model of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100049 China
| | - Miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lirong Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Lifo Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
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Gao P, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Boosting Cancer Therapy with Organelle-Targeted Nanomaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26529-26558. [PMID: 31136142 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of cancer therapy is to eliminate malignant tumors while causing no damage to normal tissues. In the past decades, numerous nanoagents have been employed for cancer treatment because of their unique properties over traditional molecular drugs. However, lack of selectivity and unwanted therapeutic outcomes have severely limited the therapeutic index of traditional nanodrugs. Recently, a series of nanomaterials that can accumulate in specific organelles (nucleus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus) within cancer cells have received increasing interest. These rationally designed nanoagents can either directly destroy the subcellular structures or effectively deliver drugs into the proper targets, which can further activate certain cell death pathways, enabling them to boost the therapeutic efficiency, lower drug dosage, reduce side effects, avoid multidrug resistance, and prevent recurrence. In this Review, the design principles, targeting strategies, therapeutic mechanisms, current challenges, and potential future directions of organelle-targeted nanomaterials will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
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14
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Wang D, Zhou M, Huang H, Ruan L, Lu H, Zhang J, Chen J, Gao J, Chai Z, Hu Y. Gold Nanoparticle-Based Probe for Analyzing Mitochondrial Temperature in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3178-3182. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lifo Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiru Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Wang D, Huang H, Zhou M, Lu H, Chen J, Chang YT, Gao J, Chai Z, Hu Y. A thermoresponsive nanocarrier for mitochondria-targeted drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4051-4054. [PMID: 30870553 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00603f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria emerge as an important target for cancer therapy. Herein, by taking advantage of the recently reported high temperature of mitochondria, a well-tuned thermoresponsive nanocarrier was developed for specifically delivering the anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX), to mitochondria in cancer cells. The temperature-dependent delivery of drugs to mitochondria represents a novel anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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16
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Ruan L, Zhou M, Chen J, Huang H, Zhang J, Sun H, Chai Z, Hu Y. Thermoresponsive drug delivery to mitochondria in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14645-14648. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07538k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive drug delivery to mitochondria in a mouse model of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifo Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Multidisciplinary Research Division
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Multidisciplinary Research Division
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Multidisciplinary Research Division
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
| | - Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Multidisciplinary Research Division
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Multidisciplinary Research Division
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and COSDAF (Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films)
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Multidisciplinary Research Division
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Multidisciplinary Research Division
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100049
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17
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Zhou M, Zhang X, Xie J, Qi R, Lu H, Leporatti S, Chen J, Hu Y. pH-Sensitive Poly(β-amino ester)s Nanocarriers Facilitate the Inhibition of Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E952. [PMID: 30463238 PMCID: PMC6267427 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains an unmet challenge in chemotherapy. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers emerge as a promising tool to overcome MDR. Herein, pH-sensitive poly(β-amino ester)s polymers (PHP)-based micellar nanoparticles were synthesized for enhanced doxorubicin (DOX) delivery in drug resistant breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells. DOX-loaded PHP micelles showed rapid cell-internalization and lysosomal escape in MCF-7/ADR cells. The cytotoxicity assays showed relatively higher cell inhibition of DOX-loaded PHP micelles than that of free DOX against MCF-7/ADR cells. Further mechanistic studies showed that PHP micelles were able to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity by lowering mitochondrial membrane potentials and ATP levels. These results suggested that the enhanced antitumor effect might be attributed to PHP-mediated lysosomal escape and drug efflux inhibition. Therefore, PHP would be a promising pH-responsive nanocarrier for enhanced intracellular drug delivery and overcoming MDR in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rongxiang Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huiru Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- CNR Nanotec-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Polo di Nanotecnologia, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multidisciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Wen K, Zhou M, Lu H, Bi Y, Ruan L, Chen J, Hu Y. Near-Infrared/pH Dual-Sensitive Nanocarriers for Enhanced Intracellular Delivery of Doxorubicin. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4244-4254. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiru Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lifo Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Tumor acidity activating multifunctional nanoplatform for NIR-mediated multiple enhanced photodynamic and photothermal tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 157:107-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Gholibegloo E, Karbasi A, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N, Ramazani A, Akbari T, Bahador A, Khoobi M. Carnosine-graphene oxide conjugates decorated with hydroxyapatite as promising nanocarrier for ICG loading with enhanced antibacterial effects in photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 181:14-22. [PMID: 29482032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been emerged as a noninvasive strategy to remove bacterial contaminants such as S. mutans from the tooth surface. Photosensitizer (PS), like indocyanine green (ICG), plays a key role in this technique which mainly suffers from the poor stability and concentration-dependent aggregation. An appropriate nanocarrier (NC) with enhanced antibacterial effects could overcome these limitations and improve the efficiency of ICG as a PS. In this study, various ICG-loaded NCs including graphene oxide (GO), GO-carnosine (Car) and GO-Car/Hydroxyapatite (HAp) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Filed Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Zeta Potential and Ultraviolet-Visible spectrometry (UV-Vis). The colony forming unit and crystal violet assays were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of PSs against S. mutans. The quantitative real-time PCR approach was also applied to determine the expression ratio of the gtfB gene in S. mutans. The zeta potential analysis and UV-Vis spectrometry indicated successful loading of ICG onto/into NCs. GO-Car/HAp showed highest amount of ICG loading (57.52%) and also highest aqueous stability after one week (94%). UV-Vis spectrometry analyses disclosed a red shift from 780 to 800 nm for the characteristic peak of ICG-loaded NCs. In the lack of aPDT, GO-Car@ICG showed the highest decrease in bacterial survival (86.4%) which indicated that Car could significantly promote the antibacterial effect of GO. GO@ICG, GO-Car@ICG and GO-Car/HAp@ICG mediated aPDT, dramatically declined the count of S. mutans strains to 91.2%, 95.5% and 93.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). The GO@ICG, GO-Car@ICG, GO-Car/HAp@ICG significantly suppressed the S. mutans biofilm formation by 51.4%, 63.8%, and 56.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). The expression of gtfB gene was considerably reduced to 6.0, 9.0 and 7.9-fold after aPDT in the presence of GO@ICG, GO-Car@ICG, GO-Car/HAp@ICG, respectively (P < 0.05). It could be concluded that the multi-functionalized GO as a novel nanocarrier could significantly enhance the ICG loading, stability, and improve its inhibitory effects as a photosensitizer in aPDT against S. mutans. These findings might provide opportunity for efficient treatment of local dental infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gholibegloo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran; Nanobiomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Ashkan Karbasi
- Nanobiomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Nanobiomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Gao H, Bi Y, Wang X, Wang M, Zhou M, Lu H, Gao J, Chen J, Hu Y. Near-Infrared Guided Thermal-Responsive Nanomedicine against Orthotopic Superficial Bladder Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3628-3634. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Clinical
Laboratory Department, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Changhe Subdistrict, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Ying Bi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiru Lu
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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