1
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Paisidis P, Kokotou MG, Kotali A, Psomas G, Fylaktakidou KC. One-Pot, Multi-Component Green Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Bridgehead Bicyclo[4.4.0]boron Heterocycles and DNA Affinity Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9842. [PMID: 39337330 PMCID: PMC11432172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthranilic acids, salicylaldehydes and arylboronic acids reacted in EtOH/H2O (1/3) at 150 °C under microwave irradiation for 1 h to give, in excellent yields and purity, twenty-three bridgehead bicyclo[4.4.0]boron heterocycles via one-pot, three-component green synthesis. The scope and the limitations of the reactions are discussed in terms of the substitution of ten different anthranilic acids, three salicylaldehydes and three arylboronic acids. The replacement of salicylaldehyde with o-hydroxyacetophenone demanded a lipophilic solvent for the reaction to occur. Eight novel derivatives were isolated following crystallization in a toluene-containing mixture that included molecular sieves. The above one-pot, three-component reactions were completed under microwave irradiation at 180 °C within 1.5 h, thus avoiding the conventional prolonged heating reaction times and the use of a Dean-Stark apparatus. All derivatives were studied for their affinity to calf thymus DNA using proper techniques like viscosity and UV-vis spectroscopy, where DNA-binding constants were found in the range 2.83 × 104-8.41 × 106 M-1. Ethidium bromide replacement studies using fluorescence spectroscopy indicated Stern-Volmer constants between 1.49 × 104 and 5.36 × 104 M-1, whereas the corresponding quenching constants were calculated to be between 6.46 × 1011 and 2.33 × 1012 M-1 s-1. All the above initial experiments show that these compounds may have possible medical applications for DNA-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polinikis Paisidis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Antigoni Kotali
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina C Fylaktakidou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Savickienė V, Bieliauskas A, Belyakov S, Arbačiauskienė E, Šačkus A. Multicomponent Synthesis of New Fluorescent Boron Complexes Derived from 3-Hydroxy-1-phenyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde. Molecules 2024; 29:3432. [PMID: 39065010 PMCID: PMC11279739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel fluorescent pyrazole-containing boron (III) complexes were synthesized employing a one-pot three-component reaction of 3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde, 2-aminobenzenecarboxylic acids, and boronic acids. The structures of the novel heterocyclic compounds were confirmed using 1H-, 13C-, 15N-, 19F-, and 11B-NMR, IR spectroscopy, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The photophysical properties of the obtained iminoboronates were investigated using spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Compounds display main UV-vis absorption maxima in the blue region, and fluorescence emission maxima are observed in the green region of the visible spectrum. It was revealed that compounds exhibit fluorescence quantum yield up to 4.3% in different solvents and demonstrate an aggregation-induced emission enhancement effect in mixed THF-water solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Savickienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Aurimas Bieliauskas
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Sergey Belyakov
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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3
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Swamy MMM, Tsuboi S, Murai Y, Monde K, Jin T. Shortwave-infrared (SWIR) emitting annexin V for high-contrast fluorescence molecular imaging of tumor apoptosis in living mice. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19632-19639. [PMID: 35865555 PMCID: PMC9257772 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging over 1000 nm has attracted much attention for in vivo optical imaging because of the higher signal to background ratios in the SWIR region. For the application of SWIR fluorescence imaging to biomedical fields, the development of SWIR fluorescent molecular probes with high biocompatibility is crucial. Although many researchers have designed a variety of SWIR emitting probes based on organic dyes, the synthesis of biocompatible SWIR fluorescent molecular imaging probes is still challenging. In this work we synthesized indocyanine green (ICG) and π-conjugation extended ICG (ICG-C11) labelled annexin V as SWIR fluorescent probes for tumor apoptosis. Annexin V is an endogenous protein with binding ability to phosphatidylserine (PS) which appears on the outer monolayer of apoptotic cell membranes. Although there are many types of visible and NIR fluorescent annexin V, there are no SWIR emitting fluorescent probes that can be used for high contrast fluorescence imaging of apoptosis in vivo. Herein, we report the synthesis and application of ICG and ICG-C11 conjugated annexin V for SWIR fluorescence imaging of tumor apoptosis. The presented fluorescent annexin V is the first SWIR emitting probe for in vivo optical imaging of tumor apoptosis. We demonstrate that SWIR emitting ICG- and ICG-C11 conjugated annexin V enable high-contrast fluorescence imaging of tumor apoptosis in living mice. We further demonstrate that ICG-C11-annexin V can be used for long-term (ca. two weeks) SWIR fluorescence imaging of tumor apoptosis. The SWIR fluorescent annexin V will greatly contribute not only to the study of tumor-apoptosis induced by anti-cancer drugs, but also to the study of apoptosis-related diseases in a living system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadeva M M Swamy
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN Furuedai 6-2-3 Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 11 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Setsuko Tsuboi
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN Furuedai 6-2-3 Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan
| | - Yuta Murai
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN Furuedai 6-2-3 Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 11 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN Furuedai 6-2-3 Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 11 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN Furuedai 6-2-3 Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan
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4
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Istrate A, Geeson MB, Navo CD, Sousa BB, Marques MC, Taylor RJ, Journeaux T, Oehler SR, Mortensen MR, Deery MJ, Bond AD, Corzana F, Jiménez-Osés G, Bernardes GJL. Platform for Orthogonal N-Cysteine-Specific Protein Modification Enabled by Cyclopropenone Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10396-10406. [PMID: 35658467 PMCID: PMC9490850 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein conjugates are valuable tools for studying biological processes or producing therapeutics, such as antibody-drug conjugates. Despite the development of several protein conjugation strategies in recent years, the ability to modify one specific amino acid residue on a protein in the presence of other reactive side chains remains a challenge. We show that monosubstituted cyclopropenone (CPO) reagents react selectively with the 1,2-aminothiol groups of N-terminal cysteine residues to give a stable 1,4-thiazepan-5-one linkage under mild, biocompatible conditions. The CPO-based reagents, all accessible from a common activated ester CPO-pentafluorophenol (CPO-PFP), allow selective modification of N-terminal cysteine-containing peptides and proteins even in the presence of internal, solvent-exposed cysteine residues. This approach enabled the preparation of a dual protein conjugate of 2×cys-GFP, containing both internal and N-terminal cysteine residues, by first modifying the N-terminal residue with a CPO-based reagent followed by modification of the internal cysteine with a traditional cysteine-modifying reagent. CPO-based reagents enabled a copper-free click reaction between two proteins, producing a dimer of a de novo protein mimic of IL2 that binds to the β-IL2 receptor with low nanomolar affinity. Importantly, the reagents are compatible with the common reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT), a useful property for working with proteins prone to dimerization. Finally, quantum mechanical calculations uncover the origin of selectivity for CPO-based reagents for N-terminal cysteine residues. The ability to distinguish and specifically target N-terminal cysteine residues on proteins facilitates the construction of elaborate multilabeled bioconjugates with minimal protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Istrate
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Geeson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio D Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Barbara B Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta C Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ross J Taylor
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Journeaux
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian R Oehler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael R Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Deery
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Mahani M, Karimi-Mazidi P, Khakbaz F, Torkzadeh-Mahani M. Carbon quantum dots-Annexin V probe: photoinduced electron transfer mechanism, phosphatidylserine detection, and apoptotic cell imaging. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:69. [PMID: 35066672 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An annexin V-based probe is designed and fabricated using carbon quantum dot as highly stable and biocompatible fluorescent crystals for real-time fluorescence imaging of apoptotic cells. Carbon quantum dots were synthesized, characterized, and conjugated to annexin V. The fluorescence of CQDs at 450 nm (excitation at 350 nm) is quenched due to the photoinduced electron transfer between "carbon quantum dots" and two amino acids (tyrosine and tryptophan) in the annexin structure as quencher. The probe shows very strong and bright fluorescence emission in the presence of phosphatidylserine on the outer layer of the apoptotic cell membrane. It was shown that using fluorescence spectroscopy, the probe can be applied to sensitive phosphatidylserine determination and using fluorescence microscopy, it is possible to monitor cell apoptosis in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Mahani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, 7631818356, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Parisa Karimi-Mazidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, 7631818356, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faeze Khakbaz
- Department of Nano Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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6
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Tsuboi S, Jin T. In Vitro and In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Antibody-Drug Conjugate-Induced Tumor Apoptosis Using Annexin V-EGFP Conjugated Quantum Dots. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2105-2113. [PMID: 35071899 PMCID: PMC8772308 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are conjugates of a monoclonal antibody and a cytotoxic drug that induce tumor apoptosis. The evaluation of ADC-induced tumor apoptosis is crucial for the development of ADCs for cancer therapy. To evaluate the efficacy of ADCs, we present in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging techniques for ADC-induced tumor apoptosis using annexin V-EGFP (EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein) conjugated quantum dots (annexin V-EGFP-QDs). This probe emits visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) dual fluorescence at 515 nm (EGFP emission) and 850 nm (QD emission), which can be used for the detection of tumor apoptosis at the cellular and whole-body levels. By using annexin V-EGFP-QDs, we achieved VIS and NIR fluorescence imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast tumor apoptosis induced by an ADC, Kadcyla (trastuzumab emtansine). The results show that the in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging of ADC-induced tumor apoptosis using annexin V-EGFP-QDs is a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of ADCs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics
Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics
Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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7
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Baldo S, Antunes P, Felicidade JF, Santos FMF, Arteaga JF, Fernandes F, Pischel U, Pinto SN, Gois PMP. The BASHY Platform Enables the Assembly of a Fluorescent Bortezomib-GV1001 Conjugate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 13:128-133. [PMID: 35059132 PMCID: PMC8762740 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we show that fluorescent boronic-acid derived salicylidenehydrazone complexes (BASHY) can function as fluorescent linkers for bioconjugates that were used to monitor the delivery of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Btz) to HT-29 cancer cells. BASHY complexes were structurally optimized to improve the stability of the complex in buffered conditions (ammonium acetate, pH 7 up to t 1/2 = 40 h), photophysically characterized regarding their fluorescence properties and used in confocal microscopy colocalization studies that revealed their intracellular sequestration by lipid droplets. The accumulation in these hydrophobic organelles limited the hydrolysis of the complex and consequently the drug release, a problem that was circumvented by the conjugation of the BASHY-Btz complex with a cell-penetrating peptide GV1001-C. The conjugate exhibited an improved cytoplasmic availability as confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy studies and an improved potency against HT-29 cancer cells (IC50 = 100 nM) as compared to the nontargeted complex (IC50 = 450 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baldo
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Antunes
- Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB) and Associate Laboratory
i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal,Department
of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - João Falcão Felicidade
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Fábio M. F. Santos
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Jesús F. Arteaga
- CIQSO-Centre
for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB) and Associate Laboratory
i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal,Department
of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Uwe Pischel
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal,CIQSO-Centre
for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain,U.P.: email,
| | - Sandra N. Pinto
- Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB) and Associate Laboratory
i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal,Department
of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal,S.N.P.: email,
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal,P.M.P.G.: phone, +351 217
946 400 (321); email, ,
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8
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Pinto MV, Santos FMF, Barros C, Ribeiro AR, Pischel U, Gois PMP, Fernandes A. BASHY Dye Platform Enables the Fluorescence Bioimaging of Myelin Debris Phagocytosis by Microglia during Demyelination. Cells 2021; 10:3163. [PMID: 34831386 PMCID: PMC8620345 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by the presence of demyelinated regions with accumulated myelin lipid debris. Importantly, to allow effective remyelination, such debris must be cleared by microglia. Therefore, the study of microglial activity with sensitive tools is of great interest to better monitor the MS clinical course. Using a boronic acid-based (BASHY) fluorophore, specific for nonpolar lipid aggregates, we aimed to address BASHY's ability to label nonpolar myelin debris and image myelin clearance in the context of demyelination. Demyelinated ex vivo organotypic cultures (OCSCs) and primary microglia cells were immunostained to evaluate BASHY's co-localization with myelin debris and also to evaluate BASHY's specificity for phagocytosing cells. Additionally, mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were injected with BASHY and posteriorly analyzed to evaluate BASHY+ microglia within demyelinated lesions. Indeed, in our in vitro and ex vivo studies, we showed a significant increase in BASHY labeling in demyelinated OCSCs, mostly co-localized with Iba1-expressing amoeboid/phagocytic microglia. Most importantly, BASHY's presence was also found within demyelinated areas of EAE mice, essentially co-localizing with lesion-associated Iba1+ cells, evidencing BASHY's potential for the in vivo bioimaging of myelin clearance and myelin-carrying microglia in regions of active demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Fábio M. F. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Catarina Barros
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Ana Rita Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO (Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible)—Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Georgiev NI, Bryaskova RG, Ismail SR, Philipova ND, Uzunova VP, Bakov VV, Tzoneva RD, Bojinov VB. Aggregation induced emission in 1,8-naphthalimide embedded nanomicellar architecture as a platform for fluorescent ratiometric pH-probe with biomedical applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Tsuboi S, Jin T. Dual-colour (near-infrared/visible) emitting annexin V for fluorescence imaging of tumour cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38244-38250. [PMID: 35517522 PMCID: PMC9057337 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) labelled recombinant annexin V proteins (ICG-EGFP-Annexin V and ICG-mPlum-Annexin V) were synthesized for dual-colour fluorescence imaging of tumour cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The ICG-labelled fluorescent annexin V proteins showed dual (near-infrared and visible) fluorescence emissions with binding ability to phosphatidylserines on the plasma membranes of apoptotic cells. Although several types of fluorescence labelled annexin V (e.g. FITC-annexin V, Cy3- and Cy5-annexin V) have been reported, there are no dual-colour (near-infrared/visible) emitting apoptosis-detection probes which can be used in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, the utilities of the dual-colour fluorescent annexin V are demonstrated for in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging of the apoptosis of human breast tumour cells induced by an antibody-drug conjugate, Kadcyla. The results suggest that the present annexin V probes will be useful to visualize the action of anti-cancer drugs against tumours both at the cellular and whole-body level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) RIKEN Furuedai 6-2-3 Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) RIKEN Furuedai 6-2-3 Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Yamada-oka 1-3 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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11
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Santos FMF, Domínguez Z, Fernandes JPL, Parente Carvalho C, Collado D, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Pinto MV, Fernandes A, Arteaga JF, Pischel U, Gois PMP. Cyanine-Like Boronic Acid-Derived Salicylidenehydrazone Complexes (Cy-BASHY) for Bioimaging Applications. Chemistry 2020; 26:14064-14069. [PMID: 32449571 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Boronic acid-derived salicylidenehydrazone complex (BASHY) dyes with a polymethine backbone were designed to yield efficient red-emitting and two-photon absorbing fluorophores that can be used as markers for astrocytes. The dyes are chemically stable in aqueous solution and do not undergo photodecomposition. Their photophysical properties can be electronically fine-tuned and thereby adapted to potentially different imaging situations and requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M F Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboba), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zoe Domínguez
- CIQSO-Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of, Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - João P L Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboba), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Parente Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboba), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel Collado
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Málaga IBIMA, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, BIONAND Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Málaga IBIMA, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, BIONAND Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria V Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboba), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboba), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jesús F Arteaga
- CIQSO-Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of, Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Uwe Pischel
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboba), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.,CIQSO-Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of, Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboba), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Jiang T, Wang X, Wang G, Wang Y, Wang K, Xuan X, Chen C, Jiang K, Zhang H. Light-activated "cycle-reversible intramolecular charge transfer" fluorescent probe: monitoring of pHi trace change induced by UV light in programmed cell death. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5279-5282. [PMID: 30993268 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Under the synergistic effects of protonation and deprotonation, a light-activated fluorescent probe (UV-SP) exhibited "cycle-reversible intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)" for different pH after activation by UV light, resulting in emission of multiple ratio fluorescent signals (FI563/FI595 and FI664/FI595). Based on these kinds of response signals, UV-SP can specifically monitor the cycle-reversible trace change of intracellular pH caused by UV radiation. More importantly, according to the stable and invariant multiple ratio fluorescent signals, UV-SP can sort cells entering programmed death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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13
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Georgiev NI, Bakov VV, Bojinov VB. A Solid‐State‐Emissive 1,8‐Naphthalimide Probe Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Aggregation‐Induced Emission. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I. Georgiev
- Department of Organic SynthesisUniversity of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str. 1756 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Ventsislav V. Bakov
- Department of Organic SynthesisUniversity of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str. 1756 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir B. Bojinov
- Department of Organic SynthesisUniversity of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str. 1756 Sofia Bulgaria
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14
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António JPM, Russo R, Carvalho CP, Cal PMSD, Gois PMP. Boronic acids as building blocks for the construction of therapeutically useful bioconjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3513-3536. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00184k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes boronic acid's contribution to the development of bioconjugates with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in the construction and function of the bioconjugate, namely as a bioconjugation warhead, as a payload and as part of a bioconjugate linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P. M. António
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Roberto Russo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Cátia Parente Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Pedro M. S. D. Cal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular
- Faculty of Medicine
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
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15
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Jiménez VG, Santos FMF, Castro-Fernández S, Cuerva JM, Gois PMP, Pischel U, Campaña AG. Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Boronic Acid-Derived Salicylidenehydrazone Complexes Containing Chiral Boron as Stereogenic Unit. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14057-14062. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente G. Jiménez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fábio M. F. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia Castro-Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO−Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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16
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Santos FMF, Domínguez Z, Alcaide MM, Matos AI, Florindo HF, Candeias NR, Gois PMP, Pischel U. Highly Efficient Energy Transfer Cassettes by Assembly of Boronic Acid Derived Salicylidenehydrazone Complexes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. F. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 1649-003 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Zoe Domínguez
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Huelva Campus de El Carmen s/n E-21071 Huelva Spain
| | - María M. Alcaide
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Huelva Campus de El Carmen s/n E-21071 Huelva Spain
- Institute for Chemical Research (CSIC-US) Av. Américo Vespucio 49 E-41092 Seville Spain
| | - Ana I. Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 1649-003 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 1649-003 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Nuno R. Candeias
- Laboratory of Chemistry and BioengineeringTampere University of Technology Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 1649-003 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Huelva Campus de El Carmen s/n E-21071 Huelva Spain
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17
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Zegota MM, Wang T, Seidler C, Wah Ng DY, Kuan SL, Weil T. "Tag and Modify" Protein Conjugation with Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2665-2670. [PMID: 29949347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of small protein tags that exhibit bioorthogonality, bond stability, and reversibility, as well as biocompatibility, holds great promise for applications in cellular environments enabling controlled drug delivery or for the construction of dynamic protein complexes in biological environments. Herein, we report the first application of dynamic covalent chemistry both for purification and for reversible assembly of protein conjugates using interactions of boronic acid with diols and salicylhydroxamates. Incorporation of the boronic acid (BA) tag was performed in a site-selective fashion by applying disulfide rebridging strategy. As an example, a model protein enzyme (lysozyme) was modified with the BA tag and purified using carbohydrate-based column chromatography. Subsequent dynamic covalent "click-like" bioconjugation with a salicylhydroxamate modified fluorescent dye (BODIPY FL) was accomplished while retaining its original enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Marek Zegota
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany.,School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Christiane Seidler
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - David Yuen Wah Ng
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
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18
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Hugelshofer CL, Palani V, Sarpong R. Oxazaborinines from Vinylogous N-Allylic Amides: Reactivities of Underexplored Heterocyclic Building Blocks. Org Lett 2018; 20:2649-2653. [PMID: 29667837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Access to a new class of oxazaborinines using an efficient transition-metal-catalyzed rearrangement is demonstrated. The method overcomes the synthetic challenge of achieving an aza-Claisen rearrangement of vinylogous N-allylic amide substrates, giving rise to a variety of highly modifiable oxazaborinine products. An investigation of the unique reactivity of these boron-based heterocycles has unveiled their underexplored potential as valuable building blocks and intermediates for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric L Hugelshofer
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Vignesh Palani
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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19
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Alcaide MM, Santos FMF, Pais VF, Carvalho JI, Collado D, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Arteaga JF, Boscá F, Gois PMP, Pischel U. Electronic and Functional Scope of Boronic Acid Derived Salicylidenehydrazone (BASHY) Complexes as Fluorescent Dyes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7151-7158. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María M. Alcaide
- CIQSO
− Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Fabio M. F. Santos
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-276 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia F. Pais
- CIQSO
− Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Joana Inês Carvalho
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-276 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Collado
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Campus Teatinos
s/n, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian
Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology − BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, E-29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Campus Teatinos
s/n, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian
Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology − BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, E-29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús F. Arteaga
- CIQSO
− Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Francisco Boscá
- Institute
of Chemical Technology (CSIC-UPV), Polytechnical University of Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-276 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO
− Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
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20
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Zhang L, Shen S, Liu Z, Ji M. Label-Free, Quantitative Imaging of MoS2
-Nanosheets in Live Cells with Simultaneous Stimulated Raman Scattering and Transient Absorption Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700013. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Sida Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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