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Chen P, Atallah TL, Lin Z, Wang P, Lee SJ, Xu J, Huang Z, Duan X, Ping Y, Huang Y, Caram JR, Duan X. Approaching the intrinsic exciton physics limit in two-dimensional semiconductor diodes. Nature 2021; 599:404-410. [PMID: 34789906 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have attracted intense interest for their unique photophysical properties, including large exciton binding energies and strong gate tunability, which arise from their reduced dimensionality1-5. Despite considerable efforts, a disconnect persists between the fundamental photophysics in pristine 2D semiconductors and the practical device performances, which are often plagued by many extrinsic factors, including chemical disorder at the semiconductor-contact interface. Here, by using van der Waals contacts with minimal interfacial disorder, we suppress contact-induced Shockley-Read-Hall recombination and realize nearly intrinsic photophysics-dictated device performance in 2D semiconductor diodes. Using an electrostatic field in a split-gate geometry to independently modulate electron and hole doping in tungsten diselenide diodes, we discover an unusual peak in the short-circuit photocurrent at low charge densities. Time-resolved photoluminescence reveals a substantial decrease of the exciton lifetime from around 800 picoseconds in the charge-neutral regime to around 50 picoseconds at high doping densities owing to increased exciton-charge Auger recombination. Taken together, we show that an exciton-diffusion-limited model well explains the charge-density-dependent short-circuit photocurrent, a result further confirmed by scanning photocurrent microscopy. We thus demonstrate the fundamental role of exciton diffusion and two-body exciton-charge Auger recombination in 2D devices and highlight that the intrinsic photophysics of 2D semiconductors can be used to create more efficient optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy L Atallah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peiqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xidong Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Al-Enizi AM, Siddiqui TAJ, Shaikh SF, Ubaidullah M, Yousef A, Mane RS, Rana AUHS. Phase controlled synthesis of bifunctional TiO2 nanocrystallites viad-mannitol for dye-sensitized solar cells and heterogeneous catalysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14826-14836. [PMID: 35497129 PMCID: PMC9052067 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01366h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal architecture of TiO2 was successfully tailored via a low-temperature (≤200 °C) hydrothermal process in the presence of d-mannitol for feasible applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and heterogeneous catalysis. In the development of anatase-TiO2 (A-TiO2), d-mannitol does not merely acts as a complexing agent to manage the zigzag chains of octahedral TiO62− with dominant edge sharing but also performs as a capping agent by influencing the hydrolysis process during nucleation, as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering studies. After physical measurements, the as-synthesized nanocrystallites (NCs) of A-TiO2 were used in DSSCs, where a fascinating power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.0% was obtained, which showed excellent performance compared with commercial anatase-TiO2 (CA-TiO2: 5.7%) and rutile-TiO2 (R-TiO2) obtained without d-mannitol (3.7%). Moreover, a smart approach was developed via the A-TiO2 catalyst to synthesize pharmaceutically important C-3 alkylated 4-hydroxycoumarins through different activated secondary alcohols under solvent-free, and heat/visible light conditions. In addition, the catalytic activity of the so-produced A-TiO2 catalyst under solvent-free conditions exhibited remarkable recyclability with up to five consecutive runs with negligible reduction, which is superior to existing reports, and clearly reveals the novelty, and green, sustainable nature of the as-synthesized A-TiO2 catalyst. A plausible reaction mechanism of both coupling partners was activated through the interaction with the A-TiO2 catalyst to produce valuable C-3 alkylated 4-hydroxycoumarins with 95% yield and high selectivity. The crystal architecture of TiO2 was successfully tailored via a low-temperature (≤200 °C) hydrothermal process in the presence of d-mannitol for feasible applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and heterogeneous catalysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M. Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohd Ubaidullah
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Yousef
- Department of Mathematics and Physics Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering at Mataria
- Helwan University
- Cairo 11718
- Egypt
| | - Rajaram S. Mane
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
- Nanded-431606
- India
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3
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Li J, Ruan L, Wu Z, Zhang G, Wang Y. All-phosphorus flexible devices with non-collinear electrodes: a first principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29513307 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, flexible electronics based on 2D materials have quickly emerged. Theoretically, predicting the transport properties of the flexible devices made up of 2D materials using first principles is of great importance. Using density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, we calculated the transport properties of all-phosphorus flexible devices with non-collinear electrodes, and the results predicted that the device with compressed metallic phosphorene electrodes sandwiching a P-type semiconducting phosphorene shows a better and robust conducting behavior against the bending of the semiconducting region when the angle between the two electrodes is less than 45°, which indicates that this system is very promising for flexible electronics. The calculation of a quantum transport system with non-collinear electrodes demonstrated in this work will provide more interesting information on mesoscopic material systems and related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
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4
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Debu DT, Bauman SJ, French D, Churchill HOH, Herzog JB. Tuning Infrared Plasmon Resonance of Black Phosphorene Nanoribbon with a Dielectric Interface. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3224. [PMID: 29459663 PMCID: PMC5818661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the tunable edge-plasmon-enhanced absorption of phosphorene nanoribbons supported on a dielectric substrate. Monolayer anisotropic black phosphorous (phosphorene) nanoribbons are explored for light trapping and absorption enhancement on different dielectric substrates. We show that these phosphorene ribbons support infrared surface plasmons with high spatial confinement. The peak position and bandwidth of the calculated phosphorene absorption spectra are tunable with low loss over a wide wavelength range via the surrounding dielectric environment of the periodic nanoribbons. Simulation results show strong edge plasmon modes and enhanced absorption as well as a red-shift of the peak resonance wavelength. The periodic Fabry-Perot grating model was used to analytically evaluate the absorption resonance arising from the edge of the ribbons for comparison with the simulation. The results show promise for the promotion of phosphorene plasmons for both fundamental studies and potential applications in the infrared spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn T Debu
- University of Arkansas, Department of Physics, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA.
| | - Stephen J Bauman
- University of Arkansas, Microelectronics-Photonics Graduate Program, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - David French
- University of Arkansas, Department of Physics, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Hugh O H Churchill
- University of Arkansas, Department of Physics, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Joseph B Herzog
- University of Arkansas, Department of Physics, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA.,University of Arkansas, Microelectronics-Photonics Graduate Program, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
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Feng YP, Shen L, Yang M, Wang A, Zeng M, Wu Q, Chintalapati S, Chang CR. Prospects of spintronics based on 2D materials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Centre for Advanced Two-dimensional Materials; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Engineering Science Programme; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; A*STAR; Singapore
| | - Aizhu Wang
- Department of Physics; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | | | - Qingyun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Sandhya Chintalapati
- Centre for Advanced Two-dimensional Materials; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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Mao S, Chang J, Pu H, Lu G, He Q, Zhang H, Chen J. Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors for chemical and biological sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6872-6904. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00827e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent progress in graphene-, 2D transition metal dichalcogenide-, and 2D black phosphorus-based FET sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Jingbo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Haihui Pu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | | | - Qiyuan He
- Center for Programmable Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
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