1
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Sudhakar Patil V, Rupa Bavaskar K, Omprakash Morani D, Suresh Jain A. Review on Hyaluronic Acid Functionalized Sulfur and Nitrogen Co-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots Nano Conjugates for Targeting of Specific Type of Cancer. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:266-277. [PMID: 39206392 PMCID: PMC11347733 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Many people lose their lives to cancer each year. The prevalence of illnesses, metabolic disorders, high-risk infections, and other conditions has been greatly slowed down by expanding scientific research. Chemotherapy and radiation are still the initial lines of treatment for cancer patients, along with surgical removal of tumors. Modifications have been made in chemotherapy since medicines frequently have substantial systemic toxicity and poor pharmacokinetics and still do not reach the tumor site at effective concentrations. Chemotherapy may now be administered more safely and effectively thanks to nanotechnology. Nanotechnology-based graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are very applicable in breast cancer detection, as a drug delivery system, and in the treatment of breast cancer because of their physical and chemical properties, lower toxicity, small size, fluorescence, and effective drug delivery. This paper analyzes the GQDs as cutting-edge platforms for biotechnology and nanomedicine also its application in drug delivery in cancer. It shows that GQDs can be effectively conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to achieve efficient and target-specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sudhakar Patil
- Shri D.D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Devad-Vichumbe, New Panvel, India-410206
| | - Kedar Rupa Bavaskar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri D.D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Devad-Vichumbe, New Panvel, India-410206
| | - Dilip Omprakash Morani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Dombivali India-421204
| | - Ashish Suresh Jain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Shri D.D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Devad-Vichumbe, New Panvel, India-410206
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2
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Lee JW, Kwak JH, Kim J, Jang YK, Han JT, Kim TJ, Hong KS, Jeong HJ, Yang IHS. Highly emissive blue graphene quantum dots with excitation-independent emission via ultrafast liquid-phase photoreduction. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11524-11532. [PMID: 38601707 PMCID: PMC11005024 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are promising candidates for biomedical applications since they have lower toxicity and higher biocompatibility than traditional semiconductor quantum dots. However, oxygen functional groups such as epoxy and hydroxyl groups usually induce nonradiative relaxation, which leads to GOQDs exhibiting nonemissive properties. For the enhancement of the emission efficiency of GOQDs, the number of nonradiative relaxation sites should be reduced. This paper reports the synthesis of highly luminescent reduced GOQDs prepared by liquid-phase photoreduction (LPP-rGOQDs). First, GOQDs was fabricated from single-walled carbon nanotubes through chlorate-based oxidation and separation after acoustic cavitation. Subsequently, LPP-rGOQDs were obtained by liquid-phase photoreduction of the GOQD suspension under intense pulsed light irradiation. Liquid-phase photoreduction selectively reduced epoxy groups present on the basal plane of GOQDs, and hydrogenated the basal plane without removal of carbonyl and carboxyl groups at the edges of the GOQDs. Such selective removal of oxidative functional groups was used to control the reduction degree of GOQDs, closely related to their optical properties. The optimized LPP-rGOQDs were bright blue in color and showed quantum yields up to about 19.7%, which was 10 times the quantum yield of GOQDs. Furthermore, the LPP-rGOQDs were utilized to image a human embryonic kidney (HEK293A), and a low cytotoxicity level and satisfactory cell imaging performance were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Creative and Fundamental Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) Changwon 51543 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kwak
- Electrical Environment Research Center, Power Grid Research Division Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) Changwon 51543 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Creative and Fundamental Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) Changwon 51543 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwan Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
| | - Joong Tark Han
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Creative and Fundamental Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) Changwon 51543 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
| | - Kyong-Soo Hong
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Busan 46742 South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jeong
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Creative and Fundamental Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) Changwon 51543 Republic of Korea
| | - Imjeong H-S Yang
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
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3
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Ghasedi A, Koushki E, Baedi J. Cation-π aggregation-induced white emission of moisture-resistant carbon quantum dots: a comprehensive spectroscopic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23802-23816. [PMID: 36164843 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03388g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling mechanisms involved in the aggregation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can lead to new application developments for these quantum dot materials. In this study, an unusual aggregation-induced white emission of CQDs with strong intrinsic green emission is reported. Due to the deprotonation/protonation of the surface functional groups during the aggregation of CQDs induced by pH variations of the solution through the addition of sodium hydroxide, and hydrophobic interactions between CQDs, it results in the formation of aggregated CQDs through an avalanche-like process. Our results suggest that sodium hydroxide not only plays a critical role in the formation of strong cation-π interactions, but also polishes the surface of CQDs, leading to the formation of the aggregated CQDs. The aggregated CQDs present excellent dispersibility characteristics in water. Moreover, optical studies suggest a combined aggregation mechanism in the presence of both J-type and H-type aggregation monoliths involved in forming the aggregated CQDs. The findings obtained from the deconvolution of the as-synthesized CQDs can perceptively elucidate the cation-π aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Ghasedi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 96179-76487, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Koushki
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 96179-76487, Iran.
| | - Javad Baedi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 96179-76487, Iran.
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4
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Barrientos K, Arango JP, Moncada MS, Placido J, Patiño J, Macías SL, Maldonado C, Torijano S, Bustamante S, Londoño ME, Jaramillo M. Carbon dot-based biosensors for the detection of communicable and non -communicable diseases. Talanta 2022; 251:123791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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5
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Shen L, Zhou S, Huang F, Zhou H, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhou S. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid from laser induced graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:115602. [PMID: 34874289 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid using laser induced graphene as the carbon source. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were successfully synthesized by adding ammonia water to the graphene suspension. The GQDs/N-GQDs structure consist of a graphitic core with oxygen and nitrogen functionalities with particle size less than 10 nm, as demonstrated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectrometer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The absorption peak, PL spectrum, and quantum yield of the N-GQDs were significantly enhanced compared with the undoped GQDs. Further, the possible mechanism of synthesis GQDs was discussed. Furthermore, the N-GQDs were used as a fluorescent probe for detection of Fe3+ions. The N-GQDs may extend the application of graphene-based materials to bioimaging, sensor, and photoelectronic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Sikun Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shutong Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouhuan Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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6
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Dorontić S, Jovanović S, Bonasera A. Shedding Light on Graphene Quantum Dots: Key Synthetic Strategies, Characterization Tools, and Cutting-Edge Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206153. [PMID: 34683745 PMCID: PMC8539078 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the last 20 years, the scientific community has shown growing interest towards carbonaceous nanomaterials due to their appealing mechanical, thermal, and optical features, depending on the specific nanoforms. Among these, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) recently emerged as one of the most promising nanomaterials due to their outstanding electrical properties, chemical stability, and intense and tunable photoluminescence, as it is witnessed by a booming number of reported applications, ranging from the biological field to the photovoltaic market. To date, a plethora of synthetic protocols have been investigated to modulate the portfolio of features that GQDs possess and to facilitate the use of these materials for target applications. Considering the number of publications and the rapid evolution of this flourishing field of research, this review aims at providing a broad overview of the most widely established synthetic protocols and offering a detailed review of some specific applications that are attracting researchers’ interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Dorontić
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Svetlana Jovanović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Aurelio Bonasera
- Palermo Research Unit, Department of Physics and Chemistry—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (A.B.)
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7
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Chen Z, Hsieh T, Liu C. Production of carbon dots by pulsed laser ablation: Precursors and
photo‐oxidase
properties. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Tien‐Hao Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Ping Liu
- Department of Chemistry Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan
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8
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Zhao C, Song X, Liu Y, Fu Y, Ye L, Wang N, Wang F, Li L, Mohammadniaei M, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Liu J. Synthesis of graphene quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:142. [PMID: 33008457 PMCID: PMC7532648 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their applications in drug delivery. To give a brief understanding about the preparation of GQDs, recent advances in methods of GQDs synthesis are first presented. Afterwards, various drug delivery-release modes of GQDs-based drug delivery systems such as EPR-pH delivery-release mode, ligand-pH delivery-release mode, EPR-Photothermal delivery-Release mode, and Core/Shell-photothermal/magnetic thermal delivery-release mode are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and the prospective application of GQDs in drug delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Xuebin Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yifeng Fu
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lilei Ye
- SHT Smart High-Tech AB, 411 33, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nan Wang
- SHT Smart High-Tech AB, 411 33, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Mohsen Mohammadniaei
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Johan Liu
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- School of Automation and Mechanical Engineering, SMIT Center, Shanghai University, No 20, Chengzhong Road, Box 808, ShanghaiShanghai, 201800, China.
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9
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Kumar YR, Deshmukh K, Sadasivuni KK, Pasha SKK. Graphene quantum dot based materials for sensing, bio-imaging and energy storage applications: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23861-23898. [PMID: 35517370 PMCID: PMC9055121 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are an attractive nanomaterial consisting of a monolayer or a few layers of graphene having excellent and unique properties. GQDs are endowed with the properties of both carbon dots (CDs) and graphene. This review addresses applications of GQD based materials in sensing, bioimaging and energy storage. In the first part of the review, different approaches of GQD synthesis such as top-down and bottom-up synthesis methods have been discussed. The prime focus of this review is on green synthesis methods that have also been applied to the synthesis of GQDs. The GQDs have been discussed thoroughly for all the aspects along with their potential applications in sensors, biomedicine, and energy storage systems. In particular, emphasis is given to popular applications such as electrochemical and photoluminescence (PL) sensors, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors, humidity and gas sensors, bioimaging, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, supercapacitors and dye-sensitized solar cells. Finally, the challenges and the future perspectives of GQDs in the aforementioned application fields have been discussed. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are an attractive nanomaterial consisting of a monolayer or a few layers of graphene having excellent and unique properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ravi Kumar
- Department of Physics
- VIT-AP University
- Amaravati
- India
| | - Kalim Deshmukh
- New Technologies – Research Center
- University of West Bohemia
- Univerzitní 8
- Plzeň
- Czech Republic
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10
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Wu JR, Thakur D, Chiang SE, Chandel A, Wang JS, Chiu KC, Chang SH. The Way to Pursue Truly High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091269. [PMID: 31492035 PMCID: PMC6781066 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction solar cells was theoretically predicted to be limited by the Shockley–Queisser limit due to the intrinsic potential loss of the photo-excited electrons in the light absorbing materials. Up to now, the optimized GaAs solar cell has the highest PCE of 29.1%, which is close to the theoretical limit of ~33%. To pursue the perfect photovoltaic performance, it is necessary to extend the lifetimes of the photo-excited carriers (hot electrons and hot holes) and to collect the hot carriers without potential loss. Thanks to the long-lived hot carriers in perovskite crystal materials, it is possible to completely convert the photon energy to electrical power when the hot electrons and hot holes can freely transport in the quantized energy levels of the electron transport layer and hole transport layer, respectively. In order to achieve the ideal PCE, the interactions between photo-excited carriers and phonons in perovskite solar cells has to be completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ren Wu
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan32023, Taiwan.
| | - Diksha Thakur
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan32023, Taiwan.
| | - Shou-En Chiang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan32023, Taiwan.
| | - Anjali Chandel
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan32023, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Shyang Wang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng Hsiung Chang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
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11
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Ren X, Zhang F, Guo B, Gao N, Zhang X. Synthesis of N-Doped Micropore Carbon Quantum Dots with High Quantum Yield and Dual-Wavelength Photoluminescence Emission from Biomass for Cellular Imaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E495. [PMID: 30939724 PMCID: PMC6523831 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pursuit of a simple, fast, and cost-effective method to prepare highly and dual-wavelength fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is a persistent objective in recent years. Here, we fabricated N-doped micropore carbon quantum dots (NM-CQDs) with a high quantum yield and dual-wavelength photoluminescence (PL) emission from sustainable biomass using a pulsed laser ablation method. Interestingly, two coexisting indigo⁻blue photoluminescence (PL) emissions were clearly observed, elucidating that the excited electrons transited from the intrinsic π* orbital to the surface state (SS) formed from the saturation passivation. The quantum yield (QY) and fluorescence lifetime (FL) of the obtained NM-CQDs were as high as 32.4% and 6.56 ns. Further investigations indicated that the emission behaviors of NM-CQDs were still stable and independent in various conditions such as various excitation wavelengths, salt ionic concentrations, pH values, irradiation times, and temperatures. The obtained NM-CQDs are very suitable for cellular staining images due to strong and stable PL emission and show good internalization in different cells. Therefore, we propose a new and cost-effective preparation strategy for highly fluorescent NM-CQDs with great potential in biomedical imaging and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bingpeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Na Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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12
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Chen S, Ullah N, Zhang R. Exciton Self-Trapping in sp 2 Carbon Nanostructures Induced by Edge Ether Groups. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4857-4864. [PMID: 30085672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have suggested that exciton self-trapping plays an important role in governing the optical properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon dots (CDs), while the molecular structures related to this phenomenon remain unclear. This theoretical study reports exciton self-trapping induced by edge-bonded ether (C-O-C) groups in graphene nanosheets. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations show that the initially delocalized electron and hole are trapped in the vicinity of the edge ether groups on graphene nanosheets upon excited-state (S1) relaxation, accompanied by structural planarization of the seven-membered cyclic ether rings in the same region. The resulted significant structural deformation leads to large Stokes shift energies, which are comparable to the magnitudes of the notably large emission shift observed in experiments. This study provides a feasible explanation of the origin of exciton self-trapping and offers guidance for experiments to investigate and engineer exciton self-trapping in relevant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunwei Chen
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
- Shenzhen Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen , China
| | - Naeem Ullah
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193 , China
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13
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Calabro RL, Yang DS, Kim DY. Liquid-phase laser ablation synthesis of graphene quantum dots from carbon nano-onions: Comparison with chemical oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 527:132-140. [PMID: 29787949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been synthesized reproducibly by chemical oxidation (CO) of carbon nano-onions (nCNOs) and a one-step pulsed laser ablation (LA) of nCNOs in deionized water. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show that the LA-GQDs have blue shifted emission relative to the CO-GQDs which is attributed to the effects of both particle sizes and surface functional groups. The CO-GQDs have an average diameter of 4.1(8) nm and a thickness corresponding to two or three graphene layers, while the LA-GQDs have an average diameter of 1.8(6) nm and a thickness comparable to a single layer of graphene. The CO-GQDs favor the presence of carboxylic groups and have a higher fraction of sp2 carbons, while the LA-GQDs prefer the presence of hydroxyl groups and have a higher fraction of sp3 carbons. PL lifetime data suggests that surface functional groups are the main source of radiative deactivation and the sp2 carbon domains are mainly responsible for non-radiative decay. PL lifetimes are measured to be 7.9(6) ns for the emission from the carboxylic groups and 3.18(10) ns from the hydroxyl groups. Compared to CO, liquid-phase LA is a faster and cleaner one-step method for producing GQDs with fewer starting chemicals and byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary L Calabro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA.
| | - Doo Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA.
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14
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Deka MJ, Dutta A, Chowdhury D. Tuning the wettability and photoluminescence of graphene quantum dots via covalent modification. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03280c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have tuned the dual properties, i.e., wettability and photoluminescence of GQDs by simply covalent modification with long chain alkyl (–C12H27) groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash Jyoti Deka
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Paschim Boragaon
- Garchuk
| | - Ananya Dutta
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Paschim Boragaon
- Garchuk
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Paschim Boragaon
- Garchuk
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15
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Iannazzo D, Ziccarelli I, Pistone A. Graphene quantum dots: multifunctional nanoplatforms for anticancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6471-6489. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the recent advances in the application of GQDs as innovative nanoplatforms for anticancer therapy and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
- University of Messina
- Contrada Di Dio
- Italy
| | - Ida Ziccarelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
- University of Messina
- Contrada Di Dio
- Italy
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16
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Zhou S, Xu H, Gan W, Yuan Q. Graphene quantum dots: recent progress in preparation and fluorescence sensing applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24349e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews recent activities in the preparation and fluorescence sensing applications of graphene quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University for Nationalities
- Chengde 067000
- China
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Hongbo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University for Nationalities
- Chengde 067000
- China
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Wei Gan
- School of Natural Sciences and Humanities
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology
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