1
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van Wilderen LJGW, Kern-Michler D, Neumann C, Reinfelds M, von Cosel J, Horz M, Burghardt I, Heckel A, Bredenbeck J. Choose your leaving group: selective photodeprotection in a mixture of pHP-caged compounds by VIPER excitation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2624-2630. [PMID: 36908963 PMCID: PMC9993852 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocages are light-triggerable molecular moieties that can locally release a pre-determined leaving group (LG). Finding a suitable photocage for a particular application may be challenging, as the choice may be limited by for instance the optical or physicochemical properties of the system. Using more than one photocage to release different LGs in a reaction mixture may even be more difficult. In this work an experimental strategy is presented that allows us to hand-pick the release of different LGs, and to do so in any order. This is achieved by using isotopologue photocage-LG mixtures in combination with ultrafast VIbrationally Promoted Electronic Resonance (VIPER) excitation. The latter provides the required molecular selectivity simply by tuning the wavenumber of the used IR pulses to the resonance of a specific photocage isotopologue, as is demonstrated here for the para-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) photocage. For spectroscopic convenience, we use isotopologues of the infrared (IR) spectroscopic marker -SCN as different LGs. Especially for applications where fast LG release is required, pHP is found to be an excellent candidate, as free LG formation is observed to occur with a 10 ps lifetime. The devised strategy may open up new complex uncaging applications, where multiple LGs can be formed locally on a short time scale and in any sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk J G W van Wilderen
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Biophysics Max-von-Laue-Str. 1 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Daniela Kern-Michler
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Biophysics Max-von-Laue-Str. 1 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Carsten Neumann
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Biophysics Max-von-Laue-Str. 1 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jan von Cosel
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Maximiliane Horz
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Biophysics Max-von-Laue-Str. 1 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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2
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Arora A, Singh K. Click Chemistry Mediated by Photochemical Energy. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Arora
- Department of Natural and Applied Science University of Dubuque 2000 University Ave. Dubuque, IA 52001 USA
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- TLC Pharmaceutical Standards 130 Pony Drive, Newmarket ON Canada L3Y 7B6 USA
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3
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Abstract
The merging of click chemistry with discrete photochemical processes has led to the creation of a new class of click reactions, collectively known as photoclick chemistry. These light-triggered click reactions allow the synthesis of diverse organic structures in a rapid and precise manner under mild conditions. Because light offers unparalleled spatiotemporal control over the generation of the reactive intermediates, photoclick chemistry has become an indispensable tool for a wide range of spatially addressable applications including surface functionalization, polymer conjugation and cross-linking, and biomolecular labeling in the native cellular environment. Over the past decade, a growing number of photoclick reactions have been developed, especially those based on the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and Diels-Alder reactions owing to their excellent reaction kinetics, selectivity, and biocompatibility. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of photoclick reactions and their applications in chemical biology and materials science. A particular emphasis is placed on the historical contexts and mechanistic insights into each of the selected reactions. The in-depth discussion presented here should stimulate further development of the field, including the design of new photoactivation modalities, the continuous expansion of λ-orthogonal tandem photoclick chemistry, and the innovative use of these unique tools in bioconjugation and nanomaterial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangam Srikanth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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4
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Danilkina NA, Vasileva AA, Balova IA. A.E.Favorskii’s scientific legacy in modern organic chemistry: prototropic acetylene – allene isomerization and the acetylene zipper reaction. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alexei Evgrafovich Favorskii was an outstanding organic chemist who left a great scientific legacy as a result of long time and fruitful work. Most of the theoretically and practically important discoveries of A.E.Favorskii were made in the chemistry of acetylene and its derivatives. Nowadays, the reactions discovered by him, which include acetylene – allene isomerization, the Favorskii and retro-Favorskii reactions, the Favorskii rearrangement and the vinylation reaction, are widely used in industry and in laboratory synthesis. This review summarizes the main scientific achievements of A.E.Favorskii, as well as their development in modern organic chemistry. Much consideration is given to acetylene – allene isomerization as a convenient method for the synthesis of methyl-substituted acetylenes and to the acetylene zipper reaction as a synthetic tool for obtaining terminal acetylenes. The review presents examples of the application of these reactions in modern organic synthesis of complex molecules, including natural compounds and their analogues.
The bibliography includes 266 references.
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5
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Holland JP, Gut M, Klingler S, Fay R, Guillou A. Photochemical Reactions in the Synthesis of Protein-Drug Conjugates. Chemistry 2019; 26:33-48. [PMID: 31599057 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modify biologically active molecules such as antibodies with drug molecules, fluorophores or radionuclides is crucial in drug discovery and target identification. Classic chemistry used for protein functionalisation relies almost exclusively on thermochemically mediated reactions. Our recent experiments have begun to explore the use of photochemistry to effect rapid and efficient protein functionalisation. This article introduces some of the principles and objectives of using photochemically activated reagents for protein ligation. The concept of simultaneous photoradiosynthesis of radiolabelled antibodies for use in molecular imaging is introduced as a working example. Notably, the goal of producing functionalised proteins in the absence of pre-association (non-covalent ligand-protein binding) introduces requirements that are distinct from the more regular use of photoactive groups in photoaffinity labelling. With this in mind, the chemistry of thirteen different classes of photoactivatable reagents that react through the formation of intermediate carbenes, electrophiles, dienes, or radicals, is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Gut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Klingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachael Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amaury Guillou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Ghosh G, Belh SJ, Chiemezie C, Walalawela N, Ghogare AA, Vignoni M, Thomas AH, McFarland SA, Greer EM, Greer A. S,S-Chiral Linker Induced U Shape with a Syn-facial Sensitizer and Photocleavable Ethene Group. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:293-305. [PMID: 30113068 DOI: 10.1111/php.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a major need for light-activated materials for the release of sensitizers and drugs. Considering the success of chiral columns for the separation of enantiomer drugs, we synthesized an S,S-chiral linker system covalently attached to silica with a sensitizer ethene near the silica surface. First, the silica surface was modified to be aromatic rich, by replacing 70% of the surface groups with (3-phenoxypropyl)silane. We then synthesized a 3-component conjugate [chlorin sensitizer, S,S-chiral cyclohexane and ethene building blocks] in 5 steps with a 13% yield, and covalently bound the conjugate to the (3-phenoxypropyl)silane-coated silica surface. We hypothesized that the chiral linker would increase exposure of the ethene site for enhanced 1 O2 -based sensitizer release. However, the chiral linker caused the sensitizer conjugate to adopt a U shape due to favored 1,2-diaxial substituent orientation; resulting in a reduced efficiency of surface loading. Further accentuating the U shape was π-π stacking between the (3-phenoxypropyl)silane and sensitizer. Semiempirical calculations and singlet oxygen luminescence data provided deeper insight into the sensitizer's orientation and release. This study has lead to insight on modifications of surfaces for drug photorelease and can help lead to the development of miniaturized photodynamic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Sarah J Belh
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Callistus Chiemezie
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Niluksha Walalawela
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Ashwini A Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Mariana Vignoni
- INIFTA, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés H Thomas
- INIFTA, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
| | - Edyta M Greer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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7
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Salahi F, Purohit V, Ferraudi G, Stauffacher C, Wiest O, Helquist P. pHP-Tethered N-Acyl Carbamate: A Photocage for Nicotinamide. Org Lett 2018; 20:2547-2550. [PMID: 29652162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new photocaged nicotinamide having an N-acyl carbamate linker and a p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) chromophore is described. The photophysical and photochemical studies showed an absorption maximum at λ = 330 nm and a quantum yield for release of 11% that are dependent upon both pH and solvent. While the acyl carbamate releases nicotinamide efficiently, a simpler amide linker was inert to photocleavage. This photocaged nicotinamide has significant advantages with respect to quantum yield, absorbance wavelength, rate of release, and solubility that make it the first practical example of a photocaged amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Salahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Vatsal Purohit
- Department of Biological Sciences , Purdue University , 915 West State Street , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Guillermo Ferraudi
- Notre Dame Radiation Research Laboratory , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Cynthia Stauffacher
- Department of Biological Sciences , Purdue University , 915 West State Street , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States.,Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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8
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Sitkowska K, Feringa BL, Szymański W. Green-Light-Sensitive BODIPY Photoprotecting Groups for Amines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1819-1827. [PMID: 29369628 PMCID: PMC5822223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of easily accessible, visible-light-sensitive (λ > 500 nm) BODIPY (boron-dipyrromethene)-based photoprotecting groups (PPGs) for primary and secondary amines, based on a carbamate linker. The caged compounds are stable under aqueous conditions for 24 h and can be efficiently uncaged in vitro with visible light (λ = 530 nm). These properties allow efficient photodeprotection of amines, rendering these novel PPGs potentially suitable for various applications, including the delivery of caged drugs and their remote activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Sitkowska
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Warsaw , Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymański
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Slanina T, Šebej P. Visible-light-activated photoCORMs: rational design of CO-releasing organic molecules absorbing in the tissue-transparent window. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:692-710. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of visible-light-activatable transition-metal-free CO-releasing molecules with an emphasis on mechanistic details of the CO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Slanina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Goethe-University Frankfurt
- 60438 Frankfurt
- Germany
| | - Peter Šebej
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment
- Faculty of Science
- Masaryk University
- 625 00 Brno
- Czech Republic
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