1
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Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Poveda A, Yu Y, Yadav N, Seeberger PH, Jiménez-Barbero J, Delbianco M. Synthesis of a glycan hairpin. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1461-1469. [PMID: 37400598 PMCID: PMC10533408 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The primary sequence of a biopolymer encodes the essential information for folding, permitting to carry out sophisticated functions. Inspired by natural biopolymers, peptide and nucleic acid sequences have been designed to adopt particular three-dimensional (3D) shapes and programmed to exert specific functions. In contrast, synthetic glycans capable of autonomously folding into defined 3D conformations have so far not been explored owing to their structural complexity and lack of design rules. Here we generate a glycan that adopts a stable secondary structure not present in nature, a glycan hairpin, by combining natural glycan motifs, stabilized by a non-conventional hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Automated glycan assembly enabled rapid access to synthetic analogues, including site-specific 13C-labelled ones, for nuclear magnetic resonance conformational analysis. Long-range inter-residue nuclear Overhauser effects unequivocally confirmed the folded conformation of the synthetic glycan hairpin. The capacity to control the 3D shape across the pool of available monosaccharides has the potential to afford more foldamer scaffolds with programmable properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ana Poveda
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nishu Yadav
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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3
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Buglioni L, Raymenants F, Slattery A, Zondag SDA, Noël T. Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2752-2906. [PMID: 34375082 PMCID: PMC8796205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14—Helix, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Slattery
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. A. Zondag
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Liu M, Qin X, Ye XS. Glycan Assembly Strategy: From Concept to Application. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3256-3277. [PMID: 34498347 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have been hot topics in recent years due to their exhibition of numerous biological activities. However, the heterogeneity of their natural source and the complexity of their chemical synthesis impede the progress in their biological research. Thus, the development of glycan assembly strategies to acquire plenty of structurally well-defined glycans is an important issue in carbohydrate chemistry. In this review, the latest advances in glycan assembly strategies from concepts to their applications in carbohydrate synthesis, including chemical and enzymatic/chemo-enzymatic approaches, as well as solution-phase and solid-phase/tag-assisted synthesis, are summarized. Furthermore, the automated glycan assembly techniques are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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5
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Abstract
The importance of post-translational glycosylation in protein structure and function has gained significant clinical relevance recently. The latest developments in glycobiology, glycochemistry, and glycoproteomics have made the field more manageable and relevant to disease progression and immune-response signaling. Here, we summarize the current progress in glycoscience, including the new methodologies that have led to the introduction of programmable and automatic as well as large-scale enzymatic synthesis, and the development of glycan array, glycosylation probes, and inhibitors of carbohydrate-associated enzymes or receptors. These novel methodologies and tools have facilitated our understanding of the significance of glycosylation and development of carbohydrate-derived medicines that bring the field to the next level of scientific and medical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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6
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Bakhatan Y, Alshanski I, Grunhaus D, Hurevich M. The breaking beads approach for photocleavage from solid support. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4183-4188. [PMID: 32441723 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00821d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocleavage from polystyrene beads is a pivotal reaction for solid phase synthesis that relies on photolabile linkers. Photocleavage from intact porous polystyrene beads is not optimal because light cannot penetrate into the beads and the surface area exposed to irradiation is limited. Thus, hazardous, technically challenging and expensive setups are used for photocleavage from intact beads. We developed a new concept in which grinding the beads during or prior to irradiation is employed as an essential part of the photocleavage process. By grinding the beads we are exposing more surface area to the light source, hence, photocleavage can be performed even using a simple benchtop LED setup. This approach proved very efficient for photocleavage of various model compounds including fully protected oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Bakhatan
- Institute of Chemistry; Harvey M. Kreuger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Israel Alshanski
- Institute of Chemistry; Harvey M. Kreuger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Dana Grunhaus
- Institute of Chemistry; Harvey M. Kreuger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Institute of Chemistry; Harvey M. Kreuger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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7
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Pauchet Y, Ruprecht C, Pfrengle F. Analyzing the Substrate Specificity of a Class of Long-Horned-Beetle-Derived Xylanases by Using Synthetic Arabinoxylan Oligo- and Polysaccharides. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1517-1525. [PMID: 31850611 PMCID: PMC7317733 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Xylophagous long-horned beetles thrive in challenging environments. To access nutrients, they secrete plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes in their gut fluid; among them are cellulases of the subfamily 2 of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5_2). Recently, we discovered that several beetle-derived GH5_2s use xylan as a substrate instead of cellulose, which is unusual for this family of enzymes. Here, we analyze the substrate specificity of a GH5_2 xylanase from the beetle Apriona japonica (AJAGH5_2-1) using commercially available substrates and synthetic arabinoxylan oligo- and polysaccharides. We demonstrate that AJAGH5_2-1 processes arabinoxylan polysaccharides in a manner distinct from classical xylanase families such as GH10 and GH11. AJAGH5_2-1 is active on long oligosaccharides and cleaves at the non-reducing end of a substituted xylose residue (position +1) only if: 1) three xylose residues are present upstream and downstream of the cleavage site, and 2) xylose residues at positions -1, -2, +2 and +3 are not substituted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Le Mai Hoang K, Pardo-Vargas A, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Loria M, Delbianco M, Seeberger PH. Traceless Photolabile Linker Expedites the Chemical Synthesis of Complex Oligosaccharides by Automated Glycan Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9079-9086. [PMID: 31091089 PMCID: PMC6750752 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Automated glycan
assembly (AGA) aims at accelerating access to
synthetic oligosaccharides to meet the demand for defined glycans
as tools for molecular glycobiology. The linkers used to connect the
growing glycan chain to the solid support play a pivotal role in the
synthesis strategy as they determine all chemical conditions used
during the synthesis and the form of the glycan obtained at the end
of it. Here, we describe a traceless photolabile linker used to prepare
carbohydrates with a free reducing end. Modification of the o-nitrobenzyl scaffold of the linker is key to high yields
and compatibility with the AGA workflow. The assembly of an asymmetrical
biantennary N-glycan from oligosaccharide fragments
prepared by AGA and linear as well as branched β-oligoglucans
is described to illustrate the power of the method. These substrates
will serve as standards and biomarkers to examine the unique specificity
of glycosyl hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Le Mai Hoang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Alonso Pardo-Vargas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Yuntao Zhu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mirco Loria
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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9
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Abstract
The intrinsic complexity of carbohydrate structures has hampered access to pure glycans and hence impeded progress in the glycosciences. Automated Glycan Assembly (AGA) has facilitated the procurement of synthetic glycans, to be used in diagnostics, vaccine development, enzyme characterization and structure-function relationship studies. A general approach for obtaining complex glycans from mammalian, bacterial, fungal and plant classes provides molecular tools for glycobiology research. Recent advances in AGA technology pave the way for the production of novel carbohydrate materials. This perspective describes the state-of-the art of AGA and aspects of the technology where additional improvements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Guberman
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimalle 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
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10
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Bartetzko MP, Pfrengle F. Automated Glycan Assembly of Plant Oligosaccharides and Their Application in Cell-Wall Biology. Chembiochem 2019; 20:877-885. [PMID: 30427113 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The plant cell wall provides the richest available resource of fermentable carbohydrates and biobased materials. The main component of plant cell walls is cellulose, which is the most abundant biomolecule on earth. Apart from cellulose, which is constructed from relatively simple β-1,4-glucan chains, plant cell walls also contain structurally more complex heteropolysaccharides (hemicellulose and pectin), as well as lignin and cell-wall proteins. A detailed understanding of the molecular structures, functions, and biosyntheses of cell-wall components is required to further promote their industrial use. Plant cell-wall research is, to a large degree, hampered by a lsack of available well-defined oligosaccharide samples that represent the structural features of cell-wall glycans. One technique to access these oligosaccharides is automated glycan assembly; a technique in which monosaccharide building blocks are, similarly to automated peptide and oligonucleotide chemistry, successively added to a linker-functionalized resin in a fully automated manner. Herein, recent research into the automated glycan assembly of different classes of cell-wall glycans used as molecular tools for cell-wall biology is discussed. More than 60 synthetic oligosaccharides were prepared and printed as microarrays for screening monoclonal antibodies that recognize plant cell-wall polysaccharides. The synthesized oligosaccharides have also been used to investigate glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases, which are involved in synthesis and degradation of plant cell walls, as well as for the analysis of cell-wall-remodeling enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max P Bartetzko
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Pardo-Vargas A, Delbianco M, Seeberger PH. Automated glycan assembly as an enabling technology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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13
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Wen L, Edmunds G, Gibbons C, Zhang J, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Fang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Wang PG. Toward Automated Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8151-8187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Kong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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14
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Vartak A, Thanna S, Meyer K, Dermanelian M, Sucheck SJ. Oligosaccharide synthesis on soluble high-molecular weight pHEMA using a photo-cleavable linker. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41612-41619. [PMID: 31263543 PMCID: PMC6602538 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharide synthesis on organic solvent soluble, high molecular weight poly(2-hydroxyethylmethylacrylate) (pHEMA) is described. The pHEMA-bound oligosaccharide could be recovered after each reaction in 90–95% yield using a precipitation method. The methodology was used to synthesize a model tri-galactoside in 48% overall yield and a trisaccharide from the outer core domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysacchride (LPS) in 39% yield. The use of a photo-cleavable linker is also demonstrated to produce reducing-end protected oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharide synthesis on organic solvent soluble, high molecular weight poly(2-hydroxyethylmethylacrylate) (pHEMA) is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Vartak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Toledo
- Toledo
- USA
| | - Sandeep Thanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Toledo
- Toledo
- USA
| | - Kyle Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Toledo
- Toledo
- USA
| | | | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Toledo
- Toledo
- USA
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15
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Pfrengle F. Synthetic plant glycans. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 40:145-151. [PMID: 29024888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For more than a century the primary carbon source for the production of fuels, chemicals and many materials has been fossil resources. Recently, plant polysaccharides from non-food biomass have emerged as a promising renewable alternative that may displace a significant fraction of petroleum-derived products. As a food source, plant polysaccharides can provide beneficial effects on the human immune system in the form of dietary fiber. Despite the strong impact of plant glycans on society and human health, their chemical synthesis remains largely unexplored compared to the synthesis of mammalian and bacterial glycans. Synthetic glycans such as described in this review provide an important toolbox for studying the role of carbohydrates in plant biology and their interaction with human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Bartetzko MP, Schuhmacher F, Seeberger PH, Pfrengle F. Determining Substrate Specificities of β1,4-Endogalactanases Using Plant Arabinogalactan Oligosaccharides Synthesized by Automated Glycan Assembly. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1842-1850. [PMID: 28075586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pectin is a structurally complex plant polysaccharide with many industrial applications in food products. The structural elucidation of pectin is aided by digestion assays with glycosyl hydrolases. We report the automated glycan assembly of oligosaccharides related to the arabinogalactan side chains of pectin as novel biochemical tools to determine the substrate specificities of endogalactanases. Analysis of the digestion products revealed different requirements for the lengths and arabinose substitution pattern of the oligosaccharides to be recognized and hydrolyzed by the galactanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max P Bartetzko
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Schuhmacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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