1
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Barker CR, King MD, Ward AD. Separation-dependent near-field effects in Mie scattering spectra of two optically trapped aerosol droplets. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:21042-21060. [PMID: 38859469 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The backscattering of ultraviolet and visible light by a model organic (squalane) aerosol droplet (1.0
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2
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Kaluarachchi C, Or VW, Lan Y, Hasenecz ES, Kim D, Madawala CK, Dorcé GP, Mayer KJ, Sauer JS, Lee C, Cappa CD, Bertram TH, Stone EA, Prather KA, Grassian VH, Tivanski AV. Effects of Atmospheric Aging Processes on Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol Physicochemical Properties. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2022; 6:2732-2744. [PMID: 36425339 PMCID: PMC9677592 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of atmospheric aging on single-particle nascent sea spray aerosol (nSSA) physicochemical properties, such as morphology, composition, phase state, and water uptake, are important to understanding their impacts on the Earth's climate. The present study investigates these properties by focusing on the aged SSA (size range of 0.1-0.6 μm) and comparing with a similar size range nSSA, both generated at a peak of a phytoplankton bloom during a mesocosm study. The aged SSAs were generated by exposing nSSA to OH radicals with exposures equivalent to 4-5 days of atmospheric aging. Complementary filter-based thermal optical analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and AFM photothermal infrared spectroscopy were utilized. Both nSSA and aged SSA showed an increase in the organic mass fraction with decreasing particle sizes. In addition, aging results in a further increase of the organic mass fraction, which can be attributed to new particle formation and oxidation of volatile organic compounds followed by condensation on pre-existing particles. The results are consistent with single-particle measurements that showed a relative increase in the abundance of aged SSA core-shells with significantly higher organic coating thickness, relative to nSSA. Increased hygroscopicity was observed for aged SSA core-shells, which had more oxygenated organic species. Rounded nSSA and aged SSA had similar hygroscopicity and no apparent changes in the composition. The observed changes in aged SSA physicochemical properties showed a significant size-dependence and particle-to-particle variability. Overall, results showed that the atmospheric aging can significantly influence the nSSA physicochemical properties, thus altering the SSA effects on the climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor W. Or
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yiling Lan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Elias S. Hasenecz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Deborah Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chamika K. Madawala
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Glorianne P. Dorcé
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kathryn J. Mayer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Sauer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher Lee
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher D. Cappa
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Timothy H. Bertram
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Stone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tivanski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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3
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Maleckaitė K, Dodonova-Vaitkūnienė J, Žilėnaitė R, Tumkevičius S, Vyšniauskas A. Red fluorescent BODIPY molecular rotor for high microviscosity environments. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35705104 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac7943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microviscosity has a strong impact for diffusion-controlled processes in biological environments. BODIPY molecular rotors are viscosity-sensitive fluorophores that provide a simple and non-invasive way to visualise microviscosity. Although green fluorescent probes are already well developed for imaging, thick biological samples require longer wavelengths for investigation. This work focuses on the examination of novelβ-substitutedmeso-phenyl-BODIPYs possessing a red emission. We report a new red fluorescent BODIPY-based probe BP-Vinyl-NO2suitable for sensing microviscosity in rigid environments of over 100 000 cP viscosities. Furthermore, we demonstrate that changing the methyl position fromorthotometaon theβ-phenyl-substituted conjugate BP-PH-m2M-NO2redshifts absorbance and fluorescence spectra while maintaining viscosity sensitivity. Finally, we show that nitro-substitution ofmeso-phenyl is a versatile approach to improve the sensitivity to viscosity while suppressing sensitivity to polarity and temperature of such derivatives. In summary, we present two nitro-substituted red fluorescent probes that could be used as lifetime-based microviscosity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Maleckaitė
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Dodonova-Vaitkūnienė
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Rugilė Žilėnaitė
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania.,Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Tumkevičius
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Aurimas Vyšniauskas
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania.,Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania
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4
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Caporaletti F, Bittermann MR, Bonn D, Woutersen S. Fluorescent molecular rotor probes nanosecond viscosity changes. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:201101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0092248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscosity is a key property of liquids, but it is difficult to measure in short-lived, metastable samples due to the long measuring times required by conventional rheology. Here, we show how this problem can be solved by using fluorescent molecular rotors. The excited-state fluorescence decay rate of these molecules is sensitive to the viscosity of their local environment, and by combining pulsed laser excitation with time-resolved fluorescence detection, we can measure viscosities with a time resolution of a few ns. We demonstrate this by measuring in real time the viscosity change in glycerol induced by a nanosecond temperature jump. This new approach makes it possible to measure the viscosity of extremely short-lived states of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Caporaletti
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marius R. Bittermann
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bonn
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Tong YK, Liu Y, Meng X, Wang J, Zhao D, Wu Z, Ye A. The relative humidity-dependent viscosity of single quasi aerosol particles and possible implications for atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10514-10523. [PMID: 35441631 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity is a fundamental physicochemical property of aerosol particles that influences chemical evolution, mass transfer rates, particle formation, etc. and also changes with ambient relative humidity (RH). However, the viscosity of real individual aerosol particles still remains less understood. Here, we developed a novel optical system based on dual optical tweezers to measure the viscosity of single suspending aerosol droplets under different RH conditions. In our experiment, a pair of quasi atmospheric aerosol droplets composed of organic and inorganic chemical substances were trapped and levitated by dual laser beams, respectively, and then collided and coalesced. The backscattering light signals and bright-field images of the dynamic coalescence process were recorded to infer the morphological relaxation time and the diameter of the composited droplet. Then, the viscosity of the droplet was calculated based on these measured values. The ambient RH of the aerosol droplets was controlled by varying the relative flow rates of dry and humidified nitrogen gas in a self-developed aerosol chamber. The viscosities of single aqueous droplets nebulized with solutes of sucrose, various sulfates and nitrates, and organic/inorganic mixtures were measured over the atmospheric RH range. Besides, the viscosities of the proxies of actual ambient aerosols in Beijing were investigated, which reasonably interpreted the aerosol chemistry transforming from sulfate dominating to nitrate dominating at the PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm) level in the last decade in Beijing. Furthermore, the hygroscopicity of droplets with a solute of organic/inorganic mixtures was researched to obtain a deep insight into the relationship between the viscosity and mass transfer process. Hence, we provide a robust approach for investigating the viscosity and hygroscopicity of the actual individual liquid PM10 aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Tong
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiangxinyue Meng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Dongping Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Anpei Ye
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Sauer JS, Mayer KJ, Lee C, Alves MR, Amiri S, Bahaveolos CJ, Franklin EB, Crocker DR, Dang D, Dinasquet J, Garofalo LA, Kaluarachchi CP, Kilgour DB, Mael LE, Mitts BA, Moon DR, Moore AN, Morris CK, Mullenmeister CA, Ni CM, Pendergraft MA, Petras D, Simpson RMC, Smith S, Tumminello PR, Walker JL, DeMott PJ, Farmer DK, Goldstein AH, Grassian VH, Jaffe JS, Malfatti F, Martz TR, Slade JH, Tivanski AV, Bertram TH, Cappa CD, Prather KA. The Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution study (SeaSCAPE): overview and experimental methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:290-315. [PMID: 35048927 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine aerosols strongly influence climate through their interactions with solar radiation and clouds. However, significant questions remain regarding the influences of biological activity and seawater chemistry on the flux, chemical composition, and climate-relevant properties of marine aerosols and gases. Wave channels, a traditional tool of physical oceanography, have been adapted for large-scale ocean-atmosphere mesocosm experiments in the laboratory. These experiments enable the study of aerosols under controlled conditions which isolate the marine system from atmospheric anthropogenic and terrestrial influences. Here, we present an overview of the 2019 Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution (SeaSCAPE) study, which was conducted in an 11 800 L wave channel which was modified to facilitate atmospheric measurements. The SeaSCAPE campaign sought to determine the influence of biological activity in seawater on the production of primary sea spray aerosols, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and secondary marine aerosols. Notably, the SeaSCAPE experiment also focused on understanding how photooxidative aging processes transform the composition of marine aerosols. In addition to a broad range of aerosol, gas, and seawater measurements, we present key results which highlight the experimental capabilities during the campaign, including the phytoplankton bloom dynamics, VOC production, and the effects of photochemical aging on aerosol production, morphology, and chemical composition. Additionally, we discuss the modifications made to the wave channel to improve aerosol production and reduce background contamination, as well as subsequent characterization experiments. The SeaSCAPE experiment provides unique insight into the connections between marine biology, atmospheric chemistry, and climate-relevant aerosol properties, and demonstrates how an ocean-atmosphere-interaction facility can be used to isolate and study reactions in the marine atmosphere in the laboratory under more controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon S Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Kathryn J Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Christopher Lee
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael R Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Sarah Amiri
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | | | - Emily B Franklin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel R Crocker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Duyen Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Julie Dinasquet
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Lauren A Garofalo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | | - Delaney B Kilgour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Liora E Mael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Brock A Mitts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Daniel R Moon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Institute for Chemical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Alexia N Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Clare K Morris
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Catherine A Mullenmeister
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Chi-Min Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Matthew A Pendergraft
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Petras
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Rebecca M C Simpson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Stephanie Smith
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Paul R Tumminello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Joseph L Walker
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Paul J DeMott
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jules S Jaffe
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Francesca Malfatti
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Universita' degli Studi di Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Todd R Martz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan H Slade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Alexei V Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Christopher D Cappa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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7
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Chang YP, Devi Y, Chen CH. Micro-droplet Trapping and Manipulation: Understanding Aerosol Better for a Healthier Environment. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1644-1660. [PMID: 33999498 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physicochemical properties and heterogeneous processes of aerosols is key not only to elucidate the impacts of aerosols on the atmosphere and humans but also to exploit their further applications, especially for a healthier environment. Experiments that allow for spatially control of single aerosol particles and investigations on the fundamental properties and heterogeneous chemistry at the single-particle level have flourished during the last few decades, and significant breakthroughs in recent years promise better control and novel applications aimed at resolving key issues in aerosol science. Here we propose graphene oxide (GO) aerosols as prototype aerosols containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and GO can behave as two-dimensional surfactants which could modify the interfacial properties of aerosols. We describe the techniques of trapping single particles and furthermore the current status of the optical spectroscopy and chemistry of GO. The current applications of these single-particle trapping techniques are summarized and interesting future applications of GO aerosols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yanita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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8
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Kalume A, Wang C, Pan YL. Optical-Trapping Laser Techniques for Characterizing Airborne Aerosol Particles and Its Application in Chemical Aerosol Study. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:466. [PMID: 33924223 PMCID: PMC8074619 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a broad assessment on the studies of optically-trapped single airborne aerosol particles, particularly chemical aerosol particles, using laser technologies. To date, extensive works have been conducted on ensembles of aerosols as well as on their analogous bulk samples, and a decent general description of airborne particles has been drawn and accepted. However, substantial discrepancies between observed and expected aerosols behavior have been reported. To fill this gap, single-particle investigation has proved to be a unique intersection leading to a clear representation of microproperties and size-dependent comportment affecting the overall aerosol behavior, under various environmental conditions. In order to achieve this objective, optical-trapping technologies allow holding and manipulating a single aerosol particle, while offering significant advantages such as contactless handling, free from sample collection and preparation, prevention of contamination, versatility to any type of aerosol, and flexibility to accommodation of various analytical systems. We review spectroscopic methods that are based on the light-particle interaction, including elastic light scattering, light absorption (cavity ring-down and photoacoustic spectroscopies), inelastic light scattering and emission (Raman, laser-induced breakdown, and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopies), and digital holography. Laser technologies offer several benefits such as high speed, high selectivity, high accuracy, and the ability to perform in real-time, in situ. This review, in particular, discusses each method, highlights the advantages and limitations, early breakthroughs, and recent progresses that have contributed to a better understanding of single particles and particle ensembles in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimable Kalume
- CCDC-US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA;
| | - Chuji Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA;
| | - Yong-Le Pan
- CCDC-US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA;
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9
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Wei Z, Sharma S, Philip AM, Sengupta S, Grozema FC. Excited state dynamics of BODIPY-based acceptor-donor-acceptor systems: a combined experimental and computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8900-8907. [PMID: 33876049 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Donor-bridge-acceptor systems based on boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) are attractive candidates for bio-imagining and sensing applications because of their sensitivity to temperature, micro-viscosity and solvent polarity. The optimization of the properties of such molecular sensors requires a detailed knowledge of the relation between the structure and the photophysical behavior in different environments. In this work we have investigated the excited-state dynamics of three acceptor-donor-acceptor molecules based on benzodithiophene and BODIPY in solvents of different polarities using a combination of ultrafast spectroscopy and DFT-based electronic structure calculations. Transient absorption spectra show that upon photoexcitation an initial excited species with an induced absorption band in the near-infrared regime is formed independent of the solvent polarity. The subsequent photophysical processes strongly depend on the solvent polarity. In non-polar toluene this initial excited state undergoes a structural relaxation leading to a delocalized state with partial charge transfer character, while in the more polar tetrahydrofuran a fully charge separated state is formed. The results clearly show how factors such as donor-acceptor distance and restricted rotational motion by steric hindrance can be used to tune the excited state photophysics to optimize such systems for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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10
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Lisitsyna E, Efimov A, Depresle C, Cauchois P, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E, Laaksonen T, Durandin N. Deciphering Multiple Critical Parameters of Polymeric Self-Assembly by Fluorescence Spectroscopy of a Single Molecular Rotor BODIPY-C12. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lisitsyna
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Clémentine Depresle
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- INSA Rouen Normandie, 685 Avenue de l’université, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Pierre Cauchois
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille, Avenue Mendeleiev, 59652 Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
| | - Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nikita Durandin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
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11
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Kang J, Lhee S, Lee JK, Zare RN, Nam HG. Restricted intramolecular rotation of fluorescent molecular rotors at the periphery of aqueous microdroplets in oil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16859. [PMID: 33033365 PMCID: PMC7545199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent molecular rotor dyes, including Cy3, Cy5, and Alexa Fluor 555, dissolved in micron-sized aqueous droplets (microdroplets) in oil were excited, and the fluorescence intensity was recorded as function of time. We observed lengthening of the fluorescence lifetime of these dyes at the water-oil periphery, which extended several microns inward. This behavior shows that intramolecular rotation is restricted at and near the microdroplet interface. Lengthened lifetimes were observed in water microdroplets but not in microdroplets composed of organic solvents. This lifetime change was relatively insensitive to added glycerol up to 60%, suggesting that solution viscosity is not the dominant mechanism. These restricted intramolecular rotations at and near the microdroplet periphery are consistent with the reduced entropy observed in chemical reactions in microdroplets compared to the same reaction conditions in bulk solution and helps us further understand why microdroplet chemistry differs so markedly from bulk-phase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoun Kang
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - SangMoon Lhee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea. .,Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Davidson NM, Gallimore PJ, Bateman B, Ward AD, Botchway SW, Kalberer M, Kuimova MK, Pope FD. Measurement of the fluorescence lifetime of GFP in high refractive index levitated droplets using FLIM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14704-14711. [PMID: 32573569 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a widely used fluorescent probe in the life sciences and biosciences due to its high quantum yield and extinction coefficient, and its ability to bind to biological systems of interest. This study measures the fluorescence lifetime of GFP in sucrose/water solutions of known molarity in order to determine the refractive index dependent lifetime of GFP. A range of refractive indices from 1.43-1.53 were probed by levitating micron sized droplets composed of water/sucrose/GFP in an optical trap under well-constrained conditions of relative humidity. This setup allows for the first reported measurements of the fluorescence lifetime of GFP at refractive indices greater than 1.46. The results obtained at refractive indices less than 1.46 show good agreement with previous studies. Further experiments that trapped droplets of deionised water containing GFP allowed the hygroscopic properties of GFP to be measured. GFP is found to be mildly hygroscopic by mass, but the high ratio of molecular masses of GFP to water (ca. 1500 : 1) signifies that water uptake is large on a per-mole basis. Hygroscopic properties are verified using brightfield microscope imaging, of GFP droplets at low and high relative humidity, by measuring the humidity dependent droplet size. In addition, this experiment allowed the refractive index of pure GFP to be estimated for the first time (1.72 ± 0.07). This work provides reference data for future experiments involving GFP, especially for those conducted in high refractive index media. The work also demonstrates that GFP can be used as a probe for aerosol studies, which require determination of the refractive index of the aerosol of any shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Davidson
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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13
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Toliautas S, Dodonova J, Žvirblis A, Čiplys I, Polita A, Devižis A, Tumkevičius S, Šulskus J, Vyšniauskas A. Enhancing the Viscosity-Sensitive Range of a BODIPY Molecular Rotor by Two Orders of Magnitude. Chemistry 2019; 25:10342-10349. [PMID: 30998263 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular rotors are a class of fluorophores that enable convenient imaging of viscosity inside microscopic samples such as lipid vesicles or live cells. Currently, rotor compounds containing a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) group are among the most promising viscosity probes. In this work, it is reported that by adding heavy-electron-withdrawing -NO2 groups, the viscosity-sensitive range of a BODIPY probe is drastically expanded from 5-1500 cP to 0.5-50 000 cP. The improved range makes it, to our knowledge, the first hydrophobic molecular rotor applicable not only at moderate viscosities but also for viscosity measurements in highly viscous samples. Furthermore, the photophysical mechanism of the BODIPY molecular rotors under study has been determined by performing quantum chemical calculations and transient absorption experiments. This mechanism demonstrates how BODIPY molecular rotors work in general, why the -NO2 group causes such an improvement, and why BODIPY molecular rotors suffer from undesirable sensitivity to temperature. Overall, besides reporting a viscosity probe with remarkable properties, the results obtained expand the general understanding of molecular rotors and show a way to use the knowledge of their molecular action mechanism for augmenting their viscosity-sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepas Toliautas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 9-III, 10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Dodonova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Žvirblis
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Ignas Čiplys
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Artūras Polita
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Devižis
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Tumkevičius
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Šulskus
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 9-III, 10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurimas Vyšniauskas
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
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14
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Rovelli G, Song YC, Maclean AM, Topping DO, Bertram AK, Reid JP. Comparison of Approaches for Measuring and Predicting the Viscosity of Ternary Component Aerosol Particles. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5074-5082. [PMID: 30921513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the water activity-dependent viscosity of aerosol particles from two techniques are compared, specifically from the coalescence of two droplets in holographic optical tweezers (HOT) and poke-and-flow experiments on particles deposited onto a glass substrate. These new data are also compared with the fitting of dimer coagulation, isolation, and coalescence (DCIC) measurements. The aerosol system considered in this work are ternary mixtures of sucrose-citric acid-water and sucrose-NaNO3-water, at varying solute mass ratios. Results from HOT and poke-and-flow are in excellent agreement over their overlapping range of applicability (∼103-107 Pa s); fitted curves from DCIC data show variable agreement with the other two techniques because of the sensitivity of the applied modeling framework to the representation of water content in the particles. Further, two modeling approaches for the predictions of the water activity-dependent viscosity of these ternary systems are evaluated. We show that it is possible to represent their viscosity with relatively simple mixing rules applied to the subcooled viscosity values of each component or to the viscosity of the corresponding binary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Rovelli
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Young-Chul Song
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Adrian M Maclean
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - David O Topping
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
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15
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Vyšniauskas A, Kuimova MK. A twisted tale: measuring viscosity and temperature of microenvironments using molecular rotors. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2018.1510461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Vyšniauskas
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Chemistry Department, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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16
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Lee SC, Heo J, Woo HC, Lee JA, Seo YH, Lee CL, Kim S, Kwon OP. Fluorescent Molecular Rotors for Viscosity Sensors. Chemistry 2018; 24:13706-13718. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Heo
- Center for Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 39-1 Hawolgok-dong Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Hee Chul Woo
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI); Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ah Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Seo
- Center for Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 39-1 Hawolgok-dong Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Chang-Lyoul Lee
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI); Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 39-1 Hawolgok-dong Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology; KIST School; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); Seoul 02792 Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology; Korea University; 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - O-Pil Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
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17
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Vyšniauskas A, Lopez-Duarte I, Thompson AJ, Bull JA, Kuimova MK. Surface functionalisation with viscosity-sensitive BODIPY molecular rotor. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:034001. [PMID: 29611817 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aabb2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalisation with viscosity sensitive dyes termed 'molecular rotors' can potentially open up new opportunities in sensing, for example for non-invasive biological viscosity imaging, in studying the effect of shear stress on lipid membranes and in cells, and in imaging contacts between surfaces upon applied pressure. We have functionalised microscope slides with BODIPY-based molecular rotor capable of viscosity sensing via its fluorescence lifetime. We have optimised functionalisation conditions and prepared the slides with the BODIPY rotor attached directly to the surface of glass slides and through polymer linkers of 5 kDa and 40 kDa in mass. The slides were characterised for their sensitivity to viscosity, and used to measure viscosity of supported lipid bilayers during photooxidation, and of giant unilamellar vesicles lying on the surface of the slide. We conclude that our functionalised slides show promise for a variety of viscosity sensing applications.
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18
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Reid JP, Bertram AK, Topping DO, Laskin A, Martin ST, Petters MD, Pope FD, Rovelli G. The viscosity of atmospherically relevant organic particles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:956. [PMID: 29511168 PMCID: PMC5840428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of organic aerosol particles in the environment has been long established, influencing cloud formation and lifetime, absorbing and scattering sunlight, affecting atmospheric composition and impacting on human health. Conventionally, ambient organic particles were considered to exist as liquids. Recent observations in field measurements and studies in the laboratory suggest that they may instead exist as highly viscous semi-solids or amorphous glassy solids under certain conditions, with important implications for atmospheric chemistry, climate and air quality. This review explores our understanding of aerosol particle phase, particularly as identified by measurements of the viscosity of organic particles, and the atmospheric implications of phase state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Manchester, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David O Topping
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Markus D Petters
- Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Grazia Rovelli
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Manchester, BS8 1TS, UK
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19
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Vyšniauskas A, López-Duarte I, Duchemin N, Vu TT, Wu Y, Budynina EM, Volkova YA, Peña Cabrera E, Ramírez-Ornelas DE, Kuimova MK. Exploring viscosity, polarity and temperature sensitivity of BODIPY-based molecular rotors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:25252-25259. [PMID: 28718466 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03571c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microviscosity is a key parameter controlling the rate of diffusion and reactions on the microscale. One of the most convenient tools for measuring microviscosity is by fluorescent viscosity sensors termed 'molecular rotors'. BODIPY-based molecular rotors in particular proved extremely useful in combination with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, for providing quantitative viscosity maps of living cells as well as measuring dynamic changes in viscosity over time. In this work, we investigate several new BODIPY-based molecular rotors with the aim of improving on the current viscosity sensing capabilities and understanding how the structure of the fluorophore is related to its function. We demonstrate that due to subtle structural changes, BODIPY-based molecular rotors may become sensitive to temperature and polarity of their environment, as well as to viscosity, and provide a photophysical model explaining the nature of this sensitivity. Our data suggests that a thorough understanding of the photophysics of any new molecular rotor, in environments of different viscosity, temperature and polarity, is a must before moving on to applications in viscosity sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Vyšniauskas
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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20
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Marsh A, Petters SS, Rothfuss NE, Rovelli G, Song YC, Reid JP, Petters MD. Amorphous phase state diagrams and viscosity of ternary aqueous organic/organic and inorganic/organic mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15086-15097. [PMID: 29796502 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00760h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Dimer Coagulation, Isolation and Coalescence (DCIC) technique is used to probe the phase behaviour and glass transition temperatures of ternary aerosol mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Suda Petters
- Department of Atmospheric Science
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Markus Dirk Petters
- Department of Marine
- Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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21
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Bzdek BR, Reid JP. Perspective: Aerosol microphysics: From molecules to the chemical physics of aerosols. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:220901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5002641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Bzdek
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS,
United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS,
United Kingdom
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