1
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Wojtaszek K, Cristofolini A, Popoli A, Kolczyk-Siedlecka K, Wojnicki M. A Novel Approach for Quantifying Magnetic Susceptibility of Aqueous and Organic Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:488-499. [PMID: 38170590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A new method for measuring the magnetic properties of aqueous and organic solutions is presented. This approach is based on quantifying the force resulting from the sample's interaction with a magnetic field. The experimental setup utilizes neodymium magnets attached to a stepper motor to adjust the distance between the magnets and the test sample, while an analytical balance serves as a strain gauge. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed on selected inorganic and organic solutions. A series of finite element simulations allowed us to convert experimental results to physical quantities describing magnetic susceptibilities of substances. The limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) values for the developed method of determining magnetic susceptibility were equal to 6.67·10-3 M and 2.02·10-2 M, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Wojtaszek
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrea Cristofolini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40-136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arturo Popoli
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40-136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marek Wojnicki
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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2
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Kuvayskaya A, Mallos TJ, Douair I, Chang C, Larsen RE, Jensen MP, Sellinger A. Controlling Extraction of Rare Earth Elements Using Functionalized Aryl-vinyl Phosphonic Acid Esters. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16343-16353. [PMID: 37751598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Ligands that can discriminate between individual rare earth elements are important for production of these critical elements. A set of aryl-vinyl phosphonic acid ligands for extracting rare earth elements were designed and synthesized under the hypothesis that the strength of the rare earth-ligand interactions could be tuned by changing the dipole moment of the ligand. The ligands were synthesized via a two-step reaction procedure using a Heck coupling reaction to functionalize vinyl phosphonic acid, followed by Steglich esterification to obtain high-purity styryl phosphonic acid monoesters with varying dipole moments along the P-C bond. The metal binding strength and composition of the rare earth complexes formed with these styryl phosphonic acid monoesters were experimentally studied by liquid-liquid extraction techniques, while DFT calculations were performed to determine the dipole moments of the free and complexed ligands and the electronic structure of the complexes formed. All three prepared ligands were much stronger extracting agents for europium(III) than the dialkylphosphonic acids usually used for this separation. However, the order of increasing extraction strength was found to match the order of the decreasing calculated dipole moment along the P-C bond of the three styryl-based ligands, rather than correlating with increasing ligand basicity, as reflected by the pKa of the ligands. These findings suggest that this approach can be used to systematically alter the extraction strength of aromatic phosphonic monoesters for rare earth element purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kuvayskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas J Mallos
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Iskander Douair
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Christopher Chang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ross E Larsen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mark P Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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3
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Butcher TA, Coey JMD. Magnetic forces in paramagnetic fluids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:053002. [PMID: 36384048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca37f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the effect of a magnetic field gradient on fluids with linear magnetic susceptibilities is given. It is shown that two commonly encountered expressions, the magnetic field gradient force and the concentration gradient force for paramagnetic species in solution are equivalent for incompressible fluids. The magnetic field gradient and concentration gradient forces are approximations of the Kelvin force and Korteweg-Helmholtz force densities, respectively. The criterion for the appearance of magnetically induced convection is derived. Experimental work in which magnetically induced convection plays a role is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A Butcher
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J M D Coey
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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4
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Higgins RF, Ruoff KP, Kumar A, Schelter EJ. Coordination Chemistry-Driven Approaches to Rare Earth Element Separations. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2616-2627. [PMID: 36041177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Current projections for global mining indicate that unsustainable practices will cause supply problems for many elements, called critical raw materials, in the next 20 years. These include elements necessary for renewable technologies as well as artisanal sources. Energy critical elements (ECEs) comprise a group used for clean, renewable energy applications that are in low abundance in the Earth's crust or require an economic premium to extract from ores. Sustainable practices of acquiring ECEs is an important problem to address through fundamental research to provide alternative energy technologies such as wind turbines and electric vehicles at cheaper costs for our global energy generation and usage. Some of these green technologies incorporate rare-earth (RE) metals (Sc, Y and the lanthanides), which are challenging to separate from mineral sources because of their similar sizes (i.e., ionic radii) and chemical properties. The current process used to provide REs at requisite purities for these applications is counter-current solvent-solvent extraction, which is scalable and works efficiently for any ore composition. However, this method produces large amounts of caustic waste that is environmentally damaging, especially to areas in China that house major separation facilities. Advancement of the selectivity of this process is challenging since exact molecular speciation that affords separations is still relatively unknown. In this context, we developed a program to investigate new RE separations systems that were aimed at minimizing solvent use, controlled by molecular speciation, and could be targeted at problems in recycling these critical metals.The first ligand system that was developed to impart solubility differences between light and heavy rare-earth ions was [{(2-tBuNO)C6H4CH2}3N]3- (TriNOx3-) (graphic below). A differential solubility allowed for a separation of Nd and Dy of SFNd:Dy = ∼300 in a single step. In other words, a 50:50 Nd/Dy sample was enriched to give 95% pure Nd and Dy through a simple filtration, which is potentially impactful to recycling magnetic materials found in wind turbines. This separations system compares favorably to other state-of-the-art molecular extractants that are based on energetic differences of the thermodynamic parameter to affect separations for neighboring elements. This straightforward, thermodynamically driven method to separate REs primed our future research for new coordination chemistry approaches to separations.Another separations system was accomplished through the variable rate of a redox event from one arm of the TriNOx3- ligand. It was determined that the rate of this one electron oxidation, which operated through an electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical mechanism, was dependent on the identity of the RE ion. This kinetically driven separation afforded a separation factor (SF) of SFEu:Y = 75. We have also described other transformations such as ligand exchange, substituent dependent, and redox-driven chelation processes with well-defined speciation to afford purified RE materials. Recently, we determined that magnetic properties can be used to enhance both thermodynamic and kinetic RE separations processes to give an approximately 100% boost for pairs of paramagnetic/diamagnetic REs. These results have shown that both thermodynamic and kinetic RE separations were efficient for different selected RE binary pairs through coordination chemistry. The focus of this Account will detail the differences that are observed for RE separations when promoted by thermodynamic or kinetic factors. Overall, the development of rationally adjusted speciation of REs provides a basis for future industrial separations processes for technologies applied to ECEs derived from wind turbines, batteries for electric vehicles, and LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kevin P Ruoff
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Kumar A, Geng H, Schelter EJ. Harnessing magnetic fields for rare-earth complex crystallization–separations in aqueous solutions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27895-27898. [PMID: 36320235 PMCID: PMC9521326 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04729b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic field-directed crystallization separation of rare-earth (RE) metals is emerging as a new direction in the field of separation science, due to its simplicity, low energy input, and low cost of operation, as compared to traditional separation methods such as solvent extraction. Here, we report the use of Fe14Nd2B magnets for selective crystallization of paramagnetic Nd, Dy, Er, and Tm rare earth compounds from a mixture with diamagnetic La ones using the RE–DOTA complex system. All the separations were performed at milder temperatures of 3 °C to provide a thermal gradient, and the crystallizations were set up in aqueous solutions using the benign solvents water and acetone. A four-fold increase in the separation factor (41.4 ± 0.6) was observed for the Dy/La pair in the presence of a magnetic field as compared to the separation factor (10.5 ± 0.9) obtained without the application of the field. These results indicate that the use of the magnetic crystallization method for RE separations is effective in aqueous systems and can be a useful strategy for energy-efficient molecular separations of RE metals. Magnetic crystallization was used as an energy-efficient technique for selective separation of paramagnetic rare-earth ions from lanthanum ions. An air-stable and simple RE-DOTA complex system was used to achieve separation in aqueous conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Han Geng
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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6
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Fritzsche B, Lei Z, Yang X, Eckert K. Localization of rare earth ions in an inhomogeneous magnetic field toward their magnetic separation. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Butcher TA, Prendeville L, Rafferty A, Trtik P, Boillat P, Coey JMD. Neutron Imaging of Paramagnetic Ions: Electrosorption by Carbon Aerogels and Macroscopic Magnetic Forces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:21831-21839. [PMID: 34676016 PMCID: PMC8521529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electrosorption of Gd3+ ions from an aqueous 70 mM Gd(NO3)3 solution in monolithic carbon aerogel electrodes was recorded by dynamic neutron imaging. The aerogels have a bimodal pore size distribution consisting of macropores and mesopores centered at 115 and 15 nm, respectively. After the uptake of Gd3+ ions by the negatively charged surface of the porous structure, an inhomogeneous magnetic field was applied to the system of discharging electrodes. This led to a convective flow and confinement of Gd(NO3)3 solution in the magnetic field gradient. Thus, a way to desalt and capture paramagnetic ions from an initially homogeneous solution is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A. Butcher
- School
of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Aran Rafferty
- AMBER
Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pavel Trtik
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Boillat
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
- Electrochemistry
Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - J. M. D. Coey
- School
of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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8
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Zhang J, Chen X, Gao T, Wu Y, Yang Y, Guo Y, Xiao D. A Trimetallic Cobalt/Iron/Nickel Phytate Catalyst for Overall Water Splitting: Fabrication by Magnetic-Field-Assisted Bipolar Electrodeposition. Chempluschem 2021; 86:184-190. [PMID: 33481358 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrodeposition is an effective method to prepare various materials. We have established a bipolar electrodeposition system assisted by a constant magnetic field to fabricate a Co/Fe/Ni phytate catalyst with good electrocatalytic activity for overall water splitting. The effects of magnetic and electric fields on the catalytic properties of the material were studied. The catalyst prepared with an N-pole magnetic field (NPMF) exhibited good overall water splitting performance. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the Co/Fe/Ni-phytate and the advantages of the N-pole magnetic field the NPMF electrode has a continuous 25 hours high-efficiency hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reaction at a current density of 100 mA cm-2 in1.0 M KOH compared with commercial RuO2 and Pt/C. Bipolar electrodeposition with a constant magnetic field is thus an efficient means to fabricate electrocatalytic water splitting catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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9
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Ge S, Nemiroski A, Mirica KA, Mace CR, Hennek JW, Kumar AA, Whitesides GM. Magnetic Levitation in Chemistry, Materials Science, and Biochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17810-17855. [PMID: 31165560 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All matter has density. The recorded uses of density to characterize matter date back to as early as ca. 250 BC, when Archimedes was believed to have solved "The Puzzle of The King's Crown" using density.[1] Today, measurements of density are used to separate and characterize a range of materials (including cells and organisms), and their chemical and/or physical changes in time and space. This Review describes a density-based technique-magnetic levitation (which we call "MagLev" for simplicity)-developed and used to solve problems in the fields of chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry. MagLev has two principal characteristics-simplicity, and applicability to a wide range of materials-that make it useful for a number of applications (for example, characterization of materials, quality control of manufactured plastic parts, self-assembly of objects in 3D, separation of different types of biological cells, and bioanalyses). Its simplicity and breadth of applications also enable its use in low-resource settings (for example-in economically developing regions-in evaluating water/food quality, and in diagnosing disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shencheng Ge
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Alex Nemiroski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Charles R Mace
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jonathan W Hennek
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ashok A Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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10
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Ge S, Nemiroski A, Mirica KA, Mace CR, Hennek JW, Kumar AA, Whitesides GM. Magnetische Levitation in Chemie, Materialwissenschaft und Biochemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shencheng Ge
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Alex Nemiroski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Katherine A. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Charles R. Mace
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Jonathan W. Hennek
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Ashok A. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University 60 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology Harvard University 29 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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11
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Fritzsche B, Mutschke G, Meinel TJ, Yang X, Lei Z, Eckert K. Oscillatory surface deformation of paramagnetic rare-earth solutions driven by an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:062601. [PMID: 32688567 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.062601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The deformation of the free surface of a paramagnetic liquid subjected to a nonuniform magnetic field is studied. A transient deformation of the surface caused by the interplay of gravity, magnetic field, and surface tension is observed when a permanent magnet is moved vertically downward to the free surface of the liquid. Different concentrations of rare-earth-metal salt (DyCl_{3}) are used and different magnet velocities are studied. The deformation of the interface is followed optically by means of a microscope and recorded with a high-speed camera. The experimental results are compared and discussed with complementary numerical simulations. Detailed results are given for the static shape of the deformed surface and the temporal evolution of the surface deformation below the center of the magnet. The frequency of the surface oscillations is found to depend on the concentration of the salt and is compared with analytical findings. Finally, a potential application of the effects observed is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fritzsche
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - G Mutschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Bautzener Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - T J Meinel
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - X Yang
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Bautzener Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Z Lei
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Bautzener Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Eckert
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Bautzener Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Tufa LT, Jeong KJ, Tran VT, Lee J. Magnetic-Field-Induced Electrochemical Performance of a Porous Magnetoplasmonic Ag@Fe 3O 4 Nanoassembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6598-6606. [PMID: 31922383 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Lorentz or Kelvin force generated by an externally applied magnetic field may introduce additional convection of the electrolyte near the working electrode and consequently produces magnetocurrent (MC), which can be attributed to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and an extra electrochemical reaction. A magnetoplasmonic (MagPlas) composite of metallic and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with a permanent dipole or magnetic moment have additional degree or order, which corresponds to directional correlation to electric and magnetic dipoles. In particular, an ordered self-assembly may boost up the MHD flow on a collectively reactive surface, leading to remarkable electrochemical performance. In this article, a proof-of-concept work explores the effect of the magnetic field on the electrocatalytic activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as well as [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox probes using a precisely controlled three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure of a silver core and a porous magnetic shell (Ag@Fe3O4) assembly. Then, the reduction current was carefully monitored in the presence of a magnetic field (B, up to 380 mT), resulting in an extraordinary increment of reduction current (IR) of [Fe(CN)6]3- by 23% and a 1.13-fold high ORR efficiency owing to the additional magnetic field (Bin) from the 3D magnetoplasmonic nanoassembly. The computational simulation explained the plausible mechanism of current enhancement from the MagPlas nanoassembly. From our experimental and computational studies, it is probable that the 3D MagPlas nanoassembly is a unique and efficient catalyst under a low external magnetic field, which would be useful for further biomedical and energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemma Teshome Tufa
- Department of Chemistry , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama , Ethiopia
| | - Ki-Jae Jeong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Van Tan Tran
- Department of Chemistry , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
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13
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Higgins RF, Cheisson T, Cole BE, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Magnetic Field Directed Rare‐Earth Separations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Eramet Ideas 1 rue Albert Einstein 78190 Trappes France
| | - Bren E. Cole
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Brian C. Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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14
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Higgins RF, Cheisson T, Cole BE, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Magnetic Field Directed Rare‐Earth Separations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1851-1856. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Eramet Ideas 1 rue Albert Einstein 78190 Trappes France
| | - Bren E. Cole
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Brian C. Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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15
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Effect of Magnetic Inducement in Preparation of Ni/Ce‐doped Al
2
O
3
for Ammonia Decomposition. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Experiments on the magnetic enrichment of rare-earth metal ions in aqueous solutions in a microflow device. J Flow Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-019-00039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Rodrigues IR, Lukina L, Dehaeck S, Colinet P, Binnemans K, Fransaer J. Magnetomigration of Rare-Earth Ions Triggered by Concentration Gradients. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5301-5305. [PMID: 28968095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mach-Zehnder interferometry was applied to explore the effects of inhomogeneous magnetic fields on the mobility of rare-earth ions in aqueous solutions. No migration of ions was observed in a thermodynamically closed system when a homogeneous solution was subjected to a magnetic field gradient alone. However, magnetomigration could be triggered by a concentration gradient of the rare-earth ions in the solution. When a concentration gradient was introduced in the sample by solvent evaporation, consistent migration of paramagnetic Dy3+ ions from the bulk solution to regions with stronger magnetic fields was observed. By contrast, no movement was detected for diamagnetic Y3+ ions in the presence of a concentration gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora R Rodrigues
- Department of Material Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, P.O. Box 2450, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Liubov Lukina
- Department of Material Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, P.O. Box 2450, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sam Dehaeck
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes) , CP165/67, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Colinet
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes) , CP165/67, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, bus 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Fransaer
- Department of Material Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, P.O. Box 2450, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Li Z, Yang T, Zhao Q, Zhang M. Tunable photoluminescence and room temperature ferromagnetism of In2S3:Dy3+,Tb3+ nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In2S3:6%Dy3+,yTb3+ nanoparticles exhibit tunable optical properties and room temperature ferromagnetism, which have been further investigated using VASP calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
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