1
|
van Embden J, Gross S, Kittilstved KR, Della Gaspera E. Colloidal Approaches to Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2023; 123:271-326. [PMID: 36563316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide is an extensively studied semiconductor with a wide band gap in the near-UV. Its many interesting properties have found use in optics, electronics, catalysis, sensing, as well as biomedicine and microbiology. In the nanoscale regime the functional properties of ZnO can be precisely tuned by manipulating its size, shape, chemical composition (doping), and surface states. In this review, we focus on the colloidal synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) and provide a critical analysis of the synthetic methods currently available for preparing ZnO colloids. First, we outline key thermodynamic considerations for the nucleation and growth of colloidal nanoparticles, including an analysis of different reaction methodologies and of the role of dopant ions on nanoparticle formation. We then comprehensively review and discuss the literature on ZnO NC systems, including reactions in polar solvents that traditionally occur at low temperatures upon addition of a base, and high temperature reactions in organic, nonpolar solvents. A specific section is dedicated to doped NCs, highlighting both synthetic aspects and structure-property relationships. The versatility of these methods to achieve morphological and compositional control in ZnO is explicated. We then showcase some of the key applications of ZnO NCs, both as suspended colloids and as deposited coatings on supporting substrates. Finally, a critical analysis of the current state of the art for ZnO colloidal NCs is presented along with existing challenges and future directions for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel van Embden
- School of Science, RMIT University, MelbourneVictoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Silvia Gross
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131Padova, Italy.,Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP), Engesserstrasse 20, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kevin R Kittilstved
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts01003, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olegovich Bokov D, Jalil AT, Alsultany FH, Mahmoud MZ, Suksatan W, Chupradit S, Qasim MT, Delir Kheirollahi Nezhad P. Ir-decorated gallium nitride nanotubes as a chemical sensor for recognition of mesalamine drug: a DFT study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.2025234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Iraq
| | - Forat H. Alsultany
- Medical Physics Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Z. Mahmoud
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Maytham T. Qasim
- Ministry of Education, Directorate Thi-Qar Education, Thi-Qar, Iraq
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of Ambience on Thermal-Diffusion Type Ga-doping Process for ZnO Nanoparticles. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Various annealing atmospheres were employed during our unique thermal-diffusion type Ga-doping process to investigate the surface, structural, optical, and electrical properties of Ga-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) layers. ZnO NPs were synthesized using an arc-discharge-mediated gas evaporation method, followed by Ga-doping under open-air, N2, O2, wet, and dry air atmospheric conditions at 800 °C to obtain the low resistive spray-coated NP layers. The I–V results revealed that the Ga-doped ZnO NP layer successfully reduced the sheet resistance in the open air (8.0 × 102 Ω/sq) and wet air atmosphere (8.8 × 102 Ω/sq) compared with un-doped ZnO (4.6 × 106 Ω/sq). Humidity plays a key role in the successful improvement of sheet resistance during Ga-doping. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated hexagonal wurtzite structures with increased crystallite sizes of 103 nm and 88 nm after doping in open air and wet air atmospheres, respectively. The red-shift of UV intensity indicates successful Ga-doping, and the atmospheric effects were confirmed through the analysis of the defect spectrum. Improved electrical conductivity was also confirmed using the thin-film-transistor-based structure. The current controllability by applying the gate electric-field was also confirmed, indicating the possibility of transistor channel application using the obtained ZnO NP layers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Biswas A, Kar U, Jana NR. Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanoparticle Under Dark via Oxygen Vacancy Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13965-13975. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide nanomaterials are popularly thought due to zinc ion leaching, but the exact mechanism of cytotoxicity is controversial and not fully understood. Recent works...
Collapse
|
5
|
Antony A, P P, Kityk IV, Ozga K, Jedryka J, Myronchuk G, Kulkarni SD, Sanjeev G, Petwal VC, Verma VP, Dwivedi J. Defect engineering, microstructural examination and improvement of ultrafast third harmonic generation in GaZnO nanostructures: a study of e-beam irradiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4252-4265. [PMID: 32044896 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06323d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electron beam induced effects on defect engineering and structural, morphological and optical properties of Ga doped ZnO (GaZnO) nanostructures for improved ultrafast nonlinear optical properties are presented. A microstructural analysis was carried out based on the Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, and size-strain models. All three models reveal a peak broadening effect upon electron beam irradiation (EBI) and the crystallite size of the films shows a decrease of 30% compared to unirradiated nanostructures. The decrease in intensity, variation in the peak position and broadening of the Raman E2H mode confirm that the EBI treatment introduces disorder into the nanostructures. The interband gap emissions observed in photoluminescence spectra are primarily due to defect-related emissions originating from intrinsic defects such as Zni, Oi, VZn, VO, VZn+, VO+ and OZn. The O1s core-level spectra show that the peak related to oxygen vacancy defects is suppressed upon EBI. Surface morphology studies reveal that the nucleation barriers of GaZnO nanostructures are reduced upon irradiation treatment resulting in a coalescence mechanism. Third harmonic generation studies show that higher electron-beam doses lead to the occurrence of enhanced THG signals due to a drastic change in the occupation of localized defect levels. Thermally induced nonlinear optical studies depict an improved χ(3) of 1.71 × 10-3 esu upon irradiation due to enhanced FCA induced TPA mechanism and non-radiative transitions which indicates the credibility of the grown films in photonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albin Antony
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Poornesh P
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - I V Kityk
- Chair of Automatic, Electrotechnical and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 17, PL-42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - K Ozga
- Chair of Automatic, Electrotechnical and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 17, PL-42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - J Jedryka
- Chair of Automatic, Electrotechnical and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 17, PL-42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - G Myronchuk
- Solid State Physics Department, Eastern European University, Voli 6, Luck, Ukraine
| | - Suresh D Kulkarni
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Ganesh Sanjeev
- Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka 574199, India
| | - Vikash Chandra Petwal
- Industrial Accelerator Section, PSIAD, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452012, M.P., India
| | - Vijay Pal Verma
- Industrial Accelerator Section, PSIAD, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452012, M.P., India
| | - Jishnu Dwivedi
- Industrial Accelerator Section, PSIAD, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452012, M.P., India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Siva V, Park K, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Lee GJ, Kim MJ, Song YM. Mapping the structural, electrical, and optical properties of hydrothermally grown phosphorus-doped ZnO nanorods for optoelectronic device applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:110. [PMID: 30923947 PMCID: PMC6439072 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorus-doped ZnO nanorods were prepared using hydrothermal process, whose structural modifications as a function of doping concentration were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The dopant concentration-dependent enhancement in length and diameter of the nanorods had established the phosphorus doping in ZnO nanorods. The gradual transformation in the type of conductivity as observed from the variation of carrier concentration and Hall coefficient had further confirmed the phosphorus doping. The modification of carrier concentration in the ZnO nanorods due to phosphorus doping was understood on the basis of the amphoteric nature of the phosphorus. The ZnO nanorods in the absence of phosphorus showed the photoluminescence (PL) in the range of the ultraviolet (UV) and visible regimes. The UV emission, i.e. near-band-edge emission of ZnO, was found to be red-shifted after the doping of phosphorus, which was attributed to donor-acceptor pair formation. The observed emissions in the visible regime were due to the deep level emissions that were aroused from various defects in ZnO. The Al-doped ZnO seed layer was found to be responsible for the observed near-infrared (NIR) emission. The PL emission in UV and visible regimes can cover a wide range of applications from biological to optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vantari Siva
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangwook Park
- Korea Advanced Nano Fab Center, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jae Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang M, Averseng F, Haque F, Borghetti P, Krafft JM, Baptiste B, Costentin G, Stankic S. Defect-related multicolour emissions in ZnO smoke: from violet, over green to yellow. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5102-5115. [PMID: 30839975 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09998g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nature of defects in ZnO smoke was studied at different stages of the material's history by combining photoluminescence (PL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In contrast to studies previously reported on ZnO nanopowders, high vacuum conditions (P < 10-5 mbar) have been applied during sample storage, handling and spectroscopic investigations. Two pairs of violet-PL/EPR signals (2.88 eV/ g = 1.956 and 2.80 eV/ g = 1.960) were observed in the as-synthesized ZnO powder and attributed to surface (dominant) and bulk zinc interstitials (Zni+). Upon annealing in O2-poor conditions, green-PL emission (2.41 eV) and EPR signal at g = 2.002 develop along with EPR signals specific of superoxide radicals (O2-). In the absence of any external O2 supply, the oxygen necessary for the creation of a notable amount of O2- is provided by the lattice of ZnO smoke, so that the green emission and its EPR counterpart are unambiguously assigned to singly charged oxygen vacancies (VO+). Annealing at high PO2 results in a broad PL emission (∼2.07 eV) without an EPR counterpart. This yellow emission was assigned to peroxide-like surface species (O22-). Overall, this study shows that the visible emissions in ZnO smoke nanopowders can range from violet, over green to yellow as a function of sample history and that the corresponding PL/EPR fingerprints can serve as guidelines for the recognition of defects in other ZnO types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Garg V, Sengar BS, Awasthi V, Kumar A, Singh R, Kumar S, Mukherjee C, Atuchin VV, Mukherjee S. Investigation of Dual-Ion Beam Sputter-Instigated Plasmon Generation in TCOs: A Case Study of GZO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5464-5474. [PMID: 29356500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of the high free-electron concentration in heavily doped semiconductor enables the realization of plasmons. We report a novel approach to generate plasmons in Ga:ZnO (GZO) thin films in the wide spectral range of ∼1.87-10.04 eV. In the grown GZO thin films, dual-ion beam sputtering (DIBS) instigated plasmon is observed because of the formation of different metallic nanoclusters are reported. Moreover, formation of the nanoclusters and generation of plasmons are verified by field emission scanning electron microscope, electron energy loss spectra obtained by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis. Moreover, the calculation of valence bulk, valence surface, and particle plasmon resonance energies are performed, and indexing of each plasmon peaks with corresponding plasmon energy peak of the different nanoclusters is carried out. Further, the use of DIBS-instigated plasmon-enhanced GZO can be a novel mean to improve the performance of photovoltaic, photodetector, and sensing devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Garg
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG), Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore , Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Brajendra S Sengar
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG), Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore , Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vishnu Awasthi
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG), Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore , Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amitesh Kumar
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG), Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore , Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Singh
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG), Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore , Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar
- Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology , Indore 452013, India
| | - C Mukherjee
- Advanced Laser and Optics Division, Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology , Indore 452013, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V V Atuchin
- Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS , Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Functional Electronics Laboratory, Tomsk State University , Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Shaibal Mukherjee
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG), Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore , Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sengupta D, Mondal B, Mukherjee K. Structural features and dye-sensitized solar cell performance of chemically synthesized F doped ZnO particles. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Sturaro M, Della Gaspera E, Michieli N, Cantalini C, Emamjomeh SM, Guglielmi M, Martucci A. Degenerately Doped Metal Oxide Nanocrystals as Plasmonic and Chemoresistive Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30440-30448. [PMID: 27750418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly doped wide band gap metal oxide nanocrystals have recently been proposed as building blocks for applications as transparent electrodes, electrochromics, plasmonics, and optoelectronics in general. Here we demonstrate the application of gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) nanocrystals as novel plasmonic and chemiresistive sensors for the detection of hazardous gases including hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). GZO nanocrystals with a tunable surface plasmon resonance in the near-infrared are obtained using a colloidal heat-up synthesis. Thanks to the strong sensitivity of the plasmon resonances to chemical and electrical changes occurring at the surface of the nanocrystals, such optical features can be used to detect the presence of toxic gases. By monitoring the changes in the dopant-induced plasmon resonance in the near-infrared, we demonstrate that GZO thin films prepared depositing an assembly of highly doped GZO colloids are able to optically detect both oxidizing and reducing gases at mild (<100 °C) operating temperatures. Combined optical and electrical measurements show that trivalent dopants within ZnO nanocrystals enhance the gas sensing response compared to undoped ZnO. Moreover, improved sub-ppm of NO2 gas sensitivity is achieved by activating the sensors response through combined purple-blue (λ = 430 nm) light irradiation and mild heating at 75 °C. In addition, these thin films based on degenerately doped semiconductors are highly transparent in the visible range, enabling the fabrication of "invisible" gas sensors. The use of highly doped semiconductive nanocrystals for both IR plasmonic and chemiresistive sensors represent a marked advancement toward the development of highly sensitive and selective devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlo Cantalini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di L'Aquila , L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|