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Sivasakthi P, Samanta PK. Exploring Thioxanthone Derivatives as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy at the Near-IR Region. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8900-8910. [PMID: 37819527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In the lowest excited triplet state, the excited photosensitizer reacts with tissue oxygen and forms reactive oxygen species (ROS), which kills tissue cells in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Metal-free thio-based pure organic molecules and analogous nucleobases can be used as photosensitizers for PDT applications. Using quantum chemical methods, we studied one- and two-photon optical absorptions, fluorescence, and other excited-state properties of substituted thioxanthone derivatives for their potential as photosensitizers for PDT. Our calculated values were compared with the available experimental data. The calculation of the intersystem crossing rate constant for these photosensitizers explains the high quantum yield of the formation of ROS, as reported experimentally. The excited triplet-state population of the photosensitizer occurs through the 1π-π* → 3n-π* channel of intersystem crossing and increases in the presence of halogen substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Sivasakthi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Pralok K Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Hyderabad 502329, India
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2
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Shaydyuk Y, Bashmakova NV, Klishevich GV, Dmytruk AM, Kachkovsky OD, Kuziv IB, Dubey IY, Belfield KD, Bondar MV. Nature of Linear Spectral Properties and Fast Relaxations in the Excited States and Two-Photon Absorption Efficiency of 3-Thiazolyl and 3-Phenyltiazolyl Coumarin Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11564-11573. [PMID: 37008079 PMCID: PMC10061630 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin-based fluorescent agents play an important role in the manifold fundamental scientific and technological areas and need to be carefully studied. In this research, linear photophysics, photochemistry, fast vibronic relaxations, and two-photon absorption (2PA) of the coumarin derivatives, methyl 4-[2-(7-methoxy-2-oxo-chromen-3-yl)thiazol-4-yl]butanoate (1) and methyl 4-[4-[2-(7-methoxy-2-oxo-chromen-3-yl)thiazol-4-yl]phenoxy]butanoate (2), were comprehensively analyzed using stationary and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, along with quantum-chemical calculations. The steady-state one-photon absorption, fluorescence emission, and excitation anisotropy spectra, as well as 3D fluorescence maps of 3-hetarylcoumarins 1 and 2 were obtained at room temperature in solvents of different polarities. The nature of relatively large Stokes shifts (∼4000-6000 cm-1), specific solvatochromic behavior, weak electronic π → π* transitions, and adherence to Kasha's rule were revealed. The photochemical stability of 1 and 2 was explored quantitatively, and values of photodecomposition quantum yields, on the order of ∼10-4, were determined. A femtosecond transient absorption pump-probe technique was used for the investigation of fast vibronic relaxation and excited-state absorption processes in 1 and 2, while the possibility of efficient optical gain was shown for 1 in acetonitrile. The degenerate 2PA spectra of 1 and 2 were measured by an open aperture z-scan method, and the maximum 2PA cross-sections of ∼300 GM were obtained. The electronic nature of the hetaryl coumarins was analyzed by quantum-chemical calculations using DFT/TD-DFT level of theory and was found to be in good agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy
O. Shaydyuk
- Institute
of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki, 46, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia V. Bashmakova
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - George V. Klishevich
- Institute
of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki, 46, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Andriy M. Dmytruk
- Institute
of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki, 46, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Olexiy D. Kachkovsky
- V.P.
Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the
NAS of Ukraine, Murmanskaya
Street, 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Iaroslav B. Kuziv
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo Street, 150, Kyiv 03141, Ukraine
| | - Igor Ya. Dubey
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo Street, 150, Kyiv 03141, Ukraine
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mykhailo V. Bondar
- Institute
of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki, 46, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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3
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Molecular structure tuning impact on optical linearity and nonlinearity of novel push-pull conjugated organic systems for photonic applications. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Gam S, Messaoudi S, Halet JF, Boucekkine A. How do structural factors determine the linear and non-linear optical properties of fluorene-containing quadrupolar fluorophores? A theoretical answer. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The linear and non-linear optical properties of the different components of a series of push–push and pull–pull quadrupolar fluorophore derivatives are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Gam
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) – UMR 6226, F35000 Rennes, France
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte FSB, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Applications, IPEST, University of Carthage, Sidi Bou Said Road, B.P. 51, 2070 La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Sabri Messaoudi
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte FSB, University of Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Applications, IPEST, University of Carthage, Sidi Bou Said Road, B.P. 51, 2070 La Marsa, Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) – UMR 6226, F35000 Rennes, France
- CNRS – Saint-Gobain – NIMS, IRL 3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Abdou Boucekkine
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) – UMR 6226, F35000 Rennes, France
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5
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Turn-off fluorene-based chemosensor switch to Fe3+: Spectroscopic study, merit parameters, theoretical calculations, and its application in Brazilian ethanol fuel. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Rao GH, Rana PJS, Chitumalla RK, Jang J, Singh SP. Molecular Engineering and Structure-Related Properties of Squaraine Dyes Based on the Core and Wings Concept. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15416-15425. [PMID: 31458198 PMCID: PMC6643624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three new squaraine-based functional π-conjugated molecules were synthesized considering the core and wings concept. The molecules, SQ-DICN, SQ-DIEt-RH, and SQ-DICN-RH, were end-capped with three different wings, such as malononitrile, 2-(3-hexyl-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)malononitrile, and 3-ethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one. Among the three dyes, SQ-DICN-RH showed the highest molar extinction coefficient. The photoluminescence of all the dyes showed an opposite trend to that of the absorption maximum. The electrochemical results showed that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of all the dyes ranged from -3.72 to -3.82 eV, whereas the highest occupied molecular orbital ranged from -4.89 to -4.94 eV. Solvatochromism was carried out to observe the effects of the solvent containing the dyes. The electronic structure of the dyes was examined using ab initio simulations. The dyes were characterized theoretically, and the red-shifted absorption of SQ-DICN-RH was explained and correlated with its biradicaloid character and singlet-triplet energy gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hanumantha Rao
- Polymers
and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Prem Jyoti Singh Rana
- Polymers
and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla
- Department
of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department
of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Polymers
and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
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7
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Nitric oxide photo-release from a ruthenium nitrosyl complex with a 4,4′-bisfluorenyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Sanyal S, Painelli A, Pati SK, Terenziani F, Sissa C. Aggregates of quadrupolar dyes for two-photon absorption: the role of intermolecular interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:28198-28208. [PMID: 27722590 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of small aggregates of quadrupolar (A-π-D-π-A or D-π-A-π-D) charge-transfer dyes, with attention focused on the role of intermolecular interactions in determining their optical properties. We tackle the theoretical issue by adopting essential-state models (ESMs), which describe an isolated molecule in terms of a minimal number of electronic states, corresponding to the resonance structures. ESMs quite naturally describe intermolecular interactions relaxing the dipolar approximation and accounting for molecular polarizabilities. The approach is applied to curcuminoid and squaraine dyes, two families of chromophores with weak and strong quadrupolar character, respectively. The method is validated against experiment and for curcuminoids also against time-dependent density functional theory. ESMs rationalize the strong ultra-excitonic effects recurrently observed in the experimental optical spectra of aggregates of highly polarizable quadrupolar dyes, offering a valuable tool to exploit the supramolecular design of material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanyal
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - A Painelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - S K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and New Chemistry Unit, JNCASR, Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, India
| | - F Terenziani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - C Sissa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Liu X, Ardizzone A, Sui B, Anzola M, Ventosa N, Liu T, Veciana J, Belfield KD. Fluorenyl-Loaded Quatsome Nanostructured Fluorescent Probes. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:4112-4122. [PMID: 30023713 PMCID: PMC6044886 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of hydrophobic materials in biological systems, for example, contrast agents or drugs, is an obdurate challenge, severely restricting the use of materials with otherwise advantageous properties. The synthesis and characterization of a highly stable and water-soluble nanovesicle, referred to as a quatsome (QS, vesicle prepared from cholesterol and amphiphilic quaternary amines), that allowed the nanostructuration of a nonwater soluble fluorene-based probe are reported. Photophysical properties of fluorenyl-quatsome nanovesicles were investigated via ultraviolet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in various solvents. Colloidal stability and morphology of the nanostructured fluorescent probes were studied via cryogenic transmission electronic microscopy, revealing a "patchy" quatsome vascular morphology. As an example of the utility of these fluorescent nanoprobes, examination of cellular distribution was evaluated in HCT 116 (an epithelial colorectal carcinoma cell line) and COS-7 (an African green monkey kidney cell line) cell lines, demonstrating the selective localization of C-QS and M-QS vesicles in lysosomes with high Pearson's colocalization coefficient, where C-QS and M-QS refer to quatsomes prepared with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide or tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, respectively. Further experiments demonstrated their use in time-dependent lysosomal tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Antonio Ardizzone
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)-CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari
de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Binglin Sui
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mattia Anzola
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)-CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari
de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)-CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari
de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Taihong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)-CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari
de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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10
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Liu T, Liu X, Valencia MA, Sui B, Zhang Y, Belfield KD. Far‐Red‐Emitting TEG‐Substituted Squaraine Dye: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Selective Detection of Cyanide in Aqueous Solution. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taihong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science College of Science and Liberal Arts New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. 07102 Newark NJ USA
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science College of Science and Liberal Arts New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. 07102 Newark NJ USA
| | - Maira A. Valencia
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science College of Science and Liberal Arts New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. 07102 Newark NJ USA
| | - Binglin Sui
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science College of Science and Liberal Arts New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. 07102 Newark NJ USA
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science College of Science and Liberal Arts New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. 07102 Newark NJ USA
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science College of Science and Liberal Arts New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. 07102 Newark NJ USA
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