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He W, Tashiro S, Shionoya M. Highly selective acid-catalyzed olefin isomerization of limonene to terpinolene by kinetic suppression of the overreactions in a confined space of porous metal-macrocycle framework. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8752-8758. [PMID: 35975147 PMCID: PMC9350587 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural enzymes control the intrinsic reactivity of chemical reactions in the natural environment, giving only the necessary products. In recent years, challenging research on the reactivity control of terpenes with structural diversity using artificial host compounds that mimic such enzymatic reactions has been actively pursued. A typical example is the acid-catalyzed olefin isomerization of (+)-limonene, which generally gives a complex mixture due to over-isomerization to thermodynamically favored isomers. Herein we report a highly controlled conversion of (+)-limonene by kinetic suppression of over-isomerization in a confined space of a porous metal–macrocycle framework (MMF) equipped with a Brønsted acid catalyst. The terminal double bond of (+)-limonene migrated to one neighbor, preferentially producing terpinolene. This reaction selectivity was in stark contrast to the homogeneous acid-catalyzed reaction in bulk solution and to previously reported catalytic reactions. X-ray structural analysis and examination of the reaction with adsorption inhibitors suggest that the reactive substrates may bind non-covalently to specific positions in the confined space of the MMF, thereby inhibiting the over-isomerization reaction. The nanospaces of the MMF with substrate binding ability are expected to enable highly selective synthesis of a variety of terpene compounds. A porous metal–macrocycle framework (MMF) equipped with a Brønsted acid catalyst in nanochannels enables highly selective isomerization of limonene to terpinolene by kinetically suppressing over-isomerization at confined acid sites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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Yonezawa H, Shiraogawa T, Han M, Tashiro S, Ehara M, Shionoya M. Mechanistic Studies on Photoinduced Catalytic Olefin Migration Reactions at the Pd(II) Centers of a Porous Crystal, Metal-Macrocycle Framework. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:202-206. [PMID: 33300244 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Porous crystals with well-defined active metal centers on the pore surface have high potential as heterogeneous metal catalysts. We have recently demonstrated that a porous molecular crystal, metal-macrocycle framework (MMF), catalyzes olefin migration reactions by photoactivation of its PdII Cl2 moieties exposed on the crystalline channel surface. Herein we report a mechanistic study of the photoinduced olefin migration reactions at the PdII active centers of MMF. Several experiments, including a deuterium scrambling study, revealed that olefin migration is catalyzed via an alkyl mechanism by in situ generated Pd-H species on the channel surface during photoirradiation. This proposed mechanism was further supported by DFT and ONIOM calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Yonezawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shiraogawa
- Institute for Molecular Science and SOKENDAI, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mengying Han
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science and SOKENDAI, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Tashiro S, Umeki T, Kubota R, Shionoya M. Face-selective adsorption of a prochiral compound on the chiral pore-surface of a metal-macrocycle framework (MMF) directed towards stereoselective reactions. Faraday Discuss 2021; 225:197-209. [PMID: 33104769 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular adsorption on a surface is a unique way to break the mirror-symmetry of prochiral molecules, and therefore the use of chiral surfaces is an effective strategy for achieving highly selective chiral separation and asymmetric catalytic reactions based on molecular adsorption with high diastereoselectivity. We have previously reported a porous metal-macrocycle framework (MMF) with an enantiomeric pair of chiral pore-surfaces derived from Pd-helical macrocycles as the ingredients of the framework. Aiming at applying the chiral pore-surface of the MMF to asymmetric reactions and chiral separation, herein we propose a strategy to utilize one of the enantiomerically paired pore-surfaces as a homochiral pore-surface with the aid of chiral auxiliaries that can block only one side of the enantiomeric pore-surfaces in a site-selective manner. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that a chiral auxiliary, (1R)- or (1S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanol, and a prochiral guest molecule, 2'-hydroxyacetophenone, were cooperatively arranged in each pore unit so that the prochiral guest molecule can face-selectively bind to the homochiral pore-surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Tashiro S, He W, Hayashi R, Lin Y, Shionoya M. Site-selective binding of terpenoids within a confined space of metal–macrocycle framework: substrate-specific promotion or inhibition of cyclization reactions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids, (S)-citronellal, nerol, geraniol and farnesol, were site-selectively adsorbed to binding pockets on the pore surface of a metal-macrocycle framework, and their cyclization reaction was controlled in a confined nanospace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Yingjie Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
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Tashiro S, Shionoya M. Novel Porous Crystals with Macrocycle-Based Well-Defined Molecular Recognition Sites. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:632-643. [PMID: 31970991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition is one of the fundamental events in biological systems, as typified by enzymes that enable highly efficient and selective catalytic reactions through precise recognition of substrate(s) and cofactor(s) in the binding pockets. Chemists therefore have long been inspired by such excellent molecular systems to develop various synthetic receptors with well-defined binding sites. Their effort is currently being devoted to the construction of not only molecular receptors but also self-assembled host compounds possessing connected cavities (pores) in the crystalline frameworks to rationally design functional porous materials capable of efficiently adsorbing molecules or ions at binding sites on the pore walls. However, it is still challenging to design multiple distinct binding sites that are precisely arranged in an identical framework, which is currently one of the most important targets in this field to realize elaborate molecular systems beyond natural enzymes.In this Account, we provide an overview of porous crystals with well-defined molecular recognition sites. We first show several strategies for arranging macrocyclic binding sites in crystalline frameworks such as metal-organic frameworks, porous molecular crystals, and covalent organic frameworks. Porous metal-macrocycle frameworks (MMFs) that we have recently developed are then described as a new type of porous crystals with well-defined multiple distinct binding sites. The MMF-1 crystal, which was developed first and is composed of four stereoisomers of helical PdII3-macrocycle complexes, has one-dimensional channels with dimensions of 1.4 nm × 1.9 nm equipped with enantiomeric pairs of five distinct binding sites. This structural feature of MMF-1 therefore allows for site-selective and asymmetric arrangement of not only single but also multiple guest molecules in the crystalline channels based on molecular recognition between the guests and the multiple binding sites. This characteristic was also exploited to develop a heterogeneous catalyst by non-covalently immobilizing an organic acid on the pore surface of MMF-1 to conduct size-specific catalytic reactions. In addition, adsorption of a photoreactive substrate in MMF was found to switch the photoreaction pathway to cause another reaction with the aid of photoactivated PdII centers arranged on the pore walls. Furthermore, the dynamic, transient process of molecular arrangement incorporated in MMF-1 has been successfully visualized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The formation of homochiral MMF-2 composed of only (P)- or (M)-helical PdII3-macrocycle complexes is also described. Thus, macrocycle-based porous crystals with a complex structure such as MMFs are expected to serve as novel porous materials that have great potential to mimic or surpass enzymes by utilizing well-defined multiple binding sites capable of spatially arranging a catalyst, substrate, and effector for highly selective and allosterically tunable catalytic reactions, which can be also visualized by crystallographic analysis because of their crystalline nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Tashiro S, Mitsui S, Burke DW, Kubota R, Matsushita N, Shionoya M. Core–shell metal–macrocycle framework (MMF): spatially selective dye inclusion through core-to-shell anisotropic transport along crystalline 1D-channels connected by epitaxial growth. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Core–shell porous metal–macrocycle frameworks were fabricated via an epitaxial growth procedure to observe core-to-shell anisotropic transport of a dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Shinya Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - David W. Burke
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science and Research Center for Smart Molecules
- Rikkyo University
- Tokyo 171-8501
- Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
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Sasaki H, Imoto H, Kitao T, Uemura T, Yumura T, Naka K. Fluorinated porous molecular crystals: vapor-triggered on–off switching of luminescence and porosity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6487-6490. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated porous molecular crystals (PMCs) were fabricated from platinum(ii) dihalide complexes with 9-pentafluorophenyl-9-arsafluorene. The diiodide complex formed a PMC exhibiting open–close switching of porosity as well as on–off switching of luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sasaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Takashi Kitao
- Department of Advanced Materials Science
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8561
- Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8561
- Japan
| | - Takashi Yumura
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
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Yonezawa H, Tashiro S, Shiraogawa T, Ehara M, Shimada R, Ozawa T, Shionoya M. Preferential Photoreaction in a Porous Crystal, Metal–Macrocycle Framework: PdII-Mediated Olefin Migration over [2+2] Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16610-16614. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Yonezawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shiraogawa
- Institute for Molecular Science and SOKENDAI, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science and SOKENDAI, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Gee WJ. The growing importance of crystalline molecular flasks and the crystalline sponge method. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:15979-15986. [PMID: 29106430 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03136j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article showcases recent advancements made using crystalline molecular flasks and the widening list of prospective applications for the crystalline sponge method. This expansion has coincided with an increasing number of materials termed crystalline sponges, and a report of a predictive means of identifying candidates from crystallographic databases. The crystalline sponge method's primary application has been determination of absolute configuration, and this has evolved from the analysis of carefully chosen planar aromatic guests to more diverse identification of natural products, biological metabolites, and analysis of volatile chemical components. However with time-resolved X-ray crystallography providing arguably the most informative atomic scale insights of dynamic chemical processes, this application of the crystalline sponge method may soon eclipse structural determination in terms of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Gee
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
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Chemoselective Suzuki Coupling of Bromoarenes Catalysed by Palladium(II)-Complexing Macrocycles in Aqueous Media. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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