1
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Wu Y, Zhao W, Wang Y, Wang B, Fan M, Zhang R. Enhancing Catalytic Performance through Subsurface Chemistry: The Case of C 2H 2 Semihydrogenation over Pd Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56743-56757. [PMID: 36515505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface chemistry in heterogeneous catalysis plays an important role in tuning catalytic performance. Aiming to unravel the role of subsurface heteroatoms, C2H2 semihydrogenation on a series of Pd catalysts doped with subsurface heteroatom H, B, C, N, P, or S was fully investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations together with microkinetic modeling. The obtained results showed that catalytic performance toward C2H2 semihydrogenation was affected significantly by the type and coverage of subsurface heteroatoms. The Pd-B0.5 and Pd-C0.5 catalysts with 1/2 monolayer (ML) heteroatom coverage, as well as Pd-N, Pd-P, and Pd-S catalysts with 1/16 ML heteroatom coverage, were screened to not only obviously improve C2H4 selectivity and activity but also effectively suppress green oil. The essential reason for subsurface heteroatoms in tuning catalytic performance is attributed to the distinctive surface Pd electronic and geometric structures caused by subsurface heteroatoms. In the Pd-B0.5 and Pd-C0.5 catalysts, the Pd surface electronic and geometric effects play the dominant role, while the geometric effect plays a key role in the Pd-N, Pd-P, and Pd-S catalysts. The findings provide theoretically valuable information for designing high-performance metal catalysts in alkyne semihydrogenation through subsurface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wantong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Maohong Fan
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming82071, United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming82071, United States
| | - Riguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
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2
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Li H, Qin X, Zhang XG, Jiang K, Cai WB. Boron-Doped Platinum-Group Metals in Electrocatalysis: A Perspective. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianxian Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang453007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Center, Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Nakaya Y, Furukawa S. Catalysis of Alloys: Classification, Principles, and Design for a Variety of Materials and Reactions. Chem Rev 2022; 123:5859-5947. [PMID: 36170063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alloying has long been used as a promising methodology to improve the catalytic performance of metallic materials. In recent years, the field of alloy catalysis has made remarkable progress with the emergence of a variety of novel alloy materials and their functions. Therefore, a comprehensive disciplinary framework for catalytic chemistry of alloys that provides a cross-sectional understanding of the broad research field is in high demand. In this review, we provide a comprehensive classification of various alloy materials based on metallurgy, thermodynamics, and inorganic chemistry and summarize the roles of alloying in catalysis and its principles with a brief introduction of the historical background of this research field. Furthermore, we explain how each type of alloy can be used as a catalyst material and how to design a functional catalyst for the target reaction by introducing representative case studies. This review includes two approaches, namely, from materials and reactions, to provide a better understanding of the catalytic chemistry of alloys. Our review offers a perspective on this research field and can be used encyclopedically according to the readers' individual interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakaya
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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4
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Li Y, Yan K, Cao Y, Ge X, Zhou X, Yuan W, Chen D, Duan X. Mechanistic and Atomic-Level Insights into Semihydrogenation Catalysis to Light Olefins. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kelin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaohu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinggui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weikang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Feng K, Tian J, Zhang J, Li Z, Chen Y, Luo KH, Yang B, Yan B. Dual Functionalized Interstitial N Atoms in Co 3Mo 3N Enabling CO 2 Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaming Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, and International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Hong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, and International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Binhang Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Light alloying element-regulated noble metal catalysts for energy-related applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Liu Y, Ye W, Lin H, Song C, Rong Z, Lu R, Zhang H, Huang H, Tang Z, Zhang S. Embedding
Pd‐Cu
Alloy Nanoparticles in Shell of
Surface‐Porous N‐Doped
Carbon Nanosphere for Selective Hydrogenation of
p
‐Chloronitrobenzene
. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingcen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Wanyue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Hua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Caicheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Zeming Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Rongwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Zhicheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
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8
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Chen T, Foo C, Zheng JJW, Fang H, Nellist P, Tsang SCE. Direct Visualization of Substitutional Li Doping in Supported Pt Nanoparticles and Their Ultra-selective Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance. Chemistry 2021; 27:12041-12046. [PMID: 34159657 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has only recently been established that doping light elements (lithium, boron, and carbon) into supported transition metals can fill interstitial sites, which can be observed by the expanded unit cell. As an example, interstitial lithium (int Li) can block H filling octahedral interstices of palladium metal lattice, which improves partial hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes under hydrogen. In contrast, herein, we report int Li is not found in the case of Pt/C. Instead, we observe for the first time a direct 'substitution' of Pt with substitutional lithium (sub Li) in alternating atomic columns using scanning transmission electron microscopy-annular dark field (STEM-ADF). This ordered substitutional doping results in a contraction of the unit cell as shown by high-quality synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). The electron donation of d-band of Pt without higher orbital hybridizations by sub Li offers an alternative way for ultra-selectivity in catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds by suppressing the facile CO bond breakage that would form alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK.,Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 PH, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Foo
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK
| | - Jianwei J W Zheng
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK
| | - Huihuang Fang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Nellist
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 PH, Oxford, UK
| | - Shik Chi Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK
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9
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Duan XP, Chen T, Chen T, Huang L, Ye L, Lo BTW, Yuan Y, Edman Tsang SC. Intercalating lithium into the lattice of silver nanoparticles boosts catalytic hydrogenation of carbon-oxygen bonds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8791-8802. [PMID: 34257879 PMCID: PMC8246077 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01700d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinage metal nanoparticles with high dispersion can serve as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts. However, owing to their low melting point, poor thermal stability remains a major obstacle towards their application under reaction conditions. It is a common practice to use porous inorganic templates such as mesoporous silica SBA-15 to disperse Ag nanoparticles (NPs) against aggregation but their stability is far from satisfactory. Here, we show that the catalytic activity for hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) to methyl glycolate (MG) over Ag NPs dispersed on SBA-15 silica can be further promoted by incorporation of alkali metal ions at small loading, which follows the inverse order of their cationic size: Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+. Among these, 5Ag1-Li0.05/SBA-15 can double the MG yield compared to pristine 5Ag/SBA-15 under identical conditions with superior thermal stability. Akin to the effect of an ionic surfactant on stabilization of a micro-emulsion, the cationic charge of an alkali metal ion can maintain dispersion and modulate the surface valence of Ag NPs. Interstitial Li in the octahedral holes of the face center packed Ag lattice is for the first time confirmed by X-ray pair distribution function and electron ptychography. It is believed that this interstitial-stabilization of coinage metal nanoparticles could be broadly applicable to multi-metallic nanomaterials for a broad range of C-O bond activating catalytic reactions of esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ping Duan
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Lele Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Li Ye
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University (Jiangwan Campus) Shanghai China
| | - Benedict T W Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Youzhu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shik Chi Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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10
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Hong S, Chung S, Park J, Hwang JP, Lee CH, Uhm S, Bong S, Lee J. Contribution of Interstitial Boron in a Boron-Incorporated Palladium Catalyst Toward Formate Oxidation in an Alkaline Direct Formate Fuel Cell. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujik Hong
- Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory (ERTL), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunki Chung
- Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory (ERTL), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Park
- Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory (ERTL), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hwang
- Energy Engineering Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Energy Engineering Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Uhm
- Plant Engineering Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin 17180, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyool Bong
- Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory (ERTL), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory (ERTL), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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11
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Chen T, Foo C, Edman Tsang SC. Interstitial and substitutional light elements in transition metals for heterogeneous catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:517-532. [PMID: 34163781 PMCID: PMC8179013 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of foreign element dopants to monometallic nanoparticle catalysts is of great importance in industrial applications. Both substitutional and interstitial doping of pure metallic phases can give profound effects such as altering electronic and transport properties, lattice parameters, phase transitions, and consequently various physicochemical properties. For transition metal catalysts, this often leads to changes in catalytic activity and selectivity. This article provides an overview of the recent developments regarding the catalytic properties and characterisation of such systems. In particular, the structure-activity relationship for a number of important chemical reactions is summarised and the future prospects of this area are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Christopher Foo
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Shik Chi Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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12
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Niu Y, Huang X, Wang Y, Xu M, Chen J, Xu S, Willinger MG, Zhang W, Wei M, Zhang B. Manipulating interstitial carbon atoms in the nickel octahedral site for highly efficient hydrogenation of alkyne. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3324. [PMID: 32620829 PMCID: PMC7335178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Light elements in the interstitial site of transition metals have strong influence on heterogeneous catalysis via either expression of surface structures or even direct participation into reaction. Interstitial atoms are generally metastable with a strong environmental dependence, setting up giant challenges in controlling of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we show that the desired carbon atoms can be manipulated within nickel (Ni) lattice for improving the selectivity in acetylene hydrogenation reaction. The radius of octahedral space of Ni is expanded from 0.517 to 0.524 Å via formation of Ni3Zn, affording the dissociated carbon atoms to readily dissolve and diffuse at mild temperatures. Such incorporated carbon atoms coordinate with the surrounding Ni atoms for generation of Ni3ZnC0.7 and thereof inhibit the formation of subsurface hydrogen structures. Thus, the selectivity and stability are dramatically improved, as it enables suppressing the pathway of ethylene hydrogenation and restraining the accumulation of carbonaceous species on surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yongzhao Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Junnan Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Shuliang Xu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Marc-Georg Willinger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wei Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, China. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
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13
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Chen T, Ellis I, Hooper TJN, Liberti E, Ye L, Lo BTW, O'Leary C, Sheader AA, Martinez GT, Jones L, Ho PL, Zhao P, Cookson J, Bishop PT, Chater P, Hanna JV, Nellist P, Tsang SCE. Interstitial Boron Atoms in the Palladium Lattice of an Industrial Type of Nanocatalyst: Properties and Structural Modifications. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19616-19624. [PMID: 31747756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that the inclusion of small atomic species such as boron (B) in powder metal catalysts can subtly modify catalytic properties, and the associated changes in the metal lattice imply that the B atoms are located in the interstitial sites. However, there is no compelling evidence for the occurrence of interstitial B atoms, and there is a concomitant lack of detailed structural information describing the nature of this occupancy and its effects on the metal host. In this work, we use an innovative combination of high-resolution 11B magic-angle-spinning (MAS) and 105Pd static solid-state NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), in situ X-ray pair distribution function (XPDF), scanning transmission electron microscopy-annular dark field imaging (STEM-ADF), electron ptychography, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to investigate the B atom positions, properties, and structural modifications to the palladium lattice of an industrial type interstitial boron doped palladium nanoparticle catalyst system (Pd-intB/C NPs). In this study, we report that upon B incorporation into the Pd lattice, the overall face centered cubic (FCC) lattice is maintained; however, short-range disorder is introduced. The 105Pd static solid-state NMR illustrates how different types (and levels) of structural strain and disorder are introduced in the nanoparticle history. These structural distortions can lead to the appearance of small amounts of local hexagonal close packed (HCP) structured material in localized regions. The short-range lattice tailoring of the Pd framework to accommodate interstitial B dopants in the octahedral sites of the distorted FCC structure can be imaged by electron ptychography. This study describes new toolsets that enable the characterization of industrial metal nanocatalysts across length scales from macro- to microanalysis, which gives important guidance to the structure-activity relationship of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Wolfson Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR , United Kingdom.,Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Ieuan Ellis
- Wolfson Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR , United Kingdom.,Johnson Matthey , Blount's Court, Sonning Common , Reading RG4 9NH , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J N Hooper
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Emanuela Liberti
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Lin Ye
- Wolfson Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR , United Kingdom
| | - Benedict T W Lo
- Wolfson Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR , United Kingdom
| | - Colum O'Leary
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra A Sheader
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Gerardo T Martinez
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Lewys Jones
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Ping-Luen Ho
- Wolfson Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR , United Kingdom.,Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Pu Zhao
- Wolfson Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR , United Kingdom
| | - James Cookson
- Johnson Matthey , Blount's Court, Sonning Common , Reading RG4 9NH , United Kingdom
| | - Peter T Bishop
- Johnson Matthey , Blount's Court, Sonning Common , Reading RG4 9NH , United Kingdom
| | - Philip Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd. , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , United Kingdom
| | - John V Hanna
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nellist
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Shik Chi Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR , United Kingdom
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14
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Wang J, Hao W, Ma LJ, Jia J, Wu HS. The effect of interstitial boron on the mechanisms of acetylene hydrogenation catalyzed by Pd6: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Wang J, Hao W, Ma LJ, Jia J, Wu HS. The structures, stabilities and electronic properties of PdnB (n = 1–10) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Zhang Y, Wen X, Shi Y, Yue R, Bai L, Liu Q, Ba X. Sulfur-Containing Polymer As a Platform for Synthesis of Size-Controlled Pd Nanoparticles for Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuangong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Yue
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Libin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Liu X, Chen J, Yuan J, Li Y, Li J, Zhou S, Yao C, Liao L, Zhuang S, Zhao Y, Deng H, Yang J, Wu Z. A Silver Nanocluster Containing Interstitial Sulfur and Unprecedented Chemical Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11273-11277. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
| | - Jishi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jin Li
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint center for Life Sciences; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shiming Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Chuanhao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Shengli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint center for Life Sciences; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
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18
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Liu X, Chen J, Yuan J, Li Y, Li J, Zhou S, Yao C, Liao L, Zhuang S, Zhao Y, Deng H, Yang J, Wu Z. A Silver Nanocluster Containing Interstitial Sulfur and Unprecedented Chemical Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
| | - Jishi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jin Li
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint center for Life Sciences; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shiming Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Chuanhao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Shengli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint center for Life Sciences; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics; Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Institute of Solid State Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
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19
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Kobayashi K, Kobayashi H, Maesato M, Hayashi M, Yamamoto T, Yoshioka S, Matsumura S, Sugiyama T, Kawaguchi S, Kubota Y, Nakanishi H, Kitagawa H. Discovery of Hexagonal Structured Pd-B Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kobayashi
- Division of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Division of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Maesato
- Division of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Mikihiro Hayashi
- Division of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, ; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; Motooka 744, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Satoru Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, ; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; Motooka 744, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Syo Matsumura
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, ; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyushu University; Motooka 744, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center; Kyushu University; Motooka 744, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center; Kyushu University; Motooka 744, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takeharu Sugiyama
- Research Center for Synchrotron Light Applications; Kyushu University; 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Insitute (JASRI); SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kubota
- Department of Physical Science; Graduate School of Science; Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai; Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- National Institute of Technology; Akashi College; 679-3 Nishioka, Uozumi, Akashi Hyogo 674-8501 Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center; Kyushu University; Motooka 744, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS); Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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20
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Kobayashi K, Kobayashi H, Maesato M, Hayashi M, Yamamoto T, Yoshioka S, Matsumura S, Sugiyama T, Kawaguchi S, Kubota Y, Nakanishi H, Kitagawa H. Discovery of Hexagonal Structured Pd-B Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6578-6582. [PMID: 28471071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on hexagonal close-packed (hcp) palladium (Pd)-boron (B) nanocrystals (NCs) by heavy B doping into face-centered cubic (fcc) Pd NCs. Scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrated that the B atoms are homogeneously distributed inside the hcp Pd lattice. The large paramagnetic susceptibility of Pd is significantly suppressed in Pd-B NCs in good agreement with the reduction of density of states at Fermi energy suggested by X-ray absorption near-edge structure and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kobayashi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Maesato
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Hayashi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Syo Matsumura
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sugiyama
- Research Center for Synchrotron Light Applications, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Insitute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kubota
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- National Institute of Technology, Akashi College, 679-3 Nishioka, Uozumi, Akashi, Hyogo, 674-8501, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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