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Research progress of nano-silicon-based materials and silicon-carbon composite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Han J, Jo S, Na I, Oh SM, Jeon YM, Park JG, Koo B, Hyun H, Seo S, Lee D, Kim H, Kim J, Lim JC, Lim J. Homogenizing Silicon Domains in SiO x Anode during Cycling and Enhancing Battery Performance via Magnesium Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52202-52214. [PMID: 34726369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SiOx (x ≈ 1) is one of the most promising anode materials for application in secondary lithium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity. Despite this merit, SiOx has a poor initial Coulombic efficiency, which impedes its widespread use. To overcome this limitation, in this work, we successfully demonstrate a novel synthesis of Mg-doped SiOx via a mass-producible physical vapor deposition method. The solid-state reaction between Mg and SiOx produces Si and electrochemically inert magnesium silicate, thus increasing the initial Coulombic efficiency. The Mg doping concentration determines the phase of the magnesium silicate domains, the size of the Si domains, and the heterogeneity of these two domains. Detailed electron microscopy and synchrotron-based analysis revealed that the nanoscale homogeneity of magnesium silicates driven by cycling significantly affected the lifetime. We found that 8 wt % Mg is the most optimized concentration for enhanced cyclability because MgSiO3, which is the dominant magnesium silicate composition, can be homogeneously mixed with silicon clusters, preventing their aggregation during cycling and suppressing void formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sugeun Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ikcheon Na
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung-Min Oh
- Dae Joo Electronics Materials Co., Ltd, Siheung-Si, Gyeonggi-do 15094, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Jeon
- Dae Joo Electronics Materials Co., Ltd, Siheung-Si, Gyeonggi-do 15094, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Gyu Park
- Dae Joo Electronics Materials Co., Ltd, Siheung-Si, Gyeonggi-do 15094, South Korea
| | - Bonho Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyejeong Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungjae Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Danwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hwiho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Juwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lim
- Dae Joo Electronics Materials Co., Ltd, Siheung-Si, Gyeonggi-do 15094, South Korea
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Molecular Understanding of Electrochemical-Mechanical Responses in Carbon-Coated Silicon Nanotubes during Lithiation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030564. [PMID: 33668354 PMCID: PMC7996296 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-coated silicon nanotube (SiNT@CNT) anodes show tremendous potential in high-performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, to realize the commercial application, it is still required to further optimize the structural design for better durability and safety. Here, the electrochemical and mechanical evolution in lithiated SiNT@CNT nanohybrids are investigated using large-scale atomistic simulations. More importantly, the lithiation responses of SiNW@CNT nanohybrids are also investigated in the same simulation conditions as references. The simulations quantitatively reveal that the inner hole of the SiNT alleviates the compressive stress concentration between a-LixSi and C phases, resulting in the SiNT@CNT having a higher Li capacity and faster lithiation rate than SiNW@CNT. The contact mode significantly regulates the stress distribution at the inner hole surface, further affecting the morphological evolution and structural stability. The inner hole of bare SiNT shows good structural stability due to no stress concentration, while that of concentric SiNT@CNT undergoes dramatic shrinkage due to compressive stress concentration, and that of eccentric SiNT@CNT is deformed due to the mismatch of stress distribution. These findings not only enrich the atomic understanding of the electrochemical–mechanical coupled mechanism in lithiated SiNT@CNT nanohybrids but also provide feasible solutions to optimize the charging strategy and tune the nanostructure of SiNT-based electrode materials.
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Shi Z, Zhou J, Li R. Application of Reaction Force Field Molecular Dynamics in Lithium Batteries. Front Chem 2021; 8:634379. [PMID: 33520946 PMCID: PMC7838564 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.634379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium batteries are widely used in portable electronic products. Although the performance of the batteries has been greatly improved in the past few decades, limited understanding of the working mechanisms at an atomic scale has become a major factor for further improvement. In the past 10 years, a reaction force field (ReaxFF) has been developed within the molecular dynamics framework. The ReaxFF has been demonstrated to correctly describe both physical processes and chemical reactions for a system significantly larger than the one simulated by quantum chemistry, and therefore in turn has been broadly applied in lithium batteries. In this article, we review the ReaxFF studies on the sulfur cathode, various anodes, and electrolytes of lithium batteries and put particular focus on the ability of the ReaxFF to reveal atomic-scale working mechanisms. A brief prospect is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Shi
- Shagang School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shagang School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Runjie Li
- Shagang School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Sivonxay E, Aykol M, Persson KA. The lithiation process and Li diffusion in amorphous SiO2 and Si from first-principles. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nowak A, Sprynskyy M, Brzozowska W, Lisowska-Oleksiak A. Electrochemical behavior of a composite material containing 3D-structured diatom biosilica. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang Y, Qu X, Zhang L, Gao M, Liu Y, Pan H. Reaction-Ball-Milling-Driven Surface Coating Strategy to Suppress Pulverization of Microparticle Si Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20591-20598. [PMID: 29856916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a novel reaction-ball-milling surface coating strategy to suppress the pulverization of microparticle Si anodes upon lithiation/delithiation. By energetically milling the partially prelithiated microparticle Si in a CO2 atmosphere, a multicomponent amorphous layer composed of SiO x, C, SiC, and Li2SiO3 is successfully coated on the surface of Si microparticles. The coating level strongly depends on the milling reaction duration, and the 12 h milled prelithiated Si microparticles (BM12h) under a pressure of 3 bar of CO2 exhibit a good conformal coating with 1.006 g cm-3 of tap density. The presence of SiC remarkably enhances the mechanical properties of the SiO x/C coating matrix with an approximately 4-fold increase in the elastic modulus and the hardness values, which effectively alleviates the global volume expansion of the Si microparticles upon lithiation. Simultaneously, the existence of Li2SiO3 insures the Li-ion conductivity of the coating layer. Moreover, the SEI film formed on the electrode surface maintains relatively stable upon cycling due to the remarkably suppressed crack and pulverization of particles. These processes work together to allow the BM12h sample to offer much better cycling stability, as its reversible capacity remains at 1439 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 100 cycles, which is nearly 4 times that of the pristine Si microparticles (381 mAh g-1). This work opens up new opportunities for the practical applications of micrometer-scale Si anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Lingchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Hongge Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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Choi YS, Park JH, Ahn JP, Lee JC. Interfacial Reactions in the Li/Si diffusion couples: Origin of Anisotropic Lithiation of Crystalline Si in Li-Si batteries. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14028. [PMID: 29070873 PMCID: PMC5656666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As opposed to the common understanding that diffusion into a cubic-structured single crystal is independent of its crystalline orientation, the diffusion of Li to crystalline Si (c-Si) is anisotropic, which acts as the major cause for the fracture of Si anodes in Li-ion batteries. Here, by conducting comprehensive/multi-scale simulation studies based on molecular dynamics and density functional theory, we elucidate how and why Li diffusion in c-Si is anisotropic. We found that Li ions diffuse to c-Si by following a particular atomic-scale space corresponding to the lowest value of the valence orbital in c-Si, causing Li ions to take a tortuous diffusion pathway. The degree of the tortuosity of the pathway differs depending on the crystallographic orientation of Si, and it acts as the major cause for anisotropic lithiation. We also develop a structural parameter that can quantitatively evaluate the orientation dependency of the lithiation of c-Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyoung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jae-Pyoung Ahn
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Yun KS, Pai SJ, Yeo BC, Lee KR, Kim SJ, Han SS. Simulation Protocol for Prediction of a Solid-Electrolyte Interphase on the Silicon-based Anodes of a Lithium-Ion Battery: ReaxFF Reactive Force Field. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2812-2818. [PMID: 28593754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose the ReaxFF reactive force field as a simulation protocol for predicting the evolution of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) components such as gases (C2H4, CO, CO2, CH4, and C2H6), and inorganic (Li2CO3, Li2O, and LiF) and organic (ROLi and ROCO2Li: R = -CH3 or -C2H5) products that are generated by the chemical reactions between the anodes and liquid electrolytes. ReaxFF was developed from ab initio results, and a molecular dynamics simulation with ReaxFF realized the prediction of SEI formation under real experimental conditions and with a reasonable computational cost. We report the effects on SEI formation of different kinds of Si anodes (pristine Si and SiOx), of the different types and compositions of various carbonate electrolytes, and of the additives. From the results, we expect that ReaxFF will be very useful for the development of novel electrolytes or additives and for further advances in Li-ion battery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Seop Yun
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, South Korea
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University , Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Pai
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Byung Chul Yeo
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Ryeol Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Sun-Jae Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University , Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Sang Soo Han
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, South Korea
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