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Ouranidis A, Vavilis T, Mandala E, Davidopoulou C, Stamoula E, Markopoulou CK, Karagianni A, Kachrimanis K. mRNA Therapeutic Modalities Design, Formulation and Manufacturing under Pharma 4.0 Principles. Biomedicines 2021; 10:50. [PMID: 35052730 PMCID: PMC8773365 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for a formidable weapon against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mRNA therapeutics have stolen the spotlight. mRNA vaccines are a prime example of the benefits of mRNA approaches towards a broad array of clinical entities and druggable targets. Amongst these benefits is the rapid cycle "from design to production" of an mRNA product compared to their peptide counterparts, the mutability of the production line should another target be chosen, the side-stepping of safety issues posed by DNA therapeutics being permanently integrated into the transfected cell's genome and the controlled precision over the translated peptides. Furthermore, mRNA applications are versatile: apart from vaccines it can be used as a replacement therapy, even to create chimeric antigen receptor T-cells or reprogram somatic cells. Still, the sudden global demand for mRNA has highlighted the shortcomings in its industrial production as well as its formulation, efficacy and applicability. Continuous, smart mRNA manufacturing 4.0 technologies have been recently proposed to address such challenges. In this work, we examine the lab and upscaled production of mRNA therapeutics, the mRNA modifications proposed that increase its efficacy and lower its immunogenicity, the vectors available for delivery and the stability considerations concerning long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofanis Vavilis
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdokia Mandala
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Davidopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Stamoula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Catherine K Markopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Karagianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Janczak J. Supramolecular architecture formed between amidinothiourea and 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Structural and vibrational characterization of 1-(diaminomethylene)-thiouron-1-ium 4-aminobenzoate. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Milic M, Targos K, Tellez Chavez M, Thompson MAM, Jennings JJ, Franz AK. NMR Quantification of Hydrogen-Bond-Accepting Ability for Organic Molecules. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6031-6043. [PMID: 33880918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen-bond-accepting abilities for more than 100 organic molecules are quantified using 19F and 31P NMR spectroscopy with pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA) and phenylphosphinic acid (PPA) as commercially available, inexpensive probes. Analysis of pyridines and anilines with a variety of electronic modifications demonstrates that changes in NMR shifts can predict the secondary effects that contribute to H-bond-accepting ability, establishing the ability of PFBA and PPA binding to predict electronic trends. The H-bond-accepting abilities of various metal-chelating ligands and organocatalysts are also quantified. The measured Δδ(31P) and Δδp(19F) values correlate strongly with Hammett parameters, pKa of the protonated HBA, and proton-transfer basicity (pKBH+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Milic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Magda Tellez Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Madison A M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Julia J Jennings
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Annaliese K Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Jin J, Li S, Wang Z, Lu Y, Liu X, Wang L. Polymorphic Pairing Configurations of Guanine and Cytosine at the Water-HOPG Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3761-3765. [PMID: 33724026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of nucleobases guanine (G) and cytosine (C) pairing configurations have been fabricated on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface by controlling the molar ratio of G and C in water solution. Watson-Crick (WC) base pairing governs the association of C and G nucleobases when the molar ratio of C/G is adjusted to 1:1. Nucleobase-rich is preferentially hydrogen-bonded to the sites exposed around WC motifs with the adjustment of the C/G molar ratio. At a higher C/G molar ratio imbalance, the pairing configurations depend on the combination of interspace and sites of hydrogen binding between G and C bases. The systematic analysis of the high-resolution STM images and DFT calculations reveal that hydrogen bonding plays a dominant role in the formation of these pairing configurations and that the competition between the priority and diversity of hydrogen-bonded configurations bonding between G and C is the key for the pairing structural polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Sihao Li
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhongping Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Wei Li, Xu S, Cai Y, Wu S, He H. Direct Observation of Guanine and Water Supramolecular Assemblies. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420130129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Abdolahi Jonghani S, Biglari Z, Gholipour A. NMR investigation of substituent effects on strength of π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions to supports the formation of [2 + 2] photodimerization in (para-X-ba):::(bpe)||(bpe):::(para-X-ba) complexes. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wang J, Wang T, Liu X, Lu Y, Geng J. Multiple-responsive supramolecular vesicle based on azobenzene-cyclodextrin host-guest interaction. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18572-18580. [PMID: 35518297 PMCID: PMC9053703 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple-responsive supramolecular vesicles have been successfully fabricated by the complexation between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and a pH/photo dual-responsive amphiphile 4-(4-(hexyloxy)phenylazo)benzoate sodium (HPB) with azobenzene and carboxylate groups. When mixing β-CD with HPB to reach a host/guest molar ratio of 1 : 1, the azobenzene group of HPB could be spontaneously included by β-CD molecules. Then, the formed inclusion complexes (HPB@β-CD) could self-assemble into vesicles, which was driven by the hydrophobic interaction of the alkyl chain of HPB and the hydrogen bonds between neighboring β-CDs. The reversible assembly/disassembly of the vesicles could be simply regulated under UV or visible light irradiation. The reversible phase transformation between vesicles and microbelts could also be realized by adjusting the pH values of the sample. Adding both competitive guest molecules (1-adamantane carboxylic acid sodium (ADA)) and α-amylase would result in the phase transformation from vesicles to micelles. Moreover, the vesicles would be destroyed when β-CD was continuously added until the ratio of host/guest reached 2 : 1. Such an interesting quintuple-responsive vesicle system reported here not only has potential applications in various fields such as controlled release or drug delivery, but also provides a reference for the design and construction of multiple responsive systems. A quintuple-responsive vesicle system was successfully fabricated by simply mixing HPB with an equal amount of β-CD.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Jingjing Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong 030619 China
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Su CH, Chen HL, Sun SJ, Ju SP, Hou TH, Lin CH. Observing the three-dimensional terephthalic acid supramolecular growth mechanism on a stearic acid buffer layer by molecular simulation methods. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1319-1330. [PMID: 35494717 PMCID: PMC9047411 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The terephthalic acid (TPA) supramolecular growth mechanisms on the stearic acid (STA) buffer layer, such as the phase separation and layer-by-layer (LBL) mechanisms, were considered by molecular simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Kaohsiung 833
- Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Culture University
- Taipei 111
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jye Sun
- Department of Applied Physics
- National University of Kaohsiung
- Kaohsiung 811
- Taiwan
| | - Shin-Pon Ju
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
| | - Tsu-Hsun Hou
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
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Zhong X, Hu C, Yan X, Zhu D, Chen Q, Li W, Feng L, Wei Y. Self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles building block fabricated by β-cyclodextrin and adamantane-based ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17281-17290. [PMID: 35519893 PMCID: PMC9064563 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A new adamantane-based ionic liquid, (11-(((-adamantane-1-carbonyl)oxy)undecyl)-1-methylimidazol-3-ium bromide (AD-C11im), was synthesized from 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid and observed that it can aggregate into micelles in aqueous solution. A number of experiments were conducted to understand the self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles building block fabricated by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and adamantane-based ionic liquid at diverse molar ratios. Studies revealed that host–guest interaction between the adamantane group and β-CD occurred and AD-C11im@1β-CD building block formed when same amount β-CD was added. Then the micelles aggregates formed by AD-C11im only turned into spherical vesicles, which was confirmed by AFM, DLS and TEM. Besides, according to the results of AFM, it can be confirmed that the vesicles were monolayer structure. When double amount β-CD was added, both the adamantane group and the hydrophobic chain were encapsulated by β-CD and AD-C11im@2β-CD building block formed. Thus the aggregations changed from vesicles to net-like nanofiber, which was observed by TEM. When the β-CD concentration increased to 40 mM, the formation of light blue hydrogel was observed during the self-assembling process of AD-C11im@2β-CD building block. The self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles building block fabricated by β-CD and AD-C11im at diverse molar ratios was studied. The micelles of AD-C11im turned into monolayer vesicles, net-like nanofibers and hydrogel at different β-CD/AD-C11im system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Nuclear Resources and Environment, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Caixia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Nuclear Resources and Environment, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Dongjian Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Qiujuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Lizhen Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Yan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
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Diemoz KM, Franz AK. NMR Quantification of Hydrogen-Bond-Activating Effects for Organocatalysts including Boronic Acids. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1126-1138. [PMID: 30516381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen-bonding activation for 66 organocatalysts has been quantified using a 31P NMR binding experiment with triethylphosphine oxide (TEPO). Diverse structural classes, including phenols, diols, silanols, carboxylic acids, boronic acids, and phosphoric acids, were examined with a variety of steric and electronic modifications to understand how the structure and secondary effects contribute to hydrogen-bonding ability and catalysis. Hammett plots demonstrate high correlation for the Δδ 31P NMR shift to Hammett parameters, establishing the ability of TEPO binding to predict electronic trends. Upon correlation to catalytic activity in a Friedel-Crafts addition reaction, data demonstrate that 31P NMR shifts correlate to catalytic activity better than p Ka values. Boronic acids were investigated, and 31P NMR binding experiments predicted strong hydrogen-bonding ability, for which catalytic activity was confirmed, resulting in the greatest rate enhancement observed in the Friedel-Crafts addition of all organocatalysts studied. A detailed investigation supports that boronic acid activation proceeds through hydrogen-bonding interactions and not coordination with the Lewis acidic boron center. Using 31P NMR spectroscopy offers a simple and rapid tool to quantify and predict hydrogen-bonding abilities for the design and applications of new organocatalysts and supramolecular synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Diemoz
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Annaliese K Franz
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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12
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Li W, Jin J, Liu X, Wang L. Structural Transformation of Guanine Coordination Motifs in Water Induced by Metal Ions and Temperature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8092-8098. [PMID: 29905486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transformation effects of metal ions and temperature on the DNA base guanine (G) metal-organic coordination motifs in water have been investigated by scanning tunneling microcopy (STM). The G molecules form an ordered hydrogen-bonded structure at the water-highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface. The STM observations reveal that the canonical G/9H form can be transformed into the G/(3H,7H) tautomer by increasing the temperature of the G solution to 38.6 °C. Moreover, metal ions bind with G molecules to form G4Fe13+, G3Fe32+, and the heterochiral intermixed G4Na1+ metal-organic networks after the introduction of alkali-metal ions in cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Physics , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
- Department of Science , Nanchang Institute of Technology , Nanchang 330099 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Physics , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Physics , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physics , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , P. R. China
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Campos VR, Gomes ATPC, Cunha AC, Neves MDGPMS, Ferreira VF, Cavaleiro JAS. Efficient access to β -vinylporphyrin derivatives via palladium cross coupling of β-bromoporphyrins with N-tosylhydrazones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:195-202. [PMID: 28228860 PMCID: PMC5301804 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes a new approach to obtain new β-vinylporphyrin derivatives through palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-bromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II) with N-tosylhydrazones. This is the first report of the use of such synthetic methodology in porphyrin chemistry allowing the synthesis of new derivatives, containing β-arylvinyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius R Campos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anna C Cunha
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Wang J, Yao M, Li Q, Yi S, Chen X. β-Cyclodextrin induced hierarchical self-assembly of a cationic surfactant bearing an adamantane end group in aqueous solution. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9641-9648. [PMID: 27858041 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A cationic surfactant with adamantane as the end group, 1-[11-((adamantane-1-carbonyl)oxy)-undecyl]pyridinium bromide (AP), has been synthesized. Its β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) induced hierarchical self-assembling behaviors in aqueous solution were investigated using transmission or scanning electron microscopy methods and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Like conventional single chain surfactants, micelles could be formed by AP itself in dilute solutions. However, the dramatic phase transitions of these micelles occurred when host-guest inclusions between AP and β-CD were sequentially produced at different host/guest molar ratios (R), corresponding to the supramolecules with different chemical structures. The AP micelles could be changed into spherical unilamellar vesicles by adding β-CD to reach an R value of 1 : 1. Such vesicles then evolved into multi-wall nanotubes or hydrogels when the β-CD amount was further increased to obtain an R value of 2 : 1. The unique structural characteristics of these supramolecular aggregates come from their "monolayer-like" walls, which have rarely been reported in the past for CD/surfactant inclusion complexes. The interesting results obtained here not only enrich the β-CD/surfactant aggregation systems, but also provide a novel and facile strategy to tune the morphology and structure of aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Meihuan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qintang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Sijing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China.
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