1
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Gor GY, Kolesnikov AL. What Drives Deformation of Smart Nanoporous Materials During Adsorption and Electrosorption? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15949-15956. [PMID: 39037749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous solids have high surface area, so processes at the surface affect the sample as a whole. When guest species adsorb in nanopores, be they molecules adsorbing from the gas phase, or ions adsorbing from solution, they cause material deformation. While often undesired, adsorption- or electrosorption-induced deformation provides a potential for nanoporous materials to be used as actuators. Progress in this direction requires understanding the mechanisms of adsorption- or electrosorption-induced deformation. These two processes are rarely discussed together, and this Perspective aims to fill this gap to some extent, focusing on driving forces for both processes. Typically the main driving force for both is the solvation (disjoining) pressure, acting normally to the pore walls. However, in some cases, solvation pressure is not sufficient to describe the effects even qualitatively. We highlight examples in which the surface stress acting along the solid surface is an additional driving force for deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Y Gor
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andrei L Kolesnikov
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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2
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Hua L, Shomali A, Zhang C, Coasne B, Derome D, Carmeliet J. Anisotropic Deformation in a Polymer Slab Subjected to Fluid Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4382-4391. [PMID: 38349330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous adsorbents can mechanically swell or shrink once upon the accumulation of guest fluid molecules at their internal surfaces or in their cavities. Existing theories in this field attribute such sorption-induced swelling to a tensile force, while shrinkage is always associated with a contractive force. In this study, however, we propose that the sorption-induced deformation of a porous architecture is not solely dictated by the stress conditions but can also be largely influenced by its mechanical anisotropy. In more detail, the sorption-induced deformation of a polymeric slab is investigated using a hybrid molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo algorithm. When subjected to water loading, the slab is found to swell along its normal direction and display an overall positive volumetric strain. Moreover, the surface roughness is enhanced as a response to the surface energy decrease induced by the water covering the slab external surface. Unexpectedly, the in-plane deformation of the slab material seems to be highly constrained, so that it is far below its normal counterpart. This anisotropy is enhanced when the slab thickness decreases. With a thickness of around 1.35 nm, an in-plane shrinkage is observed throughout the entire hygroscopic range. A theoretical analysis based on a poromechanical model suggests that the anisotropic mechanical properties, which are common for a slab material, are the essence of the constrained in-plane swelling or even shrinkage under the isotropic sorption-induced tensile forces. This study, unveiling overlooked mechanisms of sorption-induced shrinkage in mechanically anisotropic materials, provides new insights into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingji Hua
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich), Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ali Shomali
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich), Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Chi Zhang
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich), Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Coasne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble F-38000, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble F-38042, France
| | - Dominique Derome
- Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Québec, Canada
| | - Jan Carmeliet
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich), Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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3
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Udupa A, Mohanty DP, Sugihara T, Mann JB, Latanision RM, Chandrasekar S. Surface stress can initiate environment-assisted fracture in metals. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L023002. [PMID: 38491645 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Controlling environmental effects in surface plasticity/fracture of metals is of interest for areas as diverse as manufacturing processes, product performance, and structural safety. The key to controlling these effects is understanding the effect of adsorbates on surface energy (γ) and surface stress (f). While γ has been well studied, the role of surface stress has received much less attention. We characterize surface stress induced in metals by adsorption of organic monolayers. Linear alkanoic acids of varying chain length (3-18) are deposited by molecular self-assembly onto one side of an aluminum cantilever, several centimeters in length. The surface stress is estimated from in situ measurement of the cantilever deflection. We find that the organic adsorbates induce large surface stress of -4 to +30N/m. Furthermore, we show that f may be tuned by varying adsorbate-molecule chain length. The stress data explain beneficial embrittlement of metal surfaces by organic adsorbates in cutting and comminution processes, and point to a critical role, hitherto ignored, for f in environment assisted cracking (EAC) phenomena. Our results suggest opportunities for utilizing controlled environment-assisted fracture as an aid-fracture as a friend-to enhance material removal processes, apart from using surface stress itself as an experimental probe to explore various manifestations of EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Udupa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Debapriya Pinaki Mohanty
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
| | - Tatsuya Sugihara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - James B Mann
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
| | - Ronald M Latanision
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Exponent Inc., Natick, Massachusetts 01760, USA
- College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chandrasekar
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
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4
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Li X, Huang C, Wang K, Qi L, Zhang C, Zhang M, Xue Y, Cui Y, Li Y. Alkyne-to-alkene conversion in graphdiyne driving instant reversible deformation of whole carbon film. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1690. [PMID: 37801501 PMCID: PMC10558119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The emerging field of soft robotics demands the core actuators and related responsive functional materials with rapid responsiveness and controllable accurate deformation. Here, we developed an alkyne-to-alkene chemical bond conversion way as the driving force to control ultrasensitive and instant reversible deformation of 2D carbon graphdiyne (GDY) film with an asymmetric interface design. The alkyne-to-alkene chemical bond conversion was triggered by acetone through the fast binding and release process. The as-fabricated GDY-based deformation modulator was exhibited to rapidly change shape (within 0.15 seconds) while dipped in an acetone vapor atmosphere and recover to its original form when exposed to air (recovery time < 0.01 seconds), with outstanding properties like large curvature, quick recovery time, excellent stability, and repeatability. It could mimic the movement of mosquito larvae, displaying great promise as micro bionic soft robots. Our results suggest alkyne-to-alkene bond conversion as a unique driving force for developing smart materials for areas like intelligent robotics and bionics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Changshui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Lu Qi
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 250100, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi Dong Road, 071002 Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, P.R. China
| | - Yurui Xue
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 250100, P.R. China
| | - Yanguang Cui
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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5
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Emelianova A, Balzer C, Reichenauer G, Gor GY. Adsorption-Induced Deformation of Zeolites 4A and 13X: Experimental and Molecular Simulation Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11388-11397. [PMID: 37539945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Gas adsorption in zeolites leads to adsorption-induced deformation, which can significantly affect the adsorption and diffusive properties of the system. In this study, we conducted both experimental investigations and molecular simulations to understand the deformation of zeolites 13X and 4A during carbon dioxide adsorption at 273 K. To measure the sample's adsorption isotherm and strain simultaneously, we used a commercial sorption instrument with a custom-made sample holder equipped with a dilatometer. Our experimental data showed that while the zeolites 13X and 4A exhibited similar adsorption isotherms, their strain isotherms differed significantly. To gain more insight into the adsorption process and adsorption-induced deformation of these zeolites, we employed coupled Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations with atomistically detailed models of the frameworks. Our modeling results were consistent with the experimental data and helped us identify the reasons behind the different deformation behaviors of the considered structures. Our study also revealed the sensitivity of the strain isotherm of zeolites to pore size and other structural and energetic features, suggesting that measuring adsorption-induced deformation could serve as a complementary method for material characterization and provide guidelines for related technical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Emelianova
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Christian Balzer
- Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Gudrun Reichenauer
- Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Gennady Y Gor
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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6
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Sokolov SE, Volkov VV. High Pressures Gas Adsorption in Porous Media and Polymeric Membrane Materials. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751622070022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Topologically-imposed vacancies and mobile solid 3He on carbon nanotube. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5873. [PMID: 36198680 PMCID: PMC9534923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dimensional fermionic quantum systems are exceptionally interesting because they reveal distinctive physical phenomena, including among others, topologically protected excitations, edge states, frustration, and fractionalization. Our aim was to confine 3He on a suspended carbon nanotube to form 2-dimensional Fermi-system. Here we report our measurements of the mechanical resonance of the nanotube with adsorbed sub-monolayer down to 10 mK. At intermediate coverages we have observed the famous 1/3 commensurate solid. However, at larger monolayer densities we have observed a quantum phase transition from 1/3 solid to an unknown, soft, and mobile solid phase. We interpret this mobile solid phase as a bosonic commensurate crystal consisting of helium dimers with topologically-induced zero-point vacancies which are delocalized at low temperatures. We thus demonstrate that 3He on a nanotube merges both fermionic and bosonic phenomena, with a quantum phase transition between fermionic solid 1/3 phase and the observed bosonic dimer solid. Probing fundamental quantum systems and their phase change is interesting. Here the authors demonstrate the existence of mobile quantum solid phase composed of dimerized 3He atoms and topology-induced vacancies using 3He adsorbed on carbon nanotube.
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8
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Bi S, Li M, Liang Z, Li G, Yu G, Zhang J, Chen C, Yang C, Xue C, Zuo YY, Sun B. Self-assembled aluminum oxyhydroxide nanorices with superior suspension stability for vaccine adjuvant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:238-246. [PMID: 35849857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The suspension stability of aluminum-based adjuvant (Alum) plays an important role in determining the Alum-antigen interaction and vaccine efficacy. Inclusion of excipients has been shown to stabilize antigens in vaccine formulations. However, there is no mechanistic study to tune the characteristics of Alum for improved suspension stability. Herein, a library of self-assembled rice-shaped aluminum oxyhydroxide nanoadjuvants i.e., nanorices (NRs), was synthesized through intrinsically controlled crystallization and atomic coupling-mediated aggregations. The NRs exhibited superior suspension stability in both water and a saline buffer. After adsorbing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) virus-like particles (VLPs), human papillomavirus virus (HPV) VLPs, or bovine serum albumin, NR-antigen complexes exhibited less sedimentation. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that the improved suspension stability was due to intraparticle aggregations that led to the reduction of the surface free energy. By using HBsAg in a murine vaccination model, NRs with higher aspect ratios elicited more potent humoral immune responses. Our study demonstrated that engineered control of particle aggregation provides a novel material design strategy to improve suspension stability for a diversity of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Guangle Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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9
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Muedi KL, Masindi V, Maree JP, Haneklaus N, Brink HG. Effective Adsorption of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution Using Fe/Al Di-Metal Nanostructured Composite Synthesised from Fe(III) and Al(III) Recovered from Real Acid Mine Drainage. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050776. [PMID: 35269263 PMCID: PMC8911895 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first known exploration of Congo red dye (CR) adsorption by a polycationic Fe/Al Di-metal nanostructured composite (PDFe/Al) synthesised using Fe(III) and Al(III) recovered from authentic acid mine drainage (AMD). The PDFe/Al successfully removed CR from the aqueous solution. The mineralogical, microstructural, and chemical properties of the synthesised PDFe/Al adsorbent (before and after adsorption) were studied using state-of-the-art analytical instruments. The optimum conditions were observed to be 100 mg·L−1 CR, 1 g of the PDFe/Al in 500 mL adsorbate solution, 20 min of shaking, pH = 3–8, and a temperature of 35 °C. At optimised conditions, the PDFe/Al showed ≥99% removal efficacy for CR dye and an exceptionally high Langmuir adsorption capacity of 411 mg·g−1. Furthermore, a diffusion-limited adsorption mechanism was observed, with two distinct surfaces involved in the adsorption of CR from an aqueous solution. It was determined that the adsorption of CR induced internal strain and deformation within the matrices and interlayers of the PDFe/Al which resulted in a marked increase in the adsorbent pore surface area and pore volume. The remarkably high adsorption capacity could be attributed to the high surface area. A regeneration study showed that the adsorbent could be reused more than four times for the adsorption of CR. The findings from this study demonstrated the feasibility of recovering valuable minerals from toxic and hazardous AMD and demonstrated their potential for the treatment of industrial wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khathutshelo Lilith Muedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Vhahangwele Masindi
- Magalies Water, Scientific Services, Research & Development Division, Erf 3475, Stoffberg Street, Brits 0250, South Africa;
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), P.O. Box 392, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | | | - Nils Haneklaus
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
- Td Lab Sustainable Mineral Resources, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Hendrik Gideon Brink
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-84-206-8338
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10
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Udupa A, Sugihara T, Viswanathan K, Latanision RM, Chandrasekar S. Surface-Stress Induced Embrittlement of Metals. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9502-9508. [PMID: 34726060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environment-assisted fracture phenomena in metals are usually associated with surface energy reduction due to an adsorbed film. Here we demonstrate a unique embrittlement effect in Al that is instead mediated by surface stress, induced by an adsorbed organic monolayer. Atomistic simulations show that the adsorbate carbon-chain length lc controls the surface stress via van der Waals forces, being compressive for lc < 8 and tensile otherwise. For lc > 8, we demonstrate experimentally that the nanoscale film causes a ductile-to-brittle transition on the macroscale. Concomitant with this transition is a nearly 85% reduction in deformation forces. Additional simulations reveal that the microscopic mechanism for the embrittlement is via suppression of dislocation emission at incipient crack-tips. In addition to challenging long-held views on environment-assisted fracture, our findings pertaining to surface-stress induced embrittlement suggest profitable utility in manufacturing processes such as machining and comminution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Udupa
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Tatsuya Sugihara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koushik Viswanathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ronald M Latanision
- Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Exponent Inc., Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Srinivasan Chandrasekar
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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11
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Kolesnikov AL, Budkov YA, Gor GY. Models of adsorption-induced deformation: ordered materials and beyond. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:063002. [PMID: 34666316 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-induced deformation is a change in geometrical dimensions of an adsorbent material caused by gas or liquid adsorption on its surface. This phenomenon is universal and sensitive to adsorbent properties, which makes its prediction a challenging task. However, the pure academic interest is complemented by its importance in a number of engineering applications with porous materials characterization among them. Similar to classical adsorption-based characterization methods, the deformation-based ones rely on the quality of the underlying theoretical framework. This fact stimulates the recent development of qualitative and quantitative models toward the more detailed description of a solid material, e.g. account of non-convex and corrugated pores, calculations of adsorption stress in realistic three-dimension solid structures, the extension of the existing models to new geometries, etc. The present review focuses on the theoretical description of adsorption-induced deformation in micro and mesoporous materials. We are aiming to cover recent theoretical works describing the deformation of both ordered and disordered porous bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kolesnikov
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V., Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu A Budkov
- School of Applied Mathematics, Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, HSE University, Tallinskaya St. 34, 123458 Moscow, Russia
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academicheskaya St. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - G Y Gor
- Otto H. York Department Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, United States of America
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12
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Soper AK, Bowron DT. Adsorption of simple gases into the porous glass MCM-41. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:184503. [PMID: 34241004 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The porous glass MCM-41 is an important adsorbent to study the process of adsorption of gases onto a cylindrical surface. In this work, we study the adsorption of oxygen, nitrogen, deuterium, and deuteriated methane gases into MCM-41 using a combination of neutron diffraction analysis and atomistic computer modeling to interpret the measured data. Adsorption is achieved by immersing a sample of MCM-41 in a bath of the relevant gas, keeping the gas pressure constant (0.1 MPa), and lowering the temperature in steps toward the corresponding bulk liquid boiling point. All four gases have closely analogous behaviors, with an initial layering of liquid on the inside surface of the pores, followed by a relatively sharp capillary condensation (CC) when the pore becomes filled with dense fluid, signaled by a sharp decrease in the intensity of (100) Bragg diffraction reflection. At the temperature of CC, there is a marked distortion of the hexagonal lattice of pores, as others have seen, which relaxes close to the original structure after CC, and this appears to be accompanied by notable excess heterogeneity along the pore compared to when CC is complete. In none of the four gases studied does the final density of fluid in the pore fully attain the value of the bulk liquid at its boiling point at this pressure, although it does approach that limit closely near the center of the pore, and in all cases, the pronounced layering near the silica interface seen in previous studies is observed here as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan K Soper
- ISIS Facility, UKRI-STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T Bowron
- ISIS Facility, UKRI-STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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13
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Sugihara T, Udupa A, Viswanathan K, Davis JM, Chandrasekar S. Organic monolayers disrupt plastic flow in metals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/51/eabc8900. [PMID: 33328232 PMCID: PMC7744067 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adsorbed films often influence mechanical behavior of surfaces, leading to well-known mechanochemical phenomena such as liquid metal embrittlement and environment-assisted cracking. Here, we demonstrate a mechanochemical phenomenon wherein adsorbed long-chain organic monolayers disrupt large-strain plastic deformation in metals. Using high-speed in situ imaging and post facto analysis, we show that the monolayers induce a ductile-to-brittle transition. Sinuous flow, characteristic of ductile metals, gives way to quasi-periodic fracture, typical of brittle materials, with 85% reduction in deformation forces. By independently varying surface energy and molecule chain length via molecular self-assembly, we argue that this "embrittlement" is driven by adsorbate-induced surface stress, as against surface energy reduction. Our observations, backed by modeling and molecular simulations, could provide a basis for explaining diverse mechanochemical phenomena in solids. The results also have implications for manufacturing processes such as machining and comminution, and wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sugihara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Anirudh Udupa
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2023, USA
| | - Koushik Viswanathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jason M Davis
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2023, USA
- Special Warfare and Expeditionary Systems Department, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division, Crane, IN 47552, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chandrasekar
- Center for Materials Processing and Tribology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2023, USA.
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Kolesnikov AL, Budkov YA, Gor GY. Adsorption-induced deformation of mesoporous materials with corrugated cylindrical pores. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:194703. [PMID: 33218228 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous materials play an important role both in engineering applications and in fundamental research of confined fluids. Adsorption goes hand in hand with the deformation of the absorbent, which has positive and negative sides. It can cause sample aging or can be used in sensing technology. Here, we report the theoretical study of adsorption-induced deformation of the model mesoporous material with ordered corrugated cylindrical pores. Using the classical density functional theory in the local density approximation, we compared the solvation pressure in corrugated and cylindrical pores for nitrogen at sub- and super-critical temperatures. Our results demonstrate qualitative differences between solvation pressures in the two geometries at sub-critical temperatures. The deviations are attributed to the formation of liquid bridges in corrugated pores. However, at super-critical temperatures, there is no abrupt bridge formation and corrugation does not qualitatively change solvation pressure isotherms. We believe that these results could help in the analysis of an adsorption-induced deformation of the materials with distorted pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kolesnikov
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V., Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu A Budkov
- School of Applied Mathematics, Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Tallinskaya St. 34, 123458 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Y Gor
- Otto H. York Department Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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15
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Chen M, Coasne B, Guyer R, Derome D, Carmeliet J. A Poromechanical Model for Sorption Hysteresis in Nanoporous Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8690-8703. [PMID: 32866389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sorption hysteresis in nanoporous polymer is an intriguing phenomenon that involves coupling between sorption and deformation. Based on the mechanism revealed at the microscopic level by use of molecular simulation, a poromechanical model is developed capturing all relevant physics and yielding a quantitative description. In this model, the coupling between sorption and deformation is described by a poromechanics framework. More in detail, an upscaling process from the molecular mechanism is implemented to model the hysteresis through the state change of each element upon deformation. We provide two solutions of the model: a numerical one based on the finite element method and an analytical one based on uniform strain assumption. The results from both solutions agree well with the molecular simulation and experimental results, therefore capturing and describing adequately sorption hysteresis. The developed model illustrates that water forms different structural distributions upon adsorption and desorption. A parametric study shows that sorption hysteresis is influenced by material properties. We find that a softer material with stronger adsorbent-adsorbate interaction tends to exhibit more profound sorption hysteresis. The developed model, which relies on the concepts of sorption-deformation coupling and multiscale modeling from atomistic simulations to domain dependent theory, paves the way for a new direction of modeling sorption hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Coasne
- CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Robert Guyer
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Dominique Derome
- Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Jan Carmeliet
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Bossert M, Grosman A, Trimaille I, Noûs C, Rolley E. Stress or Strain Does Not Impact Sorption in Stiff Mesoporous Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11054-11060. [PMID: 32841029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present paper investigates strain-induced sorption in mesoporous silicon. Contrarily to a previous report based on indirect evidence, we find that external mechanical strain or stress has no measurable impact on sorption isotherms, down to a relative accuracy of 10-3. This conclusion is in agreement with the analysis of the sorption-induced strain of porous silicon and holds for other stiff mesoporous materials such as porous silicas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bossert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Grosman
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - I Trimaille
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Noûs
- Laboratoire Cogitamus, 1 3/4 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Rolley
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
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17
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Krause S, Hosono N, Kitagawa S. Chemistry of Soft Porous Crystals: Structural Dynamics and Gas Adsorption Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15325-15341. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krause
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Nobuhiko Hosono
- Department of Advanced Materials Science Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Susumu Kitagawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University, Ushinomiya, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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18
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Krause S, Hosono N, Kitagawa S. Die Chemie verformbarer poröser Kristalle – Strukturdynamik und Gasadsorptionseigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krause
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
| | - Nobuhiko Hosono
- Department of Advanced Materials Science Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Susumu Kitagawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University, Ushinomiya, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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19
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Chen M, Coasne B, Guyer R, Derome D, Carmeliet J. Molecular Simulation of Sorption-Induced Deformation in Atomistic Nanoporous Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7751-7758. [PMID: 31117732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An atomistic slit pore model is built to study the sorption-induced deformation of nanoporous materials with the help of molecular simulation. Both sorption and strain isotherms are determined to probe the anisotropic deformation behavior induced upon molecular adsorption. A detailed analysis shows that the driving microscopic mechanisms at different sorption stages are different. At high relative pressure, as expected from the classical macroscopic picture, the pore deformation is governed by the Laplace pressure as the pore gets filled with liquid because of capillary condensation. In such situation, the strain in normal and longitudinal directions can be predicted from the stiffness modulus in the corresponding direction. At low pressure, when liquid films are adsorbed at the pore surfaces and separated by the vapor phase, the strain is driven by the attractive solid-fluid forces and in-plane pressure within the film, and the deformation is confined in the direction parallel to the film-solid interface. Because of the interplay of the two factors, the strain changes from shrinkage to expansion upon increase of pressure. Analysis of isosteric heat of adsorption shows that the contribution arising from the deformation is small compared to the sorption contribution, which indicates that the influence of deformation on the sorption process is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , HIB E13 Stefano-Franscini-Platz 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Benoit Coasne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy , 140 Avenue de la physique , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Robert Guyer
- Department of Physics , University of Nevada , 1664 N. Virginia Street , 89557 Reno , Nevada , United States
| | - Dominique Derome
- Laboratory for Multiscale Studies in Building Physics-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Ueberlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Duebendorf , Switzerland
| | - Jan Carmeliet
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , HIB E13 Stefano-Franscini-Platz 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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20
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Force-driven reversible liquid-gas phase transition mediated by elastic nanosponges. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2559. [PMID: 31209212 PMCID: PMC6572794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-confined spaces in nanoporous materials enable anomalous physicochemical phenomena. While most nanoporous materials including metal-organic frameworks are mechanically hard, graphene-based nanoporous materials possess significant elasticity and behave as nanosponges that enable the force-driven liquid–gas phase transition of guest molecules. In this work, we demonstrate force-driven liquid–gas phase transition mediated by nanosponges, which may be suitable in high-efficiency heat management. Compression and free-expansion of the nanosponge afford cooling upon evaporation and heating upon condensation, respectively, which are opposite to the force-driven solid–solid phase transition in shape-memory metals. The present mechanism can be applied to green refrigerants such as H2O and alcohols, and the available latent heat is at least as high as 192 kJ kg−1. Cooling systems using such nanosponges can potentially achieve high coefficients of performance by decreasing the Young’s modulus of the nanosponge. Conventional cooling systems rely on environmentally harmful halocarbons, while alternatives based on solid–solid transitions do not reach the required performance. Here the authors demonstrate using water and alcohol as refrigerants, through their confinement in nanosponges and their release by mechanical pressure.
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21
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22
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Kolesnikov AL, Georgi N, Budkov YA, Möllmer J, Hofmann J, Adolphs J, Gläser R. Effects of Enhanced Flexibility and Pore Size Distribution on Adsorption-Induced Deformation of Mesoporous Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7575-7584. [PMID: 29792800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a new model of adsorption-induced deformation of mesoporous solids. The model is based on a simplified version of local density functional theory in the framework of solvation free energy. Instead of density, which is treated as constant here, we used film thickness and pore radius as order parameters. This allows us to obtain a self-consistent system of equations describing simultaneously the processes of gas adsorption and adsorbent deformation, as well as conditions for capillary condensation and evaporation. In the limit of infinitely rigid pore walls, when the film becomes several monolayers thick, the model reduces to the well-known Derjaguin-Broekhoff-de Boer theory for pores with cylindrical geometry. We have investigated the effects of enhanced flexibility of the solid as well as the influence of pore size distribution on the adsorption/deformation process. The formulation of the theory allows to determine the average pore size and its width from the desorption branch of the strain isotherm only. The model reproduces the nonmonotonic behavior of the strain isotherm at low relative pressure. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of rigidity of the adsorbent on the pore size distribution, showing qualitatively different results of the adsorption isotherms for rigid and highly flexible materials, in particular, the shift of evaporation pressure to lower values and the absence of a limiting value of the loading at high relative pressure. We also discuss the results of the theory with respect to experimental data obtained from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kolesnikov
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V. , Permoserstr. 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
- Porotec GmbH , Niederhofheimer Str. 55A , 65719 Hofheim am Taunus , Germany
| | - N Georgi
- GMBU , Erich-Neuß-Weg 5 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Yu A Budkov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Akademicheskaya Street 1 , 153045 Ivanovo , Russia
- Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, School of Applied Mathematics , National Research University Higher School of Economics , 34 Tallinskaya Ulitsa , 123458 Moscow , Russia
| | - J Möllmer
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V. , Permoserstr. 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - J Hofmann
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V. , Permoserstr. 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - J Adolphs
- Porotec GmbH , Niederhofheimer Str. 55A , 65719 Hofheim am Taunus , Germany
| | - R Gläser
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V. , Permoserstr. 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
- Institut für Technische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
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23
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Balzer C, Waag AM, Gehret S, Reichenauer G, Putz F, Hüsing N, Paris O, Bernstein N, Gor GY, Neimark AV. Adsorption-Induced Deformation of Hierarchically Structured Mesoporous Silica-Effect of Pore-Level Anisotropy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5592-5602. [PMID: 28547995 PMCID: PMC5484557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to understand adsorption-induced deformation of hierarchically structured porous silica exhibiting well-defined cylindrical mesopores. For this purpose, we performed an in situ dilatometry measurement on a calcined and sintered monolithic silica sample during the adsorption of N2 at 77 K. To analyze the experimental data, we extended the adsorption stress model to account for the anisotropy of cylindrical mesopores, i.e., we explicitly derived the adsorption stress tensor components in the axial and radial direction of the pore. For quantitative predictions of stresses and strains, we applied the theoretical framework of Derjaguin, Broekhoff, and de Boer for adsorption in mesopores and two mechanical models of silica rods with axially aligned pore channels: an idealized cylindrical tube model, which can be described analytically, and an ordered hexagonal array of cylindrical mesopores, whose mechanical response to adsorption stress was evaluated by 3D finite element calculations. The adsorption-induced strains predicted by both mechanical models are in good quantitative agreement making the cylindrical tube the preferable model for adsorption-induced strains due to its simple analytical nature. The theoretical results are compared with the in situ dilatometry data on a hierarchically structured silica monolith composed by a network of mesoporous struts of MCM-41 type morphology. Analyzing the experimental adsorption and strain data with the proposed theoretical framework, we find the adsorption-induced deformation of the monolithic sample being reasonably described by a superposition of axial and radial strains calculated on the mesopore level. The structural and mechanical parameters obtained from the model are in good agreement with expectations from independent measurements and literature, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Balzer
- Bavarian
Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anna M. Waag
- Bavarian
Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gehret
- Bavarian
Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Reichenauer
- Bavarian
Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Putz
- Materials
Chemistry, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicola Hüsing
- Materials
Chemistry, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oskar Paris
- Institute
of Physics, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Noam Bernstein
- Center
for Materials Physics and Technology, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Gennady Y. Gor
- Otto
H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Alexander V. Neimark
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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24
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Schappert K, Pelster R. Experimental method for the determination of adsorption-induced changes of pressure and surface stress in nanopores. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:06LT01. [PMID: 27991423 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa4e7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The change of surface stress is an important quantity characterising the behaviour of nanoporous systems, however, it is difficult to assess experimentally. In this letter we develop and demonstrate an experimental method for the determination of adsorption-induced changes of the surface stress in nanoporous materials. With the aid of ultrasonic measurements we determine the dependence of the adsorbate's longitudinal modulus [Formula: see text] on the adsorption-induced normal pressure, [Formula: see text], which is exerted by the adsorbate on the porous matrix. From this dependence we deduce the normal pressure at saturation, [Formula: see text], and thereby changes of the surface stress [Formula: see text] at the interface between the solid matrix and the liquid adsorbate. For the model system of argon in nanoporous glass (pore radius [Formula: see text] nm) the ultrasonic method reveals a value for [Formula: see text] that is in very good agreement with the theoretical value known for the argon-silica interface. The disclosure of this experimental method and its application on other systems will enable a better understanding of the behaviour of adsorbates in nanoporous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Schappert
- FR Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2 6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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25
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Behr S, Jungblut L, Swain MV, Schneider GA. Shear Strength and Interfacial Toughness Characterization of Sapphire-Epoxy Interfaces for Nacre-Inspired Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27322-27331. [PMID: 27632228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The common tensile lap-shear test for adhesive joints is inappropriate for brittle substrates such as glasses or ceramics where stress intensifications due to clamping and additional bending moments invalidate results. Nevertheless, bonding of glasses and ceramics is still important in display applications for electronics, in safety glass and ballistic armor, for dental braces and restoratives, or in recently developed bioinspired composites. To mechanically characterize adhesive bondings in these fields nonetheless, a novel approach based on the so-called Schwickerath test for dental sintered joints is used. This new method not only matches data from conventional analysis but also uniquely combines the accurate determination of interfacial shear strength and toughness in one simple test. The approach is verified for sapphire-epoxy joints that are of interest for bioinspired composites. For these, the procedure not only provides quantitative interfacial properties for the first time, it also exemplarily suggests annealing of sapphire at 1000 °C for 10 h for mechanically and economically effective improvements of the interfacial bond strength and toughness. With increases of strength and toughness from approximately 8 to 29 MPa and from 2.6 to 35 J/m2, respectively, this thermal modification drastically enhances the properties of unmodified sapphire-epoxy interfaces. At the same time, it is much more convenient than wet-chemical approaches such as silanization. Hence, besides the introduction of a new testing procedure for adhesive joints of brittle or expensive substrates, a new and facile annealing process for improvements of the adhesive properties of sapphire is suggested and quantitative data for the mechanical properties of sapphire-epoxy interfaces that are common in synthetic nacre-inspired composites are provided for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Behr
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology , 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Jungblut
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology , 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael V Swain
- Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University , Kuwait City, 13110 Kuwait
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology , 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Balzer C, Cimino RT, Gor GY, Neimark AV, Reichenauer G. Deformation of Microporous Carbons during N2, Ar, and CO2 Adsorption: Insight from the Density Functional Theory. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8265-8274. [PMID: 27420036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using the nonlocal density functional theory, we investigate adsorption of N2 (77 K), Ar (77 K), and CO2 (273 K) and respective adsorption-induced deformation of microporous carbons. We show that the smallest micropores comparable in size and even smaller than the nominal molecular diameter of the adsorbate contribute significantly to the development of the adsorption stress. While pores of approximately the nominal adsorbate diameter exhibit no adsorption stress regardless of their filling level, the smaller pores cause expansive adsorption stresses up to almost 4 GPa. Accounting for this effect, we determined the pore-size distribution of a synthetic microporous carbon by simultaneously fitting its experimental CO2 adsorption isotherm (273 K) and corresponding adsorption-induced strain measured by in situ dilatometry. Based on the pore-size distribution and the elastic modulus fitted from CO2 data, we predicted the sample's strain isotherms during N2 and Ar adsorption (77 K), which were found to be in reasonable agreement with respective experimental data. The comparison of calculations and experimental results suggests that adsorption-induced deformation caused by micropores is not limited to the low relative pressures typically associated with the micropore filling, but is effective over the whole relative pressure range up to saturation pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Balzer
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Magdalene-Schoch-Straße 3, 97074, Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Richard T Cimino
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey University , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Gennady Y Gor
- Center for Materials Physics and Technology, Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Alexander V Neimark
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey University , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Gudrun Reichenauer
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Magdalene-Schoch-Straße 3, 97074, Wuerzburg Germany
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27
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Ye XL, Liu LZ, Jin HJ. Responsive nanoporous metals: recoverable modulations on strength and shape by watering. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:325501. [PMID: 27347850 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/32/325501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many biological materials can readily modulate their mechanical properties and shape by interacting with water in the surrounding environment, which is essential to their high performance in application. In contrast, typical inorganic materials (such as the metals) cannot change their strength and shape without involving thermal/mechanical treatments. By introducing nano-scale porous structure and exploiting a simple physical concept-the water-capillarity in nanopores, here we report that a 'dead' metal can be transformed into a 'smart' material with water-responsive properties. We demonstrate that the apparent strength, volume and shape of nanoporous Au and Au(Pt) can be modulated in situ, dramatically and recoverably, in response to water-dipping and partial-drying. The amplitude of strength-modulation reaches 20 MPa, which is nearly 50% of the yield strength at initial state. This approach also leads to reversible length change up to 1.3% in nanoporous Au and a large reversible bending motion of a bi-layer strip with tip displacement of ∼20 mm, which may be used for actuation. This method is simple and effective, occurring in situ under ambient conditions and requiring no external power, analogous to biological materials. The findings may open up novel applications in many areas such as micro-robotics and bio-medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Long Ye
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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28
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Schappert K, Reiplinger N, Pelster R. Correlation between the Sorption-Induced Deformation of Nanoporous Glass and the Continuous Freezing of Adsorbed Argon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7741-7746. [PMID: 27398774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article we study the dependence of the sorption-induced deformation of nanoporous glass on the liquid-solid phase transition of adsorbed argon. During cooling we observe a continuous reduction of the expansion of the porous glass matrix caused by the adsorbate. The contraction is attended by a likewise continuous change of the adsorbed argon's phase state from liquid to solid. This simultaneous behavior evidences that the liquid-solid phase transition leads to a reduction of the pressure the adsorbate exerts on the pore walls. Furthermore, the study shows that small temperature changes can temporarily cause strong deformations of the porous material that decay in long time intervals of up to 1 week. We expect that our observations for the model system of argon and porous glass can be generalized to other systems. Consequently, this study will have implications when considering porous materials for applications, e.g., as a medium for storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Schappert
- FR 7.2 Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicolas Reiplinger
- FR 7.2 Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Pelster
- FR 7.2 Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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29
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Gor GY, Bernstein N. Adsorption-Induced Surface Stresses of the Water/Quartz Interface: Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5259-5266. [PMID: 27159032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-induced deformation is expansion or contraction of a solid due to adsorption on its surface. This phenomenon is important for a wide range of applications, from chemomechanical sensors to methane recovery from geological formations. The strain of the solid is driven by the change of the surface stress due to adsorption. Using ab initio molecular dynamics, we calculate the surface stresses for the dry α-quartz surfaces, and investigate how these stresses change when the surfaces are exposed to water. We find that the nonhydroxylated surface shows small and approximately isotropic changes in stress, while the hydroxylated surface, which interacts more strongly with the polar water molecules, shows larger and qualitatively anisotropic (opposite sign in xx and yy) surface stress changes. All of these changes are several times larger than the surface tension of water itself. The anisotropy and possibility of positive surface stress change can explain experimentally observed surface area contraction due to adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Y Gor
- NRC Research Associate, Resident at Center for Materials Physics and Technology, and ‡Center for Materials Physics and Technology, Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Noam Bernstein
- NRC Research Associate, Resident at Center for Materials Physics and Technology, and ‡Center for Materials Physics and Technology, Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375, United States
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