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Fang T, Li L, Liu C, Mitsuzaki N, Chen Z. Effect of the conductive substrate on the photoelectrocatalytic properties of hematite for water splitting. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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2
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Govatsi K, Syrrokostas G, Yannopoulos S, Neophytides S. Optimization of aluminum doped ZnO nanowires for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Masoumi Z, Tayebi M, Lee BK. Ultrasonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation enhances photoelectrochemical performance in α-Fe 2O 3/MoS 2 photoanode. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105403. [PMID: 33360532 PMCID: PMC7803682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study successfully manufactured a p-n heterojunction hematite (α-Fe2O3) structure with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to address the electron-hole transfer problems of conventional hematite to enhance photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. The two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets were prepared through ultrasonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation, after which the concentration, number of layers, and thickness parameters of the MoS2 nanosheets were respectively estimated by UV-vis, HRTEM and AFM analysis to be 0.37 mg/ml, 10-12 layers and around 6 nm. The effect of heterojunction α-Fe2O3/MoS2 and the role of the ultrasonication process were investigated by the optimized concentration of MoS2 in the forms of bulk and nanosheet on the surface of the α-Fe2O3 electrode while measuring the PEC performance. The best photocurrent density of the α-Fe2O3/MoS2 photoanode was obtained at 1.52 and 0.86 mA.cm-2 with good stability at 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl under 100 mW/cm2 (AM 1.5) illumination from the back- and front-sides of α-Fe2O3/MoS2; these values are 13.82 and 7.85-times higher than those of pure α-Fe2O3, respectively. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky analysis showed increased donor concentration (2.6-fold) and decreased flat band potential (by 20%). Moreover, the results of IPCE, ABPE, and OCP analyses also supported the enhanced PEC performance of α-Fe2O3/MoS2 through the formation of a p-n heterojunction, leading to a facile electron-hole transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Masoumi
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Meysam Tayebi
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
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Forster M, Cheung DWF, Gardner AM, Cowan AJ. Potential and pitfalls: On the use of transient absorption spectroscopy for in situ and operando studies of photoelectrodes. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:150901. [PMID: 33092350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we discuss the application, advantages, and potential pitfalls of using transient UV/Vis (ultraviolet-visible) absorption spectroscopy to study photoelectrodes for water splitting. We revisit one of the most commonly studied water oxidation photoanodes (α-Fe2O3-x) to provide commentary and guidelines on experiment design and data analysis for transient absorption (TA) studies of photoelectrodes within a photoelectrochemical cell. We also assess the applicability of such in situ TA studies to understand photoelectrodes under operating conditions. A major limitation is that most, if not all, past in situ TA studies have been carried out using only pulsed light sources to generate carriers, with the electrode held in the dark at other times, which is shown to be a poor model for operating conditions. However, with a simple modification of existing TA experiments, a simple operando TA measurement is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Forster
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W F Cheung
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M Gardner
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Cowan
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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Huang X, Li Y, Gao X, Xue Q, Zhang R, Gao Y, Han Z, Shao M. The effect of the photochemical environment on photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12338-12344. [PMID: 32844844 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Besides photoelectrode materials, realizing the synergy of the photochemical environment and photoelectrodes for high charge carrier utilization is crucial for enhancing the performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems. However, few researchers have focused on this important aspect. Herein, the effect of the photochemical environment on photoanodes in PEC water splitting, including the redox potential of electrolytes and light direction, is rationally discussed. A combined study of the potential distribution and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that the low redox potential of electrolytes facilitates the interior charge transfer and surface charge utilization by enlarging the depletion layer. In addition, it is found that the optimum thickness of semiconductors in photoelectrodes is the length of the depletion layer plus diffusion layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China.
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Saada H, Abdallah R, Bergamini J, Fryars S, Dorcet V, Joanny L, Gouttefangeas F, Ollivier S, Loget G. Photoelectrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide on Hematite. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Saada
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR6226 - ScanMAT-UMS2001 F-35000 Rennes France
- Lebanese University, EDSTAZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, LBA3B El Mitein Street Tripoli Lebanon
| | - Rawa Abdallah
- Lebanese University, EDSTAZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, LBA3B El Mitein Street Tripoli Lebanon
| | - Jean‐François Bergamini
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR6226 - ScanMAT-UMS2001 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Stéphanie Fryars
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR6226 - ScanMAT-UMS2001 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR6226 - ScanMAT-UMS2001 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Loic Joanny
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR6226 - ScanMAT-UMS2001 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Francis Gouttefangeas
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR6226 - ScanMAT-UMS2001 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Sophie Ollivier
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR6226 - ScanMAT-UMS2001 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR6226 - ScanMAT-UMS2001 F-35000 Rennes France
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Gao S, Wang D, Wang Y, Li C, Liu Y, Suzuki N, Terashima C, Fujishima A, Zhang X. Activating titanium dopants in hematite photoanode by rapid thermal annealing for enhancing photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li L, Zhang H, Liu C, Liang P, Mitsuzaki N, Chen Z. The effect of annealing regime and electrodeposition time on morphology and photoelecrochemical performance of hematite converted from nanosheet γ-FeOOH. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sharma P, Jang J, Lee JS. Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe2O3Photoanode. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Wook Jang
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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Warfsmann S, Taffa DH, Wark M. Reprint of “Photoelectrocatalytic behavior of electrodeposited zinc ferrite films with varying Zn:Fe ratio”. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen D, Liu Z. Dual-Axial Gradient Doping (Zr and Sn) on Hematite for Promoting Charge Separation in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3438-3448. [PMID: 30098118 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the crucial challenges to enhance the photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance of hematite (α-Fe2 O3 ) is to resolve its very fast charge recombination in bulk. Herein, we describe the design and fabrication of dual-axial gradient-doping on 1D Fe2 O3 nanorod arrays with Zr doping for x-axial and Sn doping for y-axial directions to promote the charge separation. This dual-axial gradient-doping structure fulfills the requirements of a greater electron-carrier concentration for increasing conductivity as well as a higher charge-separation efficiency across the dual-axial direction of Fe2 O3 nanorods, ultimately showing an excellent photocurrent density of 1.64 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, which is 26.3 times more than that of the bare Fe2 O3 . Furthermore, the remarkably improved photocurrent density, when comparing the uniform Zr-doped Fe2 O3 nanorod arrays (1.0 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE) with dual-axial gradient-doped (Zr and Sn) Fe2 O3 nanorod arrays, highlights the additional charge-separation effect resulting from gradient codoping of Zr and Sn. Hence, this promising design may provide guidelines for dual-axial gradient doping into photoelectrodes to realize efficient PEC water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, 300384, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, 300384, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Zhu X, Guijarro N, Liu Y, Schouwink P, Wells RA, Le Formal F, Sun S, Gao C, Sivula K. Spinel Structural Disorder Influences Solar-Water-Splitting Performance of ZnFe 2 O 4 Nanorod Photoanodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801612. [PMID: 29975805 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc spinel ferrite, ZnFe2 O4 (ZFO), is an emerging photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar fuel production. However, a lack of fundamental insight into the factors limiting the photocurrent has prevented substantial advance in its performance. Herein, it is found that ZFO nanorod array photoelectrodes with varying crystallinity exhibit vastly different PEC properties. Using a sacrificial hole scavenger (H2 O2 ), spatially defined carrier generation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it is shown that ZFO with a relatively poor crystallinity but a higher spinel inversion degree (due to cation disorder) exhibits superior photogenerated charge separation efficiency and improved majority charge carrier transport compared to ZFO with higher crystallinity and a lower inversion degree. Conversely, the latter condition leads to better charge injection efficiency. Optimization of these factors, and the addition of a nickel-iron oxide cocatalyst overlayer, leads to a new benchmark solar photocurrent for ZFO of 1.0 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and 1.7 mA cm-2 at 1.6 V versus RHE. Importantly, the observed correlation between the cation disorder and the PEC performance represents a new insight into the factors important to the PEC performance of the spinel ferrites and suggests a path to further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Zhu
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials (LIMNO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, No.42, Hezuohua Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Néstor Guijarro
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials (LIMNO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yongpeng Liu
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials (LIMNO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schouwink
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Rebekah A Wells
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials (LIMNO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Le Formal
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials (LIMNO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Song Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, No.42, Hezuohua Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Chen Gao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, No.42, Hezuohua Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Kevin Sivula
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials (LIMNO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Warfsmann S, Taffa DH, Wark M. Photoelectrocatalytic behavior of electrodeposited zinc ferrite films with varying Zn:Fe ratio. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Effect of directional light dependence on enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of ZnIn2S4/TiO2 binary heterostructure photoelectrodes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bedoya-Lora FE, Hankin A, Holmes-Gentle I, Regoutz A, Nania M, Payne DJ, Cabral JT, Kelsall GH. Effects of low temperature annealing on the photo-electrochemical performance of tin-doped hematite photo-anodes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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