1
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Takashima K, Asai A, Ashidate M, Suzuki R, Marumoto S, Ishikawa F, Morikawa T, Tanabe G. Total Synthesis of Calanthoside, a Potential Hair Growth Stimulant: A Facile Synthetic Approach via One-Pot S- and O-Glucosidic Bond Formation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2672-2684. [PMID: 37964561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of calanthoside (1), which exhibits potent proliferative activity against human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, has been achieved in seven steps with an overall yield of 43% on a gram scale starting from anthranilic acid (11). The synthetic strategy features a one-pot process involving thioglucoside bond formation via nucleophilic substitution reaction and enol-glucosylation for building the S-,O-bisdesmoside structure of 1. Moreover, the one-pot reaction showed broad substrate adaptability to several sugar donors other than d-glucose, thus affording S,O-bisglycoside intermediates in ∼84% yield.
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2
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Feng B, Chu F, Bi A, Huang X, Fang Y, Liu M, Chen F, Li Y, Zeng W. Fidelity-oriented fluorescence imaging probes for beta-galactosidase: From accurate diagnosis to precise treatment. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108244. [PMID: 37652143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Beta-galactosidase (β-gal), a typical glycosidase catalyzing the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, is regarded as a vital biomarker for cell senescence and cancer occurrence. Given the advantages of high spatiotemporal resolution, high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and being free of ionizing radiations, fluorescent imaging technology provides an excellent choice for in vivo imaging of β-gal. In this review, we detail the representative biotech advances of fluorescence imaging probes for β-gal bearing diverse fidelity-oriented improvements to elucidate their future potential in preclinical research and clinical application. Next, we propose the comprehensive design strategies of imaging probes for β-gal with respect of high fidelity. Considering the systematic implementation approaches, a range of high-fidelity imaging-guided theragnostic are adopted for the individual β-gal-associated biological scenarios. Finally, current challenges and future trends are proposed to promote the next development of imaging agents for individual and specific application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Feiyi Chu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Anyao Bi
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China; Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Fang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Meihui Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Fei Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China.
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3
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Wei X, Gu Q, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wu S, Yang X, Ye Q, Ding Y, Wang J, Chen M, Wu Q. Sensitive and Selective Detection of Enterococcus faecalis Using a New Turn-on Fluorogenic β-glucosidase Substrate Combined with a Modified Selective Broth. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:68-77. [PMID: 35699359 DOI: 10.1111/php.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new, simple-to-synthesize and sensitive turn-on fluorogenic substrate (CFMU-Glu) for β-glucosidase activity was developed. This probe was based on a 7-hydroxycoumarin derivative (CFMU) that could emit green fluorescence and had the low pKa value of 5.61 ± 0.01. CFMU-Glu could be used for sensitive monitoring of the almond βGLU and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) at the optimal pHs of 6.50 and 7.00, respectively. Moreover, a new sensitive and selective fluorogenic broth (PBF-B) for E. faecalis, utilizing CFMU-Glu and polymyxin B, was also developed. Polymyxin B was discovered to can significantly improve the detection selectivity and signal intensity. The proposed 4-four method using PBF-B and a microcentrifuge tube could provide fluorogenic detection limits of 5.01 × 104 and 1.0 × 105 CFU mL-1 by fluorescence microplate reader and naked eye, respectively; it could also provide a turn-on chromogenic detection limit of 1.0 × 106 CFU mL-1 by naked eye. The proposed method could detect 8 CFU mL-1 of E. faecalis in drinking water, Liangcha (herbal tea) and milk samples within 10 h, without pre-enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhu Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Liu Y, Wang P, Ding H. Crystal structure of (2 R,3 S,4 S,5 R,6 S)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-((1-acetyl-5-bromo-4-chloro-1 H-indol-3-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2 H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate hemihydrate C 24H 25BrClNO 11. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C24H25BrClNO11, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 28.914(5) Å, b = 7.9349(14) Å, c = 13.062(2) Å, β = 114.867(3)°, V = 2718.9(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0352, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0888, T = 296.15 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang 330013 , P. R. China
| | - Pingqiao Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang 330013 , P. R. China
| | - Haixin Ding
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang 330013 , P. R. China
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5
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Gao S, Zhao L, Fan Z, Kodibagkar VD, Liu L, Wang H, Xu H, Tu M, Hu B, Cao C, Zhang Z, Yu JX. In Situ Generated Novel 1H MRI Reporter for β-Galactosidase Activity Detection and Visualization in Living Tumor Cells. Front Chem 2021; 9:709581. [PMID: 34336792 PMCID: PMC8321238 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.709581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For wide applications of the lacZ gene in cellular/molecular biology, small animal investigations, and clinical assessments, the improvement of noninvasive imaging approaches to precisely assay gene expression has garnered much attention. In this study, we investigate a novel molecular platform in which alizarin 2-O-β-d-galactopyranoside AZ-1 acts as a lacZ gene/β-gal responsive 1H-MRI probe to induce significant 1H-MRI contrast changes in relaxation times T 1 and T 2 in situ as a concerted effect for the discovery of β-gal activity with the exposure of Fe3+. We also demonstrate the capability of this strategy for detecting β-gal activity with lacZ-transfected human MCF7 breast and PC3 prostate cancer cells by reaction-enhanced 1H-MRI T 1 and T 2 relaxation mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Vikram D. Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hanqin Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Mingli Tu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Bifu Hu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Chuanbin Cao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Zhenjian Zhang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Jian-Xin Yu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Fifth School of Medicine/Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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6
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Chromo-fluorogenic probes for β-galactosidase detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2361-2388. [PMID: 33606064 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase (β-Gal) is a widely used enzyme as a reporter gene in the field of molecular biology which hydrolyzes the β-galactosides into monosaccharides. β-Gal is an essential enzyme in humans and its deficiency or its overexpression results in several rare diseases. Cellular senescence is probably one of the most relevant physiological disorders that involve β-Gal enzyme. In this review, we assess the progress made to date in the design of molecular-based probes for the detection of β-Gal both in vitro and in vivo. Most of the reported molecular probes for the detection of β-Gal consist of a galactopyranoside residue attached to a signalling unit through glycosidic bonds. The β-Gal-induced hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds released the signalling unit with remarkable changes in color and/or emission. Additional examples based on other approaches are also described. The wide applicability of these probes for the rapid and in situ detection of de-regulation β-Gal-related diseases has boosted the research in this fertile field.
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7
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Abstract
Hydrogels, swellable hydrophilic polymer networks fabricated through chemical cross-linking or physical entanglement are increasingly utilized in various biomedical applications over the past few decades. Hydrogel-based microparticles, dressings and microneedle patches have been explored to achieve safe, sustained and on-demand therapeutic purposes toward numerous skin pathologies, through incorporation of stimuli-responsive moieties and therapeutic agents. More recently, these platforms are expanded to fulfill the diagnostic and monitoring role. Herein, the development of hydrogel technology to achieve diagnosis and monitoring of pathological skin conditions are highlighted, with proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and reactive species employed as target biomarkers, among others. The scope of this review includes the characteristics of hydrogel materials, its fabrication procedures, examples of diagnostic studies, as well as discussion pertaining clinical translation of hydrogel systems.
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8
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Okada K, Yamaguchi T, Dodo K, Sodeoka M, Obika S. Detection of esterase activity by chromogenic and fluorogenic probe based on an O-nitrobenzoxadiazole (O-NBD) unit. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1444-1448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Nagata S, Tomida H, Iwai-Hirose H, Tanaka HN, Ando H, Imamura A, Ishida H. Synthesis of a 1,2- cis-indoxyl galactoside as a chromogenic glycosidase substrate. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28241-28247. [PMID: 35530445 PMCID: PMC9071174 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05797h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetically challenging 1,2-cis-indoxyl galactoside, X-α-galactoside, was first prepared in this study using a cyclic ketone indoxyl acceptor and a glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donor to produce an enol glycoside and a 4,6-O-di-tert-butylsilylene-protected galactosyl donor to complete the synthesis. The target compound shows enzyme activity in the presence of α-galactosidase. The highly challenging synthesis of a 1,2-cis-indoxyl galactoside was first achieved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakuto Nagata
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tomida
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Haruka Iwai-Hirose
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN)
| | - Hiromune Ando
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN)
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
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10
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Ishi-i T, Kawai K, Shirai Y, Kitahara I, Hagiwara Y. Amphiphilic triphenylamine–benzothiadiazole dyes: preparation, fluorescence and aggregation behavior, and enzyme fluorescence detection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1447-1460. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Change of aggregate stabilization based on removal of the galactopyranose moiety leads to an emission enhancement to detect β-galactosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Ishi-i
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Kurume College
- Kurume 830-8555
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Kurume College
- Kurume 830-8555
- Japan
| | - Yuya Shirai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Kurume College
- Kurume 830-8555
- Japan
| | - Ikumi Kitahara
- Material Engineering Advanced Course
- Advanced Engineering School
- National Institute of Technology
- Kurume College
- Kurume 830-8555
| | - Yoshinori Hagiwara
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Kurume College
- Kurume 830-8555
- Japan
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11
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Giovannini G, Gubala V, Hall AJ. ‘Off–on’ switchable fluorescent probe for prompt and cost-efficient detection of bacteria. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and straightforward detection of bacteria in food and human samples is becoming important, particularly in view of the development of point-of-care devices and lab-on-a-chip tools for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giovannini
- Medway School of Pharmacy
- University of Kent
- Central Avenue
- Chatham Maritime
- Kent
| | - Vladimir Gubala
- Medway School of Pharmacy
- University of Kent
- Central Avenue
- Chatham Maritime
- Kent
| | - Andrew J. Hall
- Medway School of Pharmacy
- University of Kent
- Central Avenue
- Chatham Maritime
- Kent
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12
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Giovannini G, Hall AJ, Gubala V. Coumarin-based, switchable fluorescent substrates for enzymatic bacterial detection. Talanta 2018; 188:448-453. [PMID: 30029400 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically-switchable fluorescent substrates, such as the commercially available 4-methyl umbelliferones (4-MU) are used as standard indicators of enzymatic activity for the detection of various microorganisms and pathogens. However, a major disadvantage of 4-MU is its relatively high pKa leading to only partial dissociation of the fluorescent anion under the conditions where the enzymes are most effective (pH 6-6.5). Here we present a method for new, enzymatically-switchable, fluorescent substrates with improved photo-physico/chemical properties. The lead derivative, 4-AAU, shows excellent solubility in aqueous media (0.81 mg/mL) when compared to 4-MU (0.16 mg/mL), significantly improved quantum yield and wider dynamic range of its fluorescence properties. The corresponding bacterial substrate β-4-AAUG showed superior selectivity in the detection of clinically relevant amounts of E. coli, Enterococcus and K. pneumonia (1 CFU). The fluorescence intensity of β-4-AAUG was almost 5 times higher than that of the standard, the detection was possible in reasonably short time (∼ 2.5 h) and with excellent sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giovannini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy.
| | - Andrew J Hall
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Ave, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
| | - Vladimir Gubala
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Ave, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
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13
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Zhang J, Li D, Yue X, Zhang M, Liu P, Li G. Colorimetric in situ assay of membrane-bound enzyme based on lipid bilayer inhibition of ion transport. Theranostics 2018; 8:3275-3283. [PMID: 29930729 PMCID: PMC6010988 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound enzymes (MBEs), which make up a very high proportion of intracellular enzymes, catalyze a variety of activities that are currently analyzed by various techniques after purification. However, due to their amphipathic character, the purification of MBEs is difficult. Therefore, the most productive approach represents in situ analysis of MBEs in the cellular membrane. Methods: In this study, using membrane-bound α-glucosidase (α-Glu) as an example, we have developed a colorimetric in situ assay for MBEs based on the inhibitory effect of lipid bilayer on ion transport. The enzyme substrate could mediate the self-assembly of phospholipid PEG derivative around magnetic nanospheres that were modified with boronic acid. The formation of lipid bilayer could inhibit the leaking of iron ions under acidic conditions. However, the product of the catalytic reaction had no capability for self-assembly of the lipid bilayer, leading to the release of iron ions from the magnetic nanospheres under acidic pH. Results: The colorimetric in situ assay for MBEs could not only analyze the activity of membrane-bound α-Glu located on Caco-2 cells but could also evaluate the α-Glu inhibitors in cell medium. Conclusions: The simple, economic, and efficient method proposed here offers a potential application for high-throughput testing of α-Glu and its inhibitors. Our study also outlines a strategy for exploring the colorimetric method to detect the activities of MBEs in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Defeng Li
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiquan Yue
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Genxi Li
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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